Atractaspis Smith, 1849
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.13159758 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A1F87CA-4E25-4B34-A5BB-C623FED5FD0F |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Atractaspis Smith, 1849 |
status |
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Genus Atractaspis Smith, 1849 View in CoL
Atractaspis bibronii Smith, 1849 BIBRON’S STILETTO SNAKE
A tractaspis bibronii Smith 1849a : pl. 71 (see Notes below). Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.18.19 (formerly 83.7.30.5) (collector A. Smith) and one unlocated specimen (fide Wallach et al. 2014). Type locality: “eastern districts of the Cape Colony” in error (see Notes below).
Atractaspis Bibroni View in CoL : Bocage (1867c:227, 1870:68, 1895a:141).
Atractaspis bibronii View in CoL : Boulenger (1896:515, 1915:223), Mertens (1937a:16, 1938a:442), Tilbury and Branch (1989:327), Broadley (1991a:498), Spawls and Branch (1995:31), Spawls et al. (2004:440), Nagy et al. (2005:226), Dobiey and Vogel (2007:21), Bates et al. (2014:349), Wallach et al. (2014:63), Branch and Conradie (2015:200).
Atractaspis bibroni rostrata View in CoL : Laurent (1950a:11, 1950b:33, 1954a:62, 1964a:122), Thys van den Audenaerde (1966:36), Manaças (1981:42).
Atractaspis bibroni View in CoL x rostrata View in CoL : Broadley (1959:72).
Atractaspis bibronii bibronii View in CoL : FitzSimons (1962:319), Broadley (1990:219).
Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated.
Global distribution: The species is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, extending from Kenya and southern Somalia, southwards to Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola, western and northern Zambia, Mozambique to Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and eastern portions of South Africa, as well as Swaziland.
Ocurrences in Angola (Map 282): The species has been recorded in central western
Angola and in the northeastern part of the country. Lunda Norte: “Dundo” [-7.36667,
20.83333] ( Laurent 1950a:11, 1954a:62,
1964a:122; Manaças 1981:42); “Dundo, Barrage de la Luachimo” [-7.38333, 20.85000]
( Thys van den Audenaerde 1966:36); “Carumbo” [-7.74422, 19.95467] (Branch and Conradie 2015:200). Benguela: “Catumbella” GoogleMaps
[-12.43333, 13.55000] ( Bocage 1867c:227,
1895a:141; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent
1950b:32; Manaças 1981:41); “Benguella”
[-12.58333, 13.41667] ( Bocage 1895a:141;
Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:32; Manaças 1981:41); “Dombe” [-12.95000, 13.10000]
( Bocage 1895a:141; Monard 1937b:141; Lau- MAP 282. Distribution of Atractaspis bibronii in rent 1950b:32; Manaças 1981:41); “Cubal” Angola.
[-13.03333, 14.25000] ( Monard 1937b:141; Mertens 1937a:16, 1938a:442; Laurent 1950b:32; Manaças 1981:41).
Taxonomic and distributional notes: Smith’s (1849) plate gives his new species name as Atractaspis bibronii , however, the accompanying three unnumbered pages of text give the name as A. inornatus , except for the last paragraph in which it is implied that the species is named for Bibron. Atractaspis bibronii does not occur in the area given by Smith as the type locality. FitzSimons (1962) considered the actual source of the types to be “Natal” and Broadley (1990) likewise considered the type locality “almost certainly Natal,” but Broadley (1991a) suggested that “the northern Cape Province or the western Transvaal” was the likely source of the surviving BMNH syntype, as scale counts of rhte surviving syntype were inconsistent with specimens from KwaZulu-Natal. Laurent (1950b) in his Atractaspis revision, treated A. rostrata Günther, 1868 as a subspecies of A. bibronii and later ( Laurent 1964a) cited five specimens from Lunda Norte Province, Angola. Broadley (1959) recognized an intermediate form, A. b. bibronii x rostrata , with presumed extensive intergradation covering most of Zimbabwe ( Broadley 1991a). Currently, A. b. rostrata is considered a synonym of A. bibronii , although Nagy et al. (2005) noted that there is considerable intraspecific variation within Atractaspis bibronii , suggesting that several cryptic taxa are currently subsumed under this name. Spawls and Branch (1995) and Dobiey and Vogel (2007) considered Atractaspis bibronii limited to the western regions of Angola, from Luanda to Benguela Province, however, in addition to Laurent (1964a), the species was recently collected by Branch and Conradie (2015) in “Carumbo,” Lunda Norte Province.
