Cacopsylla graciliforceps, Burckhardt, 2024

Burckhardt, Daniel, 2024, The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah), Alpine Entomology 8, pp. 1-17 : 1

Cacopsylla graciliforceps sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 9 , 13-15 , 25-28

Type locality.

Malaysia, Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park, summit trail, Panar Laban, 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E, 3300 m.

Material examined.

Holotype. Malaysia • ♂; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8759; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Vaccinium ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . Paratypes. Malaysia • 1 ♀; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit trail; 6.0475°N, 116.5620°E; 2830 m, 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8274; Leptospermum forest; MHNG, dry . • 5 ♂, 5 ♀; same data but summit trail; 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E; 3230 m, 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8277; Leptospermum forest, on Leptospermum ( Myrtaceae ); MHNG, NCHU, NHMB, dry . • 2 ♂; same data but summit trail; 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E; 3230 m, 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8279; Leptospermum forest, on Myrsine dasyphylla ( Primulaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 6 ♂, 3 ♀; same data but summit trail; 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E; 3230 m, 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8280; Leptospermum forest, on Vaccinium coriaceum ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂, 5 ♀; same data but summit trail; 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E; 3230 m, 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8286; Leptospermum forest, Common trap; MHNG, dry . • 1 ♀; same data but summit trail near Lyang Lyang ; 6.0430°N, 116.5591°E; 2620 m, 2.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8751; open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forest; MHNG, dry . • 2 ♂, 8 ♀; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8756; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Leptospermum recurvum ( Myrtaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♀; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8757; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Myrica javanica ( Myricaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 15 ♂, 14 ♀; same data as holotype but MHNG, NHMB, dry, slide . • 4 ♂; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8761; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Styphelia sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂, 4 ♀; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8762; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 3 ♂; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8764; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 2 ♂, 8 ♀; same data but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m, 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8765; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron rugosum ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂; same data but headquarters; 1500 m, 8-16.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; interception trap; MHNG, dry . • 14 ♂, 8 ♀; same data but below Laban Rata ; 3155 m, 5.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry . • 8 ♂, 4 ♀; same data but Laban Rata ; 3200 m, 9-20.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; interception trap; MHNG, NHMB, dry, slide . • 5 ♂, 11 ♀; same data but Laban Rata ; 3200 m, 4-8.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; interception trap; MHNG, dry . • 2 ♂; same data but base of St. John's Peak ; 3450-4000 m, 20.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry .

Diagnosis.

Adult. Vertex 0.5 times as long as wide; genal processes 1.0-1.1 times as long as vertex along midline, slender, in basal third strongly, in apical two thirds weakly tapering to apex which is obliquely truncate or irregularly rounded, distinctly separated in the middle. Antenna 1.6-1.7 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.2: 0.3. Metatibia bearing small genual spine. Forewing oblong oval, widest in apical third, 3.4-3.8 times as long as head width, 2.3-2.5 times as long as broad; pterostigma moderately long, irregularly narrowing to apex, ending level with bifurcation of vein M; vein Rs weakly sinuous; m1 cell value 2.1-2.4, cu1 cell value 2.0-2.5; surface spinules present in all cells, relatively evenly spaced, forming irregular rhombs or squares; leaving broad spinule-free stripes along veins, absent from basal half of cell r2; fields of surface spinules of marginal cells evenly widening to wing margin. Male proctiger tubular, weakly curved, 0.5-0.6 times as long as head width. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, with relatively straight dorsal margin; sparsely beset with long setae in distal half. Paramere shorter than proctiger, in lateral view, digitiform, almost straight. Distal segment of aedeagus with lens-shaped apical dilation. Female proctiger 1.3-1.4 times as long as head width; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex. Female subgenital plate 0.5-0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex.

Description.

Adult. Colouration. General body colour dark brown to almost black (Fig. 1 ). Head (Fig. 2 ) ochreous; vertex white along posterior margin medially and along base of coronal suture, each half with triangular dark brown patch. Antennal segments 1 and 2 light reddish brown, segments 3-8 yellow with dark apex becoming more extended from segment 3 to 8, segments 8 and 9 dark brown or black. Pronotum white in the middle and with two lateral white dots on either side. Mesopraescutum black with orange pattern consisting of a narrow, longitudinal orange line in the middle, a transverse band at the base and each a lateral patch on either side; lateral and posterior edges each with a white spot on either side. Mesoscutum with light brown longitudinal stripes. Legs yellow; profemora partly, and meso- and metafemora entirely dark brown. Forewing (Fig. 9 ) membrane transparent, almost colourless; veins ochreous to brown, becoming darker towards apex; apex of clavus brown. Younger specimens with more extended ochreous and brown colour.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body length ♂ 2.8-3.1 mm, ♀ 2.9-3.4 mm (10 ♂, 10 ♀). Head deflexed 45° from longitudinal body axis (Fig. 1 ); slightly narrower than mesoscutum. Vertex rhomboidal, 0.5 times as long as wide, weakly concave at base, bearing short sparse setae and imbricate microsculpture; preocular sclerite not developed; genal processes 1.0-1.1 times as long as vertex along midline, slender, in basal third strongly, in apical two thirds weakly tapering to apex which is obliquely truncate or irregularly rounded, distinctly separated in the middle, evenly beset with sparse long setae, those along lateral margin near apex slightly longer than the others (Fig. 2 ); eyes hemispherical. Rostrum 0.4-0.5 times as long as head width, in lateral view mostly hidden by mesosternum and only apical segment visible. Antenna 1.6-1.7 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.2: 0.3; antennal segment 3 longest; relative length of segment 10 and terminal antennal setae as 1.0: 1.6: 1.4. Metatibia 0.7-0.8 times as long as head width, bearing small genual spine, weakly widening to apex, with 1+3+1 apical spurs. Forewing (Fig. 9 ) oblong oval, widest in apical third, 3.4-3.8 times as long as head width, 2.3-2.5 times as long as broad, costal margin irregularly curved, relatively evenly rounded apically; pterostigma moderately long, at base narrower than adjacent part of cell r1, irregularly narrowing to apex, ending level with bifurcation of vein M; vein C+Sc weakly, relatively evenly curved; vein M+Cu longer than half length of R; vein Rs weakly sinuous; m1 cell value 2.1-2.4, cu1 cell value 2.0-2.5; surface spinules present in all cells, relatively evenly spaced, forming irregular rhombs or squares; leaving broad spinule-free stripes along veins, absent from basal half of cell r2; fields of surface spinules of marginal cells evenly widening to wing margin.

Male terminalia as in Figs 13-15 . Proctiger tubular, weakly curved, 0.5-0.6 times as long as head width; beset with long, dense setae in apical two thirds. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, with relatively straight dorsal margin; sparsely beset with long setae in distal half. Paramere shorter than proctiger, in lateral view, digitiform, almost straight; weakly, slightly irregularly narrowing to rounded apex; apex, in dorsal view, with sclerotised toothlet pointing antero-mediad; in caudal view curved; outer face relatively evenly beset with moderately long setae; inner face densely beset with long bristles, denser basally along posterior margin. Aedeagus long and slender; distal segment of aedeagus slender in basal three quarters, lens-shaped in apical quarter; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, weakly curved. - Female terminalia as in Figs 25-28 . Proctiger 1.3-1.4 times as long as head width, 4.8-5.0 times as long as circumanal ring which consists of two unequal rows of pores; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; sparsely beset with short setae in basal half and with a submedian longitudinal row of moderately long setae and a lateral band of peg setae on either side in apical half. Subgenital plate 0.5-0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; apical three quarters beset with short setae laterally and long setae ventrally. Dorsal and ventral valvulae weakly curved; lateral valvula narrowly rounded apically.

Measurements in mm (3 ♂, 3 ♀). Head width 0.68-0.74; antenna length 1.12-1.24; forewing length 2.34-2.76; length of male proctiger 0.36-0.38; paramere length 0.28-0.30; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.24-0.26; female proctiger length 0.96-1.00.

Fifth instar immature unknown.

Etymology.

From Latin gracilis = slender, thin, slim and forceps = pair of tongs, pincers, referring to the slender parameres.

Distribution.

Malaysia: Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, at altitudes between 2600 m and 4000 m. The single male found in a trap at 1500 m was probably blown there by the wind.

Host plant, biology and habitat.

Unknown. Almost half of the adults were collected on species of Ericaceae ( Rhododendron , Styphelia and Vaccinium ) which are likely hosts. The species was found in Leptospermum and open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forests as well as in moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae .

Comments.

Cacopsylla graciliforceps resembles 11 Palaearctic Cacopsylla species associated with Ericaceae in the antennae shorter than twice head width, the forewing with a weakly curved costal margin and fields of surface spinules widening towards the wing margin, as well as in the slender, simple paramere. It differs from Cacopsylla borealis Nokkala & Nokkala, 2019, C. fraudatrix Labina & Kuznetsova, 2012, C. lapponica Nokkala & Nokkala, 2019, C. ledi (Flor, 1861), C. myrtilli (Wagner, 1947), C. rhododendri (Puton, 1871) and C. vaccinii (Miyatake, 1964) in the much longer female terminalia, and from C. fengqingica Li, 2011, C. lyoniae Li, 2011, C. nigriantennata (Kuwayama, 1908) and C. pieridis (Li & Yang, 1987) in the straight, digitiform paramere with subparallel margins in lateral view (versus slightly sinuate and irregularly narrowing in the first three species and slightly sinuous and lamellar in the last species).

Figures

Figures 1 - 8. Cacopsylla spp. 1, 3, 5, 7. Habitus, in lateral view; 2, 4, 6, 8. Head, in dorsal view; 1, 2. C. graciliforceps; 3, 4. C. kinabaluensis; 5, 6. C. myrsines; 7, 8. C. photiniae.

Figures 9 - 12. Cacopsylla spp., forewing. 9. C. graciliforceps; 10. C. kinabaluensis; 11. C. myrsines; 12. C. photiniae.

Figures 13 - 24. Cacopsylla spp., male terminalia. 13, 16, 19, 22. Male terminalia, in lateral view; 14, 17, 20, 23. Inner face of paramere; 15, 21, 24. Distal aedeagal segment, same scale as paramere; 18. apex of distal aedeagal segment. 13 - 15. C. graciliforceps; 16 - 18. C. kinabaluensis; 19 - 21. C. myrsines; 22 - 24. C. photiniae.

Figures 25 - 33. Cacopsylla spp., female terminalia. 25, 29, 32, 33. Female terminalia, in lateral view; 26. Distal part of circumanal ring, in dorsal view; 27, 30. Subapical portion of proctiger, in lateral view; 28, 31. Dorsal and ventral valvulae. 25 - 28. C. graciliforceps; 29 - 31. C. kinabaluensis; 32. C. myrsines; 33. C. photiniae.