Metallophanaeus

Edmonds, W. D. & Zidek, J., 2010, A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (129), pp. 1-111 : 24-25

Key to species of Metallophanaeus

1. Anterior metasternal profile (viewed laterally, Fig. 59 ) evenly and broadly rounded; angle usually with distinct beading visible ventrally as V- or I-shaped cap. Ventral surface of protibia lateral to longitudinal carina ( Fig. 50 ) usually completely, evenly punctate–punctatorugose (weakly so in C. punctatus ). Pronotum of large male with pair of small, closely set, apically convergent processes near posterior margin, separated by strong concavity ( Fig. 63 , 69 , 78 ); disk below processes with deep, round concavity on each side (except C. punctatus ). Female pronotum lacking deep, rounded anteromedian concavity (e.g. Fig. 67-68 ). Basal pronotal fossae variable. Male cephalic horn evenly tapering from base to apex, base not prominent ( Fig. 69 ). Parameres with lobate, laterally directed apical processes (e.g. Fig. 66 ). saphirinus species group .. 2

— Anterior metasternal profile (viewed laterally, Fig. 57-58 ) squared or prolonged anteroventrally to some degree and seldom beaded. Ventral surface of protibia lateral to longitudinal carina mostly smooth, usually with single or double row of shallow, confluent punctures paralleling longitudinal carina ( Fig. 50 , arrow). Pronotum of large male with deep anteromedian concavity whose summit is marked by transverse crease-like ridge (lobate medially in C. pertyi , Fig. 80-81 ). Female pronotum with deep, rounded anteromedian concavity that bears strongly raised, trituberculate, quadrate process adjacent to anterior margin (e.g. Fig. 84 ). Basal pronotal fossae distinct, round or oblong ( Fig. 52-53 ). Male cephalic horn a slender, cylindrical process arising from a thickened base ( Fig. 80 ). Tips of parameres swollen as thickened lateral flanges ( Fig. 89 ). thalassinus species group .................................................................................................. 4

2(1). Female pronotum ( Fig. 67-68 ) lacking rounded crest adjacent to anterior margin; disk bearing transverse ridge followed by midlongitudinal depression extending to posterior margin. Posterior portion of paraocular areas (genae) strongly, transversely raised in front of eyes (swelling sometimes ridge-like, Fig. 60 ), coarsely punctured in front of swelling. Basal pronotal fossae present, rounded. Elytral interstriae usually distinctly convex, first, second and/or fourth often more strongly so. Pygidium ( Fig. 56 ) with broad, shallow basal sulcus, distinctly shagreened in contrast to smooth pygidial surface. Apical processes of parameres (viewed laterally) angulate. Dorsum ( Fig. 63-68 ) shiny green with strong yellow reflections, strongest on head and pronotum ................................................ Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) horus (Waterhouse)

— Female pronotum ( Fig. 73 , 76 ) with small trituberculate crest adjacent to anterior margin; crest followed by weak concavity flanked posteriorly by pair of rounded tumosities. Paraocular areas (genae) at most only weakly convex, sculpturing variable. Basal pronotal fossae variable. Elytral interstriae flat. Pygidium usually lacking any indication of distinct basal groove. Apical processes of parameres rounded. Dorsal coloration variable .................................................................... 3

3(2). Posteromedian angle of pronotum slightly produced posteriorly, very smooth, effacing basal fossae and mesial ends of basal pronotal groove. Pronotum smooth posteromedially. Paraocular areas mostly smooth, highly shining. Male pronotum with round concavities beneath posteromedian projections. Elytral striae simple, very fine (x5) ......................................................................... ................................................ Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus (Sturm) — Posteromedian angle of pronotum not produced, basal fossae small, incorporated into mesial ends of basal groove. Pronotum distinctly punctured posteromedially. Paraocular areas completely punctured, usually densely and coarsely so. Male pronotum lacking round concavities. Elytral striae ( Fig. 54 ) carinulate, distinctly punctured (x5) .................................................................. ........................................... Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) punctatus (Olsoufieff)

