Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835

Crocetta, Fabio & Russo, Paolo, 2013, The alien spreading of Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Chamidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, Turkish Journal of Zoology 37 (1), pp. 92-96 : 93

3.1. Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835

3.1.1. Published records

Chama broderipii Reeve - Tillier and Bavay, 1905: 177; Chama broderipi [sic!] Reeve - Pallary, 1912: 166, tab. XVII (III), fig. 8; Chama broderipi Rve - Moazzo, 1939: 71; Chama reflexa Reeve - Moazzo, 1939: 71; Chama reflxa [sic!] Reeve 1846 - Çeviker, 1999: 26; Chama reflexa Reeve 1846 - Çeviker, 1999: 27; Chama reflexa - Çeviker, 2001: 40, fig. 3; Chama pacifica Broderip, 1834 [sic!] - Mienis et al., 1993: 13–18; Bogi and Galil, 1997: 43–44, figs: 8–9; Çeviker, 2001: 45–46, fig. 21; Zibrowius and Bitar, 2003: 70; Zenetos et al., 2004: 262–263, figure; Mienis, 2004: 119; Türkmen et al., 2005: 107–110; Buzzurro and Cecalupo, 2006: 29; Delongueville and Scaillet, 2006: 30–31, fig. 2; Delongueville and Scaillet, 2007: 58, 62, 64, 66, 68, fig. 40; Zenetos et al., 2009: 2, 6; Delongueville and Scaillet, 2010: 3–5, fig. 6; Bakır et al., 2012: 180; Chama pacifica Boderip [sic!], 1834 - Çeviker, 2001: 41; Chama pacifica (Broderip, 1834) [sic!] - Bitar et al., 2005: 313; Delongueville and Scaillet, 2006: 29; Chama pacifica - Bitar et al., 2007: 437; Bitar, 2010: 452; Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835 - Zurel et al., 2011: 1–9.

Not Chama pacifica sensu Manousis et al. (2010) .

Unpublished material examined

Cyprus:

Larnaca Bay : June 2009 - 5 m on stones - 1 spm: 39.2 × 31.5 .

Greece:

Fokià Bay (Kàrpathos Island): August 2011 - 1.5 m on stones - 4 spms: 52 × 31.9 ( Figure 1a ); 49.5 × 50.6 ( Figure 1b ); 45.8 × 32.3; 44.6 × 31.9 .

Lebanon:

Ramkine Island : May 2000 - 3 m - 2 RV : 40 × 38.5; 43.5 × 33.3. May 2000 - 13 m, sediment - 6 RV : 31.6 × 29.6; 31 × 32.3; 29 × 26; 28.5 × 21; 15 × 11; 14.5 × 12; 2 LV: 18.9 × 13; 17.5 × 13.1. June 2000 - 13–14 m, sediment - 1 RV : 5.8 × 7.2. July 2003 - 7 m, cave - 1 RV : 49.3 × 43.2; 1 LV: 26 × 21. July 2003 - 15 m, cave - 2 spms: 19.2 × 11; 18 × 11.2.

Anfeh: October 1999 - 10 m - 1 spm: 29 × 32.5.

Ras El Chakaa: October 1999 - 3–5 m, cave - 1 RV : 5 × 4.5.

Chak El Hatab: July 2003 - 14 m, cave - 1 RV : 4 × 3.9.

Selaata: October 1999 - 5–6 m, concretions - 1 spm: 9 × 8. October 1999 - 5–6 m, cave - 2 spms: 9.5 × 6.1; 9 × 6.5. October 1999 - 6–7 m - 1 spm: 15.8 × 11. October 1999 - 9 m, cave - 6 RV: 9 × 7.2; 6 × 6.9; 5.5 × 4.9; 4.2 × 4.2; 3.5 × 3.2. May 2001 - 30 m - 2 RV: 12.5 × 14.5; 9.5 × 7.5. September 2002 - 21 m, cave - 3 spms: 58 × 55; 27.5 × 19.5; 18.5 × 16; 1 RV: 48.5 × 41.5; 1 LV: 56 × 49; 49.2 × 46. July 2003 - 20 m, cave - 7 spms: 61.5 × 52; 51.5 × 47; 50.5 × 43; 19.5 × 13.5; 13.5 × 1.1; 13.5 × 8.1; 10.5 × 5; 4 RV: 42 × 36.2; 34.5 × 34; 32.4 × 27.2; 5 × 4.5; 2 LV: 29 × 23.2; 21.7 × 20.5.

