Coprophanaeus, Olsoufieff, 1924

Edmonds, W. D. & Zidek, J., 2010, A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (129), pp. 1-111 : 54-56

Coprophanaeus (C.) cyanescens ( Olsoufieff, 1924)

Fig. 98 , 113 , 145-150

Phanaeus cyanescens Olsoufieff, 1924: 65

Phanaeus costatus Olsoufieff, 1924: 66 New Synonymy

Coprophanaeus cyanescens (Olsoufieff) (recomb. by Blackwelder 1944: 209)

Phanaeus worontzowi Pessôa and Lane, 1937: 325 New Synonymy

Type. P. cyanescens – lectotype male (des. by Arnaud 1982a: 116), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (examined by photo) ; P. costatus - holotype, hybrid specimen (examined; see Comments), The Natural History Museum, London ; P. worontzowi – holotype male, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo .

Diagnosis. General – Metallic coloration green or dark blue, or intermediate tones, confined to posterior areas of head and pronotal sides and margins; elytra black or tinged with highlights of same tone as pronotum. Clypeal margin clearly explanate/angulate lateral to median teeth ( Fig. 45 , 148 ). Posteromedian portion of pronotum, except around basal fossae, punctured or punctatorugose, sometimes densely so. Sulcus paralleling carinate posterior margin of pronotum weakly sculptured (x25); carina entire, sometimes weakly punctate. Posterior pronotal fossae and surrounding area densely, finely granulate. Length 19-27 mm.

Male ( Fig. 147-150 ) – Tip of head horn almost reaching level of prothoracic carina; anterior surface of base usually punctate; length of central process equal to that of base. Pronotal prominence widely Vshaped, trituberculate, medial tooth distinctly larger than laterals, width less than distance separating outer margins of eyes. Length of parameres about one-half that of phallobase.

Female ( Fig. 145-146 ) – Cephalic carina weakly bowed anteriorly, trituberculate, median tooth slightly larger than laterals. Vertex coarsely, densely punctured. Pronotal ridge trapezoidal, summit weakly trituberculate. Anteromedian concavity shallow, posterior (upper) margin simple, not bitumose.

Specimens examined – 416.

Distribution. Chacoan subregion ( Fig. 113 ).

Collection Records. ARGENTINA: Catamarca – La Viña (Jan) . Chaco – Miraflores (Apr, Sep); Chaco National Park , 100 km NW Resistencia (Dec) ; Puerto Bermejo. Formosa – Gran Guardia (Nov). Jujuy – El Quemado (Apr) ; 12 km S. Ledesma [ Río Ledesma ], 500 m (Dec) ; Calilegua National Park [Mirador; El Cortaderal; Aguas Negras], 500-900 m (Dec) ; 6 km W Yuto (Feb). Misiones – Dos de Mayo (Feb) ; El Dorado (Nov); Iguazú National Park , 200 m (Dec) ; Garuhapé (Mar). Salta – Tablillas, 700 m (Feb) ; General Martín Miguel de Güemes (Feb) ; Pocitos [Distrito San Martín] (Jan, Nov); El Rey Nacional Park, 890 m (Nov-Dec); Rosario de Lerma , 1325 m (Mar) . Tucuman – Famaillá (Jan). BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca – Rosario [Lago Rocagua] (Nov) . Beni – Rurrenbaque (Jun); Magdalena, 180 m (Dec). Santa Cruz – Santa Cruz Botanic Garden, 17 o 47’02”S 63 o 03’47”W, 400 m (Nov) ; Buena Vista (Feb-Mar); El Refugio Reserve , 14 o 46’S 61 o 02’W ; Santiago (Feb) ; Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado [El Refugio], 14 o 45’58”S 61 o 01’59”W (Jan) ; Reserva Municipal Tucavaca, 18 o 12’S 59 o 28’W, 150 m (Apr); RPPN Caparú, 14 o 50’S 61 o 10’W, 180 m (Dec) ; 1.6 km ESE Santiago de Chiquitos , 18 o 20.103’S 59 o 35.007’W, 622 m (Nov) ; 20 km NE Santiago de Chiquitos ( Tucavaca River ), 18 o 14.590’S 59 o 27.907’W, 215 m (Nov) . Tarija – between Caiga and Creveaux , 20 o 50’19”S 63 o 24’58”W, 490 m (Jan) ; between Yaguacua and Caiza , 21 o 50’52”S 63 o 36’26”W (Jan) ; Entre Ríos ( Quebrada de Abra ) (Feb) ; Yacuiba (May-Jun); TCO Yumao [Kaaguasu], 19 o 05’S 63 o 35’W, 500 m (Feb). BRAZIL: Bahia – Feira de Santana (Jun) ; Encruzilhada (Dec); Cruz das Almas (Apr). Ceará – Uirapuru, Serra de Baturité , 4 o 20’S 38 o 56’W (Jun) ; Maranguape, São Benedito, Sanc. Nossa Senhora de Penha , 38 o 40’48"W 03 o 52’29"S, 96 m (Mar). Maranguape, 3 o 54’S 38 o 42’W (Jun) ; Maranguape, São Benedito, Sanctuario da Nossa Senhora de Penha , 38 o 40’53"W 03 o 52’18"S, 160 m (Mar-

