Puellina septemcryptica, Dick & Tilbrook & Mawatari, 2006

Dick, Matthew H., Tilbrook, Kevin J. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2006, Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA, Journal of Natural History 40 (38 - 40), pp. 2197-2257 : 2214-2217

Puellina septemcryptica new species

( Figure 6B, D, F, H )

Type material

Holotype: NHM 2006.7.21.6, specimen HI-5 (part), two ancestrular colonies encrusting Junerossia copiosa , bleached, coated for SEM; Kapa’a Beach Park, Island of Hawaii; 1 March 2005; M. H. Dick, collector; intertidal, 0.15 m low tide . Paratype: NHM 2006.7.21.7, same locality and collecting information as for holotype; specimen HI-11 (part); one minute fragment.

Etymology

The species name derives from the Latin septem (seven) and the latinized Greek kruptos (hidden).

Measurements

ZL, 0.25–0.33 (0.281¡0.0229). ZW, 0.16–0.24 (0.196¡0.023). OrL, 0.04–0.05 (0.042¡0.005). OrW, 0.04–0.06 (0.052¡0.007). OvL, 0.10–0.14 (0.118¡0.013). OvW, 0.11–0.14 (0.128¡0.009).

Description

Colony unilaminar, encrusting, forming small whitish patches; zooids separated by a sharp groove. Frontal shield ( Figure 6B, H ) composed of 14–18 (mode514) fused costae that rise at an angle to the margin, then turn sharply to form the nearly flat surface of the shield; a boss is present at the angle of the turn; four to six (mode5five) intercostal pores between adjacent costae. Subapertural lumen single, close to proximal margin of orifice, bounded proximally by short pair of costae that sometimes form a small umbo in midline; umbo sometimes quite raised, sharp ( Figure 6H ). Primary orifice ( Figure 6B ) semicircular, broader than long in non-ovicellate zooids, proximal margin straight, with seven stout, closely spaced oral spines. Interzooidal kenozooids were not observed. Ovicell ( Figure 6B, H ) globose, smooth, with a slight, proximodistally elongate ridge or umbo near proximal margin; ovicell incorporates one pair of spines and abuts another at proximolateral corners. Interzooidal avicularia ( Figure 6B, F, H ) uncommon, usually arising from distolateral corner of a zooid, the chamber bulbous, the rostrum long and tapering, with serrate edges ( Figure 6F ); avicularia associated with ovicell not observed. Ovicell of type C, a distal component of the maternal zooid ( Bishop and Househam 1987). Ancestrula ( Figure 6D ) a zooid similar to but smaller than subsequent zooids, with the frontal costae incompletely developed in our specimen; initially buds a distolateral pair of daughter zooids, and eventually is surrounded by additional lateral and proximolateral pairs of daughter zooids.

Remarks

We found two Puellina species on the Island of Hawaii; in addition to having clearly different ancestrulae, one of them has conspicuously larger zooids than the other. We have identified the species with larger zooids as P. harmeri on the basis of occasionally having one or two avicularia associated with an ovicell, and having a tatiform ancestrula with 12 spines. The smaller species on the Island of Hawaii has a non-tatiform ancestrula, which thus distinguishes it from P. harmeri and P. vulgaris , and primarily on this basis, we describe it as a new species, P. septemcryptica .

Puellina septemcryptica differs from P. harmeri on the Island of Hawaii in having smaller zooids, ovicells, and orifices (compare Figure 6B with 6A, which are to the same scale), a non-tatiform ancestrula (compare Figure 6D with 6C), and periancestrular zooids having 13–14 costae rather than the 11–12 in P. harmeri ; the ancestrular budding pattern is also different. The frontal shield of P. septemcryptica is flatter, with a comparatively strong boss at the marginal curvature of each costa. The frontal shield of P. harmeri is more convex; a boss is less consistently present, and is less pronounced when it is present (compare Figure 6H with 6G). Finally, avicularia are less common in P. septemcryptica than in P. harmeri , and the avicularia sometimes closely associated with the ovicell that occur in the latter were not observed in P. septemcryptica .

