Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924

Edmonds, W. D. & Zidek, J., 2010, A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (129), pp. 1-111 : 9

Key to subgenera of Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff

(Modified from Edmonds 1972)

1. Posterior surface of each protibial tooth with dense, oblique clump of short setae ( Fig. 5 , arrow). Striae conspicuous, always carinulate, with straight or sinuous margins ( Fig. 13-16 ). Protarsi present in female (except C. bonariensis ). Posterior margin of hind wing lacking distinct basal notch (as in Fig. 10 ). Sexual dimorphism not pronounced; male and female (except C. bellicosus ) with long, thick, tapering head horn and massive, saddle-shaped pronotal prominence projecting forward above broad concavity. Occipital areas each with angulate prominence ( Fig. 11 , asterisk); paraocular areas (“genae”) carinate lateral to upper eye. Large to very large, length 30-50+ mm. Dorsum weakly shining metallic green or blue, or dull, dark violet. South America east of the Andes ........................................................................................... Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff

— Posterior surface of each protibial tooth with single oblique row of setae at base ( Fig. 6 ). Striae conspicuous or not; rarely carinulate. Protarsi absent in female. Base of hind wing notched or not. Sexual dimorphism pronounced; configuration of male and female head and pronotal shape usually very distinct. Occipital areas more-or-less flattened, lacking angular prominences ( Fig. 12 , asterisk); paraocular areas (genae) carinate or not lateral to upper eye. Small to mediumsized, length 15-35 mm. Color and distribution variable ......................................................... 2

2(1). Hind wing not notched basally ( Fig. 10 ). Width of lower portion of eye less than twice (usually about equal) that of adjacent oculogular space. Beading of anterior portion of circumnotal carina entire, not effaced behind eyes (as in Fig. 7 ). Male with long, evenly tapering cylindrical head horn or shorter cylindrical horn with expanded base; female with trituberculate carina. Color often bright, metallic, occasionally dark. South America east of Andes and south of Amazonia to northern Argentina.................................................................. Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff

— Hind wing distinctly notched basally, vein V 2 usually hooked apically ( Fig. 9 ). Lower portion of eye large, bulging, width more than twice that of adjacent oculogular space. Beading of anterior margin of circumnotal carina effaced behind eye ( Fig. 8 ) (entire in the jasius group, Fig. 7 ). Male head with horn or trituberculate carina; horn, if present, never a long, cylindrical, tapering protuberance. Female head with trituberculate carina. Color usually dark, somber; metallic reflections, if any, usually restricted to margins of pronotum; only seldom with metallic color conspicuous to unaided eye. Northern Argentina to northern Mexico (and extreme southern Texas) ................................................................................................... Coprophanaeus s. str.

Figures

Figure 5-12. Characters of Coprophanaeus. 5) Ventral view of front left tibia of C. ensifer (arrow marks elongate tuft of setae). 6) Same, C. dardanus. 7) Left anterolateral pronotal margin of C. spitzi (arrow indicates unbroken circumnotal carina. 8) Same, C. magnoi (arrow indicates broken circumnotal carina). 9) Base of left hind wing of C. cerberus. 10) Same, C. horus. 11) Lateral view left occipital lobe of C. ensifer (asterisk marks swelling). 12) Same, C. spitzi (asterisk marks flat area).

Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus.