Microdipoena Banks, 1895

Zhang, Qiuqiu & Lin, Yucheng, 2023, Phylogenetic placement of eight poorly known spiders of Microdipoena (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with descriptions of five new species, ZooKeys 1175, pp. 333-373 : 333

Genus Microdipoena Banks, 1895

Mysmena Simon, 1895: 149.

Microdipoena Banks, 1895: 85 (synonymized by Bishop and Crosby 1926: 127).

Mysmena Bishop & Crosby, 1926: 177.

Microdipoena Saaristo, 1978: 124.

Mysmenella Brignoli, 1980: 731 (synonymized by Lopardo and Hormiga 2015: 783).

Anjouanella Baert, 1986: 265 (synonymized by Lopardo and Hormiga 2015: 783).

Microdipoena Lopardo & Hormiga, 2015: 783.

Type species.

Microdipoena guttata Banks, 1895 by original designation; type locality Long Island, New York, USA.

Diagnosis.

The male can be distinguished from other mysmenids by there are two or three distal-prolateral macrosetae on the tibia I (Figs 3A , 8A , 11A , 15A , 21B ). The palpal bulb is very large (at least 4-5 × tibia in size, 2-3 × in other mysmenids). The cymbium has an apical part with complex structure, which specialized as a cymbial conductor and a cymbial process (Figs 6H , 9C , 12B , 16B , 22D ). A lobe-shaped paracymbium bears several long setae along its edge (Figs 4C , 6H , 9B , 12B, F , 16B , 20D , 22D ). The thick embolus folds into a twisted complex structure at distal end, wrapped by a membranous structure on the apex of cymbium (Figs 9A-C , 12D-G , 16C-G , 20D, E , 22A, F-H ) (except in M. comorensis , M. elsae , M. guttata , M. mihindi , M. nyungwe , and M. vanstallei , without complex structure, but with either a distal apophysis or irregular membrane). The female differed from other mysmenids by the abdomen with a whitish ventral ring around the spinnerets (Figs 3F , 11E , 19D , 21F ) (except M. comorensis , with all ventral abdominal area paler). The shape of spermathecae are mostly round, oval, or semicircular, wrapped by membranous copulatory ducts from posterior or around (Figs 7C , 9F , 10F , 13C , 14F , 17C , 18F , 23D ).

Composition.

Twenty one species: Microdipoena comorensis (Baert, 1986) (♂♀), M. elsae Saaristo, 1978 (♂♀), M. gongi (Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004) (♂♀), M. guttata Banks, 1895 (♂♀), M. huisun sp. nov. (♀), M. illectrix (Simon, 1895) (♂), M. jobi (Kraus, 1967) (♂♀), M. lisu sp. nov. (♀), M. menglunensis (Lin & Li, 2008) (♂♀), M. mihindi (Baert, 1989) (♂), M. nyungwe Baert, 1989 (♂♀), M. ogatai (Ono, 2007) (♂♀), M. papuana (Baert, 1984) (♂), M. pseudojobi (Lin & Li, 2008) (♂♀), M. saltuensis (Simon, 1895) (♀), M. samoensis (Marples, 1955) (♂♀), M. shenyang sp. nov. (♂♀), M. thatitou sp. nov. (♀), M. vanstallei Baert, 1985 (♂), M. yinae (Lin & Li, 2013) (♂♀), and M. zhulin sp. nov. (♂♀).

Distribution.

From Europe to the Caucasus, from East Asia to Southeast Asia and South Asia to the Middle East, from central Africa to Madagascar and Seychelles, from USA to Paraguay, from New Guinea to Samoa and Hawaii.

