Nanophareus bosqenublado, Hara, Marcos Ryotaro, Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo & Kury, Adriano Brilhante, 2012

Hara, Marcos Ryotaro, Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo & Kury, Adriano Brilhante, 2012, Revision of Nanophareus, a mysterious harvestman genus from Chile, with descriptions of three new species (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae), Zootaxa 3579, pp. 37-66 : 57-65

Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov.

( Figs. 8 , 9 , 11 C–D, 12A–B, 13)

Type material. CHILE. IV Región de Coquimbo: Parque Nacional Fray Jorge (Sorón, 30°40´06”S, 71°40´30”W), 15.I.2010, R. Pinto-da-Rocha, F. Cádiz L. & D. Cádiz L. leg., ma holotype & 1 fe paratype (MNHNCL); idem, 3 ma & 4 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36866); idem, 1 ma & 1 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36867); idem, (30°39´45”S, 71°40´40”W, 581 m), 3.I.2011, F. Cádiz L., F. Marques & F. Carbayo leg., 6 ma, 3 fe & 1 juv paratypes ( MZSP 36868); idem, 4.I.2010, 3 ma paratypes ( MZSP 36869); idem (Cerro Talinay, 30°39´49”S, 71°40´56”W), R. Pintoda-Rocha, F. Cádiz L. & D. Cádiz L. leg., 7 ma & 5 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36870); Choapa (Cerro La Silla del Gobernador, east of Pichidangui, 31.X.1988, E. Maury leg., 5 ma & 3 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 043); idem (Cuesta Cavilolén, 30 km northeast of Los Vilos), 12.XI.1987, E. Maury leg., 1 fe & 8 juv ( MACN AK 066); idem, 7.XI.1988, E. Maury leg., 3 ma, 4 fe & 5 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 042); idem (El Bato Illapel 800 m), 11–13.X.1994, L. E. Peña leg., 2 ma, 3 fe & 1 juv paratypes ( AMNH AK 124); idem, 1 ma & 1 fe paratypes ( MNRJ 5967); idem (Los Vilos), 30.IX.1983, E. Maury leg., 1 ma paratype ( MACN AK 067); idem (Quebrada cerca de Totonalillo bridge, 17 km north of Pichidangui), 13.XI.1987, E. Maury leg., 2 ma, 2 fe & 11 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 040); idem (Quebrada El Negro, 7 km south of Los Vilos), 6.XI.1988, E. Maury leg., 1 ma & 3 fe paratypes ( MACN AK 046); Limarí (Parque Nacional Fray Jorge), 9.I.1984, A. Roig A. leg., 3 ma & 2 fe paratypes ( MACN AK 061); idem (Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Bosque de Fray Jorge), 3.XI.1988, E. Maury leg., 12 ma, 15 fe & 14 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 045); idem, 9.I.1984, E. Maury leg., 3 ma, 1 fe & 5 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 062); idem (Parque Nacional Fray Jorge 580 m [30.40'S 71.41'W]), 10.XI.1993, Platnick, Catley, Ramirez & Allen leg., 4 ma, 1 fe & 3 juv paratypes ( AMNH AK 312); idem (Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Talinay, Rt. 5, km 355, elev. 600m [30°51'S 71°36'W]), 12.I.1995, Platnick, Catley & Silva leg., 3 ma, 2 fe & 5 juv paratypes ( AMNH AK 216); Pichidangui (Cerro Santa Inês, 32°09´45”S, 71°29´41”W, 674 m), 3.XII.2010, F. Cádiz L., F. Marques & F. Carbayo leg., 7 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36871); idem (32°09´31”S, 71°29´10”W), 16.I.2010, 5 ma paratypes ( MZSP 36872); idem, 2 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36873); idem, 5 females paratypes ( MZSP 36874); idem, 2 ma & 1 fe paratypes ( MZSP 36875). V Región de Valparaíso: Aconcagua (between Zapallan and La Laguna), 12.I.1984, E. Maury leg., 1 ma & 3 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 050); idem, 12.I.1984, E. Maury leg., 1 fe ( MACN AK 055); Petorca (Pichichuy, quebrada Huaquén), 29.X.1988, E. Maury leg., 6 ma, 8 fe & 6 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 041); idem, 7.I.1984, E. Maury leg., 10 ma, 6 fe & 22 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 048); idem, 10.XI.1987, E. Maury leg., 5 fe ( MACN AK 059); idem (Pichichuy, quebrada con Peumus boldus ), 7.I.1984, A. Roig A. leg., 7 ma, 2 fe & 8 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 039); idem, 1 ma paratype ( MNRJ 19367); idem (Quebrada del Chivato, Los Molles), 30.X.1988, E. Maury leg., 1 ma, 3 fe & 3 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 047); idem (Quebrada El Tigre, Cachagua), 14.XI.1987, E. Maury leg., 1 ma & 8 fe paratypes ( MACN AK 052); idem, 8.XI.1988, E. Maury leg., 4 ma, 8 fe & 3 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 053); Valparaíso (10 km south of Casablanca), 13.I.1984, E. Maury leg., 1 fe & 1 juv ( MACN AK 064); idem (between Cachagua and La Laguna), 11.I.1984, A. Roig A. leg., 1 ma & 1 juv paratypes ( MACN AK 063); idem (Quillata, Cuesta El Melón, 23 km south of De la Ligua), 29.X.1988, E. Maury leg., 2 ma & 1 fe paratypes ( MACN AK 049); idem (Puente Los Boyicas, 24 km east of Algarrobo), 9.XI.1988, E. Maury leg., 1 ma & 1 fe paratypes ( MACN AK 060).

Diagnosis for males. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. resembles N. araucanus sp. nov. because of the frontal hump on dorsal scutum with an enlarged, high median tubercle, coxa IV reaching close to the posterior margin of dorsal scutum in dorsal view, prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV surpassing the posterior margin of dorsal scutum, trochanter IV with a prodorsal apical apophysis and femur IV with a retromedian apophysis. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. can be distinguished from N. araucanus sp. nov. by: Widened and unarmed ocularium, prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV bifid from the subasal area, prodorsal apical apophysis of trochanter IV long and pointed and patella IV with two ventral spines. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the: Coxa IV prolaterally with a dorsal apical apophysis, bifid from subasal region, directed backwards, dorsal branch longer than ventral one, and retrolaterally with a short apical apophysis; trochanter IV with a dorsoapical long apophysis curved to tip of dorsal branch of coxa IV prolateral apical apophysis; femur IV ventrally with 1 retrolateral subapical very long spine and 1 prolateral apical spine; patella IV with a proventral apical spine directed posteriorly and a retroventral subapical spine directed ventrally; tibia IV with two ventral rows of high, enlarged tubercles, retrolateral ones largest, prolateral ones decreasing in size apicad, ventroapically with a prolateral tubercle and a retrolateral spine.

Diagnosis for females. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: Ocularium widened; frontal hump armed with enlarged median tubercles; and scutal area IV undivided.

Etymology. In reference to the remarkable habitat where the holotype material has been collected.

Description. Male (holotype): Dorsum ( Fig. 8 A, C, F): Measurements: DSL 4.70; DSW 4.00; LI 8.95; LII 13.55; LIII 10.55; LIV 14.30. Median frontal hump with a median, enlarged, high tubercle, with 8–9 small tubercles on each side of anterior margin of carapace. Ocularium widened, low, with median eminence and small setae near eyes. Carapace with sparse tubercles. Scutal area I with 10–11 tubercles near longitudinal median groove and groove II; II with 15 scattered tubercles; III with 19 tubercles, most of them roughly organized in a posterior row; IV undivided, with one median row of 12 tubercles. Lateral margin of dorsal scutum irregularly covered with small tubercles, more densely between grooves II and IV. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III each one with a row of 18, 16, 15, 12 tubercles, respectively. Anal operculum densely tuberculate from the middle to posterior margin.