Distribution

Puellina septemcryptica is known only from Kapa’a Shore, Island of Hawaii.

‘‘Grade’’ HIPPOTHOOMORPHA Gordon, 1989 Superfamily HIPPOTHOOIDEA Busk, 1859 Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Busk, 1859 Genus Hippothoa Lamouroux, 1821 Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni, 1870

( Figure 7A, B )

Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni 1870, p 328 .

Hippothoa flagellum: Hayward and Ryland 1999, p 88 , Figures 17C, D , 18; Tilbrook et al. 2001, p 62, Figure 9C, D .

Measurements ZL (exclusive of cauda), 0.21–0.29 (0.242¡0.028). ZW, 0.12–0.19 (0.148¡0.022). OrL,

0.05–0.06 (0.054¡0.006). OrW, 0.04–0.06 (0.043¡0.006). OvL, 0.14–0.17 (0.151). OvW, 0.14–0.16 (0.150) (ovicell n 52).

Description

Colony unilaminar, encrusting, white, consisting of fine network of tiny zooids interconnected by long caudae; zooids bud in cruciform fashion, connecting to as many as four other zooids. Frontal wall hyaline, convex, transversely striated; cauda one to several times as long as dilated portion of zooid. Polymorphs include autozooids, female zooids, and zooeciules. Primary orifice of autozooid ( Figure 7A ) longer than broad, the poster proximal to minute condyles deep and U-shaped. Female zooids budded laterally from autozooids; female secondary orifice ( Figure 7B ) including ovicell margin is roughly Dshaped, with small condyles in the corners and the proximal margin shallowly concave. Ovicell ( Figure 7B ) imperforate except for a minute pore near proximal margin.

Distribution

Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni has been regarded as a cosmopolitan species, occurring in shallow shelf habitats from subpolar regions to the tropics. However, detailed study will likely resolve it into a worldwide complex of morphologically similar, geographically limited species, an enterprise that is beyond the scope of this study. This is the first record of the nominal species from the Hawaiian Islands.

Figures

Figure 6. (A, C, E, G) Puellina harmeri Ristedt: (A) autozooid, ovicellate zooids, and avicularia; (C) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; (E) marginal zooids, showing long distal spines and marginal avicularium; (G) oblique view of autozooids and ovicellate zooids. (B, D, F, H) Puellina septemcryptica n. sp.: (B) paratype (NHM 2006.7.21.7),

Figure 7. (A, B) Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni: (A) autozooid; (B) autozooid (part) and ovicellate zooid. (C, D) Chorizopora brogniartii (Audouin) sensu lato: (C) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, interzooidal kenozooids, and avicularia; (D) ancestrula (lower left) and early astogeny. (E, F) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler): (E) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, and interzooidal avicularia; (F) ancestrula (bottom centre) and periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 200 Mm (A, B); 500 Mm (C–F).

Figure 9. (A–D) Parasmittina serrula Soule and Soule: (A) autozooids and ovicellate zooids; (B) enlargement of orifice; (C) young colony showing wide marginal lamina; (D) ancestrula and surrounding marginal lamina. (E, F) Watersipora subovoidea sensu Harmer: (E) autozooids; (F) enlargement of orifice. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 50 Mm (B); 1 mm (C, E); 200 Mm (D, F).

Figure 17. Favosipora adunca n. sp.: (A) paratype 1 (NHM 2006.7.21.25), partial view of colony; (B) paratype 1, enlargement of fused peristomes of autozooids; (C) holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.24), brood chamber; (D) holotype, enlargement of brood chamber, showing oeciostome (top, right of centre); (E) paratype 4 (YPM-38559), detail of brood-chamber formation, showing granulated floor and struts of calcification that will contribute to covering; (F) paratype 4, enlargement of kenozooidal openings. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 200 Mm (B, D, E); 500 Mm (C); 100 Mm (F).