4(1). Transverse pronotal ridge of male lobate medially ( Fig. 81 ). Posteromedian portion of pronotum smoother and shinier than remainder of disk, simply punctate, less strongly and densely so near basal fossae. Apical angle of metasternum (viewed laterally, Fig. 57 ) salient, rounded, laterally compressed, beading at most faintly indicated. Cephalic carina of female simple, scarcely elevated, at most only weakly trituberculate. Paraocular areas (genae) nearly flat, strongly, densely punctate, with short carina lateral to eyes. Pygidium lacking basal groove. Tips of parameres only slightly swollen laterally, lacking distinct flanges. Elytra dull black; pronotum, head, pygidium and venter with strong bluish-green metallic reflections. NE Brazil............... ...................................................... Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) pertyi Olsoufieff

— Transverse pronotal ridge of male straight or weakly curved, not lobate ( Fig. 85 , 92 ). Posteromedian portion of pronotum ( Fig. 52-53 ) not obviously smoother than surrounding surface, densely, evenly punctate or punctatorugose. Metasternal angle ( Fig. 58 ) squared or acutely salient. Cephalic carina of female with prominent, conical median tubercle. Paraocular areas swollen to some degree, strongly rugose, carina lateral to eye at most only vaguely indicated, usually obliterated by rugosity. Pygidium with broad, shallow basal groove. Tips of parameres with distinct lateral flanges ( Fig. 89 ). Elytra colored, not black ..................................................... 5

5(4). Posteromedian portion of pronotum ( Fig. 53 ) strongly, densely punctate, lacking distinct granules or ridges (sculpturing stronger in females). Anterior end of metasternum acutely angled, sometimes almost conical. Inner two-thirds of paraocular areas (genae) strongly swollen ( Fig. 61 ). Base of pronotum with distinct groove in front of beaded margin; groove opens into elongate basal fossae ( Fig. 53 ). Elytral interstriae flat, irregularly transversely wrinkled. Tips of parameres with strongly developed rounded, flat flanges ( Fig. 53 ) .............................................................. ..................................................... Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) pessoai (Pereira)

— Posteromedian portion of pronotum ( Fig. 52 ), at least near fossae, granulate or granulorugose. Anterior angle of metasternum squared ( Fig. 58 ), not distinctly salient. Paraocular areas (genae) weakly swollen. Pronotum lacking distinct basal groove ( Fig. 52 ); basal fossae distinct, oval. Elytral interstriae smooth, weakly convex, first strongly raised and shiny. Tips of parameres have rounded flanges with slightly upturned margins ( Fig. 94 ) ................................................ ................................................. Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) thalassinus (Perty)

Figures

Figure 50-61. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Metallophanaeus. 50) Ventral view of left protibia of C. saphirinus. 51) Same, C. pertyi. 52) Dorsal view of posterior portion of pronotum of C. thalassinus. 53) Same, C. pessoai. 54) Dorsal view of left elytron of C. punctatus. 55) Same, C. pessoai. 56) Posterior view of pygidium of C. horus. 57) Lateral view of metasternal angle of C. pertyi. 58) Same, C. pessoai. 59) Same, C. saphirinus. 60) Dorsal view of right side of head of C. horus. 61) Same, C. pessoai.

Figure 63-68. Coprophanaeus horus. 63-65) Male habitus. 66) Aedeagus (dorsal view on left; lateral view on right). 67-68) Female habitus.

Figure 69-74. Coprophanaeus saphirinus. 69-71) Male habitus. 72) Aedeagus (dorsal view above; lateral view below). 73-74) Female habitus.

Figure 75-79. Coprophanaeus punctatus. 75-76) Female habitus. 77-78) Male habitus. 79) Aedeagus (dorsal view on left; lateral view on right).

Figure 80-84. Coprophanaeus pertyi. 80-81) Male habitus. 82) Aedeagus (dorsal view on left; lateral view on right). 83-84) Female habitus.

Figure 85-89. Coprophanaeus pessoai. 85-86) Female habitus. 87-88) Male habitus. 89) Aedeagus (dorsal view on left; lateral view on right).

Figure 90-94. Coprophanaeus thalassinus. 90-91) Female habitus. 92-93) Male habitus. 94) Aedeagus (dorsal view on left; lateral view on right).