Venter ( Fig. 8 B): Coxa I–IV and stigmatic area densely tuberculate. Posterior margin of stigmatic sternite and free sternites each one with a row of tubercles.

Chelicera: Segment I with 1 tubercle, bulla well-marked; movable finger with 3 teeth; fixed finger with 4 teeth.

Pedipalpus ( Fig. 8 E): Coxa with 4 ventral, 2 dorsal tubercles. Trochanter with 1 dorsal, 2–3 ventral tubercles (basal largest). Femur with 4 small ventral tubercles. Patella with 1 minute dorsal tubercle. Tibia smooth; tibial setation: Prolateral IIii, IIIi, retrolateral I[Ii] (distal bifid and longest, 1 short and 1 long setae). Tarsal setation: Prolateral IiIiii, IiIiiii, retrolateral iIiIiii, iIiIiiii.

Legs ( Figs. 8 G–H, 9): Coxa II with 1 prolateral, 1 retrolateral apophysis, retrolateral apophysis fused at apex with prolateral apophysis of coxa III; IV densely tuberculate, prolaterally with a dorsal apical apophysis, bifid from subasal region, directed backwards, dorsal branch longer than ventral one, forming a forceps with prodorsal apical apophysis of trochanter IV; retrolaterally with a short apical apophysis. Trochanters I–IV tuberculate; IV twice longer than wide, concave dorsally, prolaterally with a wide median apophysis with truncate apex, a dorsoapical long apophysis (approximately trochanter length) curved to tip of dorsal branch of coxa IV prolateral apical apophysis; retrolaterally with an enlarged median pointed tubercle and a short, conical apical apophysis. Femur IV straight, dorsally and laterally with some enlarged rounded tubercles, a medium sized (length approximately ¼ of femur IV length) prodorsal apical blunt spine, a medium sized retrodorsal apical blunt spine, an enlarged dorsomedian apical tubercle; retrolaterally with a subasal and a median spines; ventrally with a retrolateral row of tubercles increasing in size from the base to the middle length of femur; a prolateral row of tubercles increasing in size apically; one retrolateral, subapical, very long spine, and one prolateral apical spine. Patella IV densely covered by rounded enlarged tubercles, with a proventral apical spine directed posteriorly and a retroventral subapical spine directed ventrally. Tibia III with a proventral row of enlarged tubercles; IV with two ventral rows of high, enlarged tubercles, retrolateral ones largest, prolateral ones decreasing in size apically, ventroapically with a prolateral tubercle and a retrolateral spine. Metatarsus IV with slightly enlarged tubercles on basal ½. Basitarsus I slightly swollen. Tarsal process reduced to a seta. Tarsal segmentation: 6(3); 10(3); 6; 6.

Penis ( Fig. 11 C–D): Glans with wide sac; stylus slender, cylindrical, and curved, with dense group of ventral subapical trichomes; ventral process slender, blunt apex directed to stylus. Ventral plate distal setae conical, placed a little far from ventral plate corner, slightly curved on apex; ventral plate basal setae slightly curved on apex (larger than distal group).

Coloration in live specimen ( Fig. 12 A): Areas and posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites dark brown (almost black); carapace light brown with some lighter spots; lateral margin of opisthosoma almost all orange. Chelicera, pedipalps and legs greenish background with dark brown reticulated pattern. Apex of apophyses of coxa IV and trochanter IV orange.