Figures

Figure 3. Microdipoena elsae Saaristo, 1978, male (A-C) and female (D-F) from Seychelles A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, lateral E habitus, dorsal F habitus, ventral. Abbrrviations: FS = femoral spot, MC = Metatarsal clasping spine, TS = tibial spine on male leg I. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 4. Microdipoena elsae Saaristo, 1978, from Seychelles A male palp, apical B male palp, dorsal C male palp, prolateral D male palp, retrolateral. Abbreviations: Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyFs = setae on cymbial fold, E = embolus, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, SD = spermatic duct, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 6. Microdipoena elsae Saaristo, 1978, from Seychelles A conductor, dorsal B conductor, ventral C embolic distal end, dextrolateral D tegulum, dorsal E tegulum, ventral F cymbium, dorsal G cymbium, apical-lateral H cymbium, prolateral. Abbreviations: Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyF = cymbial fold, CyFs = setae on cymbial fold, CyP = cymbial process, PC = paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 7. Microdipoena elsae Saaristo, 1978, from Seychelles A epigyne, ventral B vulva, ventral C vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = scape. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 8. Microdipoena gongi Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004, male (A-C) and female (D-F), from Hunan of China A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, lateral E habitus, dorsal F habitus, ventral. Abbreviations: FS = femoral spot, MC = Metatarsal clasping spine, TS = tibial spine on male leg I. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 9. Microdipoena gongi Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004, from Hunan of China A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C male palp, apical D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, E = embolus, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, S = spermathecal, SD = spermatic duct, Sp = Scape, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 10. Microdipoena huisun sp. nov., female from Taiwan of China A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = Scape. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-C), 0.10 mm (D-F).

Figure 11. Microdipoena jobi Kraus, 1967, male (A-C) and female (D-F) from Georgia A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, lateral E habitus, dorsal F habitus, ventral. Abbreviations: FS = femoral spot, MC = Metatarsal clasping spine, TS = tibial spine on male leg I. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 12. Microdipoena jobi Kraus, 1967 from Georgia A bulbus with conductor removed, from behind B cymbium, prolateral C conductor, dorsal D embolic end, retrolateral E male palp, apical F male palp, prolateral G male palp, retrolateral. Abbreviations: CT = cymbial tooth, Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyP = cymbial process, E = embolus, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 13. Microdipoena jobi Kraus, 1967 from Georgia A epigyne, ventral B vulva, ventral C vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = Scape. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 14. Microdipoena lisu sp. nov., female from Yunnan of China A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = Scape. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-C); 0.10 mm (D-F).

Figure 15. Microdipoena shenyang sp. nov., male (A-C) and female (D-F) from Liaoning of China A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, lateral E habitus, dorsal F habitus, ventral. Abbreviations: FS = femoral spot, TS = tibial spine on male leg I. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 16. Microdipoena shenyang sp. nov. from Liaoning of China A conductor, dorsal B cymbium, ventral C bulbus with conductor removed, prolateral D bulbus with conductor removed, retrolateral E embolic end, apical-lateral F male palp, prolateral G male palp retrolateral. Abbreviations: CT = cymbial tooth, Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyP = cymbial process, E = embolus, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, SD = spermatic duct, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, E-G); 0.20 mm (C, D).

Figure 17. Microdipoena shenyang sp. nov. from Liaoning of China A epigyne, ventral B vulva, ventral C vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = scape. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 18. Microdipoena thatitou sp. nov., female from Laos A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = Scape. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-C), 0.10 mm (D-F).

Figure 19. Microdipoena yinae Lin & Li, 2013, from Sichuan of China A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral G epigyne, ventral H vulva, dorsal. CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = scape. Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

Figure 20. Microdipoena yinae Lin & Li, 2013, from Sichuan of China A male palp, apical B bulbus with conductor removed, dorsolateral C conductor, dorsal D male palp, prolateral E male palp, retrolateral. Abbreviations: Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyP = cymbial process, E = embolus, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, SD = spermatic duct, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 21. Microdipoena zhulin sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (D-F) from Guangxi of China A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, lateral E habitus, dorsal F habitus, ventral. Abbr.: FS = femoral spot. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 22. Microdipoena zhulin sp. nov. from Guangxi of China A palp, apical B conductor, dorsal C cymbium, apical D cymbium, prolateral E left tibia I and metatarsus I, prolateral F palp, prolateral G palp, ventral H palp, retrolateral. Abbreviations: CT = cymbial tooth, Cy = cymbium, CyC = cymbial conductor, CyP = cymbial process, E = embolus, MC = mating clasper, Pa = patella, PC = paracymbium, T = tegulum, Ti = tibia, TS = tibial spine. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 23. Microdipoena zhulin sp. nov. from Guangxi of China A epigyne, ventral B epigyne, lateral C vulva, ventral D vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, S = spermathecal, Sp = scape. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.