Atractaspis boulengeri Mocquard, 1897 BOULENGER’S STILETTO SNAKE
Atractaspis Boulengeri Mocquard 1897a:54 View in CoL . Holotype: MNHN 1896.562 About MNHN (collector E. Haug). Type locality:
“les environs de Lambaréné, sur le bas Ogooué, Gabon ” [= Lambarébé, Moyen-Ogooué], Gabon. Atractaspis boulengeri mixta View in CoL : Manaças (1981:40). Atractaspis boulengeri View in CoL : Spawls and Branch (1995:32), Chippaux (2006:193), Dobiey and Vogel (2007:22),
Wallach et al. (2014:63).
Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated.
Global distribution: The species is known from across Central Africa from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ocurrences in Angola: The species presumably occurs in northwestern Angola, including the Cabinda enclave, Angola. There are no published records for this species for Angola, however Manaças (1981), Spawls and Branch (1995) and Dobiey and Vogel (2007) suggested its occurrence in northern Angola.
Taxonomic and distributional notes: Mocquard’s original description in the Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (1897a) was reprinted in Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris in the same year (1897b) ( Wallach et al. 2014).
Atractaspis congica Peters, 1877 CONGO STILETTO SNAKE
Atractaspis congica Peters 1877a:616 View in CoL , pl. Figs. 2, 2a–2c View FIGURE . Holotype: ZMB 8644 (collector F.W.A. von Mechow). Type locality: “Chinchoxo (Westafrika)” ( Peters 1877a:616) [= Chinchoxo, Cabinda encalve], Angola.
Atractaspis congica View in CoL : Peters (1881:150), Bocage (1887a:187, 1895a:142, 1897b:210), Ferreira (1904:116), Boulenger (1905:114), Schmidt (1933:15), Monard (1937b:141, 144), Themido (1941:11), Spawls and Branch (1995:33), Branch (1998:63), Broadley and Cotterill (2004:46), Broadley et al. (2003:83), Wallach et al. (2014:63).
Atractaspis aterrima View in CoL : Bocage (1873a:223), Boulenger (1915:223), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:624).
Atractaspis congica congica View in CoL : Hellmich (1957a:76, 1957b:76), Laurent (1950b:26), Manaças (1981:40), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:628).
Atractaspis congica orientalis View in CoL : Laurent (1964a:122-123), Manaças (1981:41), Broadley (1990:221).
Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated.
Global distribution: The species occurs from Cameroon through Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola and northern Zambia.