Female (paratype; MNHNCL): Dorsum ( Figs 8 D, 12B): Measurements: DSL 4.40; DSW 3.60; LI 8.30; LII 12.55; LIII 9.70; LIV 12.85. Median frontal hump with 2 median, enlarged, high tubercles, the anterior one smallest. Pedipalpus: Tarsal setation: Prolateral IiIiii, retrolateral iiIiIiii, iiiIiIiii. Trochanters II, IV with 1 enlarged retrolateral tubercle. Femur IV slightly curved inwards, with a pair of dorsoapically enlarged tubercles; ventrally with two rows of tubercles, prolateral ones slightly enlarged, an apical pair of enlarged tubercles; retrolaterally unarmed. Patella–tibia IV unarmed. Tarsal segmentation: 6(3); 9–10(3); 6; 6.

Variation in males (n=11): Measurements: DSL 4.20–4.95; DSW 3.55–4.05; LI 7.90–9.80; LII 11.45–15.40; LIII 9.55–11.70; LIV 12.85–15.50. Paramedian armature of scutal area III varies considerably in size from tubercles to a pair of spines. Spiniform apophyses of coxa–femur IV vary in stoutness. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral iIIi, IIii, IIIi; tarsal setation: Prolateral IiIii, IiIiii, IiIiiii, retrolateral iIiIiii, iIiIiiii, iiIiIiii, iiiIiIiii, iiIiIiiii, iiiIiIiiii. Tarsal segmentation: 6(3); 9–12(3); 6; 6.

Variation in females (n=10): Measurements: DSL 4.30–4.75; DSW 3.40–3.75; LI 7.80–8.45; LII 9.90–12.75; LIII 9.20–9.75; LIV 12.30–12.95. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral IIIi; tarsal setation: Retrolateral iiIiIii, iiIiIiii, iiIiIiiii, iiiIiIiii, iiiIiIiiii.

Geographical distribution ( Fig. 13 ): E Chile. Coquimbo and Valparaíso.

Biotope note. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. was collected in Rain Forest islands in the middle of semiarid environment. The distribution of this species coincides with forest of Aextoxicon punctatum (known in Chile as olivillo, an Aextoxicaceae tree), which was almost continuous for about 650 km from Fray Jorge to south before European occupation (see Squeo et al. 2005). Northern record of N. bosqenublado sp. nov. are in forested areas that have canopies about 13–17 m high and which are found in patches of about 5 ha in Sorón (near Parque Nacional Fray Jorge main office) and smaller sizes in Cerro Talinay, Cerro Santa Ines and localities of Region de Valparaíso. These patches have been isolated since the late Tertiary and they are located on coastal mountaintops (only at 450–600 m), surviving on the moisture input from fog. Southern records are also in forests dominated by olivillo trees, in coastal mountain slopes or in ravines. For more details on this biotope, see Squeo et al. (2004, 2005) and del-Val et al. (2006).

Figures

FIGURE 8. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. Male (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, idem, ventral view; C, idem, right lateral view; E, right pedipalp, retrolateral view; F, ocularium, anterior view; G, apex of right femur IV, dorsal view; H, right tarsus IV, dorsal view. Female (paratype; MNHNCL): D, habitus, dorsal view. A, D at same scale; B, C at same scale. Scale bars of A – E: 1 mm. Scale bars of F – H: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9. Nanophareus bosqenublado sp. nov. Male right leg IV (holotype): A, dorsal view; B, prolateral view; C, ventral view; D, retrolateral view. A – D at same scale. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Distal part of Nanophareus spp. penis in dorsal and lateral view: A – B, N. bipartitus sp. nov.; C – D, N. bosqenublado sp. nov. A, B at same scale; C, D at same scale. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Pictures of live Nanophareus spp.: A, male of N. bosqenublado sp. nov.; B, idem, female; C, male of N. bipartitus sp. nov.; D, idem, female.

FIGURE 13. Distribution of the three new species of Nanophareus in Central Chile. Nanophareus araucanus sp. nov. (empty square); N. bipartitus sp. nov. (bipartite circle) and N. bosqenublado sp. nov. (solid triangle). The precise Chilean locality of N. palpalis is unknown.