Apr); Maranguape, Tabatinga , 38 o 43’48"W 04 o 00’42"S, 126 m (Mar) ; Serra de Baturité, Uirapuru , 38 o 54’22"W 04 o 17’27"S, 620 m (Mar, May) ; Maranguape, Piraponga , 38 o 41’59"W 03 o 53’26"S, 200 m (Feb- Mar). Distrito Federal – 15 km N Brasilia, 1250 m (Mar). Espíritu Santo – Timbuhy (Dec) ; Linhares (Mar, Nov, Jan). Maranhão – Codó ( Feb ) ; Santa Quiteria de Maranhão, Fazenda Rodiador, 42 o 40’46"W 03 o 24’50"S, 47 m (Feb, May ). Mato Grosso – 13.4 km S Posto do Gil, 14 o 37’55”S 56 o 16’23”W, 240 m (Jan) ; 20.2 km S Posto do Gil , 14 o 40’58”S 56 o 17’57”W, 240 m (Jan) ; Fazenda São João , 14 o 14’10”S 56 o 08’11”W, 400 m. ; Vale de Solidão, 14 o 22’S 56 o 07’W (Mar). Mato Grosso do Sul – Paranaíba (Mar) ; Selvíria ( Oct ) ; Campo Grande (Oct, Dec). Minas Gerais – Sete Lagoas ( Dec ) ; Ipatinga ( Nov ) ; Sabará; Rio das Velhas. Pará – Belêm (Feb). Paraná – Londrina [Mata Godoy] ( Jan-Mar , Dec ). Paraíba – Mamanguape [Rebio Guaribas], 6 o 41’S 35 o 10’W (Apr) ; João Pessoa [Mata do Buraquinho] ( Jun ) ; Fazenda Pacatuba (Jul). Pernambuco – Recife. Rio de Janeiro – Rio Bonito ( Apr ) ; Pocos de Caldas (Dec). Rio Grande do Norte – Lajes. São Paulo – Piracicaba ( Oct ) ; Indiana ( Feb ) ; Ilha Solteira ( Mar ) ; Campinas ( Jan ) ; Batatais ( Dec ) ; Anhembí [Fazenda Barriero Rico] (Nov). PARAGUAY: Alto Paraguay – Puerto Bertoni ; Primavera (Nov). Alto Paraná – Estación Dimas (Jan-Feb). Amambay – Cerro Cora (Feb, Dec); Pedro Juan Caballero (Nov). Caaguazú – Caaguazú. Canindeyú – Reserva Nacional Bosque Mbaracayú [Jejuí-Mí] (Jan, Nov). Central – Asunción; Capiatá (Oct). Concepción – Concepción [Santa Morana], 23 o 24’S 57 o 26’W (Nov) ; Horqueta ( Dec ) ; Cororó ( Nov ) ; Campo Zanja Morotí , 22 o 53’S 57 o 23’W (Mar, Nov-Dec). Cordillera – Altos (Mar) ; Naranjo (Oct, Dec). Guairá – Melgarejo (Apr, Sep ) ; Colonia Sudetia ( Jan ) ; Yaparucu ( Nov ) ; Villarrica (Oct). Itapúa – Encarnación ; San Rafael Reserve , 26 o 31’24”S 55 o 48’18”W, 90 m (Nov). Misiones – Santa Rosa (Oct). Paraguari – Sapucay (Jan-Apr, Oct-Dec). San Pedro – Yatevó .

Comments. This is a widespread species that, along with C. ensifer and C. bonariensis , is an indicator of the Chacoan subregion. Metallic coloration can be blue or green, and there seems to be no geographic pattern associated with color variability. Fernando Vaz-de-Mello (pers. comm.) reports that in the Atlantic coast forest of Brazil the blue form frequents forest habitats while the green form predominates in pastures and other open habitats. Conrad Gillett (pers. comm.) reports that in Ceará it occurs commonly in Atlantic forest fragments and less commonly in caatinga; specimens from both habitats there are bluish green. Rare individuals can present a crenulate posterior pronotal margin similar to that of C. gamezi . We have not seen C. rigoutorum , but our interpretations of Arnaud’s descriptions (2002a, 2002c) place it near, or perhaps in synonymy with C. cyanescens .

Arnaud (2002c: 36) listed P. worontzowi as a synonym of C. jasius ; our interpretation of the latter results in the new synonymy of P. worontzowi and C. cyanescens . Edmonds’ (1967) reference to Phanaeus jasius undoubtedly applies to C. cyanescens .

We here reassign the synonymy of Phanaeus costatus to C. cyanescens , which Arnaud (1982a) synonymized with C. jasius (see Comments under C. jasius ).

Figures

Figure 113. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (s. str.) species in the jasius species group.

Figure 95-101. Characters of the Coprophanaeus (s. str.) jasius species group. 95) Dorsal view of pronotum of male C. cerberus. 96) Same, C. jasius. 97) Same, C. spitzi. 98) Same, C. cyanescens. 99) Dorsal view of cephalic process of female C. gamezi. 100) Detail of elytral surface of C. acrisius. 101) Same, C. spitzi.

Figure 145-150. Coprophanaeus gamezi. 145-146) Female habitus. 147-149) Male habitus. 150) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below).

Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below).