Kfar Abida: April 2000 - 7–8 m, cave - 1 spm: 51 × 5.

El Barbara: June 2000 - 26–28 m - 2 spms: 17 × 13.5; 11.2 × 11.2; 4 RV: 6.9 × 6; 6.2 × 6.1; 5.5 × 5; 4.5 × 4.2; 4 LV: 9 × 5.5; 7 × 5.1; 5 × 4.2; 4.2 × 3.

Jbail: October 1999 - 16 m, cave sediment - 1 RV : 5.9 × 5.1.

Beirut: June 2000 - 1 RV : 7.6 × 6.5. September 2002 - 3–10 m - 3 spms: 35.5 × 32.5; 17 × 12; 14 × 10. September 2002 - 10 m - 3 spms: 15.9 × 11.1; 7 × 5.5; 5.1 × 4.9. September 2002 - around 15 m - 1 spm: 34.2 × 23. September 2002 - around 20 m - 1 spm: 19.5 × 15; July 2003 - 3–11 m - 1 spm: 9.3 × 7.

El Zahrani: June 2000 - 14 m - 1 RV: 5.1 × 5.2. June 2000 - 24 m - 3 spms: 18.1 × 13; 7 × 7; 4.2 × 4 .

El Kassmieh: October 1999 - 44 m, sediment - 14 RV: 18.9 × 19; 10.5 × 8.5; 8.2 × 8.1; 8 × 7.7; 8 × 7; 7.5 × 7.5; 6.1 × 5.5; 6 × 5.5; 6 × 5.1; 6 × 5; 6 × 6.5; 4.5 × 4.5; 4.1 × 5; 2.2 × 2.2; 1 LV: 9.5 × 11.

Turkey:

İskenderun: June 2005 – 1.5 –2 m of depth on stones - 1 spm: 54.8 × 36.4. August 2009 - 5 m on stones - 3 spms: 50.3 × 32.6; 41.8 × 23.4; 22.7 × 14.2.

3.1.2. Mediterranean published distribution, first record dates, and relevant notes

So far, Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835 records are limited to the eastern Mediterranean Sea (see Sciberras and Schembri, 2007; Zenetos et al., 2010a; Antit et al., 2011; Katsanevakis et al., 2011; Crocetta, 2012). A recent record of one C. pacifica juvenile specimen from the Thermaikos Gulf ( Manousis et al., 2010) has been a matter of debate, leading to divergent opinions. Zenetos et al. (2011) considered it as a misidentification (of another alien species - Chama aspersa Reeve, 1846 ), while Zurel et al. (2011) and Tzomos et al. (2012) accepted it as C. pacifica . Tzomos et al. (2012) stated the first record date from Greece in 2005 on the basis of the above-cited paper. Here, a more detailed examination of high-resolution color photos of this specimen allowed us to clarify the issue. Even if intraspecific variation within Chama species is high, the external sculpture with very weak and regular spines (usually more pronounced and less regular in C. pacifica ), the internal yellow color pattern (usually purplish in C. pacifica ), and the shape of the adductor muscle scars of the right valve (usually narrower and more elongated in C. pacifica ) clearly point to a juvenile of the native Chama gryphoides Linnaeus, 1758 . Published distribution, first record dates, and relevant notes are summarized in the Table and Figure 1c .

Figures

Figure 1. Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835. a) and b) Specimens from Fokià Bay (Kàrpathos Island, Greece): 52.0 × 31.9 and 49.5 × 50.6. c) Mediterranean spreading and first record dates.