Ocurrences in Angola (Map 283): The species is widely distributed across much of
Angola. Cabinda: “Chinchoxo” [-5.10000,
12.10000] ( Peters 1877a:616; Bocage
1895a:142; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças
1981:40); “ Cabinda ” [-5.55000, 12.18333] GoogleMaps
(Manaças 1981:40). Lunda Sul: “Alto Cuílo”
[-10.01667, 19.55000] ( Laurent 1964a:123);
“Mutianvo” [-11.45000, 19.33333] ( Themido
1941:11). Moxico: “environs du lac Calundo
(arredores do Lago Calundo)” [-11.80000,
20.86667] ( Laurent 1964a:122; Manaças
1981:41). Malanje: “Duque de Bragança ”
[-9.10000, 15.95000] ( Boulenger 1905:114;
Laurent 1950b:27; Manaças 1981:40); “PungoAdongo” [-9.66667, 15.58333] ( Laurent
1950b:27; Manaças 1981:40). Kwanza Norte:
MAP 283. Distribution of Atractaspis congica in Angola. “Piri-Dembos” [-8.53333, 14.43333] ( Hellmich 1957b:76; Manaças 1981:40); “Golungo Alto” [-9.13333, 14.76667] ( Boulenger 1905:114; Ferreira 1906:169; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:27; Manaças 1981:40); “Cazengo” [-9.33333, 14.76667] ( Ferreira 1904:116; Monard 1937b:141). Bié: “Chitau” [-11.43333, 17.15000] ( Schmidt 1933:15; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40). Huambo: “Bimbi” [-11.81667, 15.83333] ( Monard 1937b:141, 144; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40); “Galanga” [-12.06667, 15.15000] ( Bocage 1895a:142; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40); “Bela Vista” [-12.56667, 16.21667] ( Hellmich 1957b:76; Manaças 1981:40). Benguela: “Quibula” [-12.28333, 14.68333] ( Bocage 1895a:142; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40); “Quindumbo” [-12.46667, 14.93333] ( Bocage 1895a:142; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40); “Entre Rios” [-13.01667, 14.63333] ( Hellmich 1957a:76); Manaças 1981:40); “Alto Cubal” [-13.03333, 14.25000] ( Hellmich 1957b:76; Manaças 1981:40); “Hanha” [-13.30000, 14.20000] ( Bocage 1897a:210; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40). Huíla: “Caconda” [-13.73333, 15.06667] ( Bocage 1895a:142; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:26; Manaças 1981:40); “Huíla” [-15.08333, 13.55000] ( Bocage 1873a:223, 1895a:142; Monard 1937b:141; Manaças 1981:40). Undetermined Locality: “Cuango” ( Peters 1881:150; Laurent 1950b:27; Manaças 1981:40) (Malanje Province impossible to georeference: See History Section for more detailed information).
Taxonomic and distributional notes: Laurent (1950b) noted that a subspecific distinction probably exists between populations separated by the Congo River, as there are considerable differeces in terms of dorsal and ventral scales between the Angolan populations and those from the north. This species is sympatric with the Reticulate Stiletto Snake, Atractaspis reticulata ( Sjöstedt, 1896) , in northern Angola and around the mouth of the Zaire River (Spawls and Branch 1995).
Atractaspis irregularis ( Reinhardt, 1843) VARIABLE STILETTO ASP View in CoL
Elaps irregularis Reinhardt 1843:264 , pl. 3, figs. 1–3. Holotype: ZMUC 6885 View Materials (collector J.R. Chenon). Type locality: “Guinea,” in error, “coast of Ghana ” fide Hughes and Barry (1969:1032), resticted to the “vicinity of Accra, Ghana ” by Rasmussen and Hughes (1997).
Atractaspis irregularis View in CoL : Günther (1865a:480), Peters (1877a:616), Bocage (1895a:143), Boulenger (1915:223), Monard (1937b:141), Frade (1963:253), Spawls and Branch (1995:36), Chippaux (2006:186), Wallach et al. (2014:65).
Atractaspis corpulentus View in CoL : Bocage (1866a:49).
Atractaspis irregularis parkeri View in CoL : Laurent (1950b:17), Manaças (1981:41), Chippaux (2006:186).
Atractaspis irregularis irregularis View in CoL : Chirio and LeBreton (2007:634).
Atractaspis irregularis View in CoL : Wallach et al. (2014:65).
Global conservation status (IUCN): Least Concern.
Global distribution: The species is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa from Sierra Leone to the Central African Republic to South Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia and south to Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola.
Ocurrences in Angola (Map 284): The species has been reported from the northwestern regions of the country, including the
Cabinda enclave. Cabinda: “Chinchoxo”
[-5.10000, 12.10000] ( Peters 1877a:616; Laurent 1950b:17; Manaças 1981:41); “Molembo”
[-5.33333, 12.20000] ( Bocage 1895a:143;
Monard 1937b:141; Manaças 1981:41). Zaire:
“ S. Salvador do Congo ” [-6.26667, 14.23333] GoogleMaps
( Bocage 1895a:143; Monard 1937b:141; Laurent 1950b:17; Manaças 1981:40). Malanje:
“Pungo Andongo” [-9.66667, 15.58333] ( Günther 1865a:480).
Taxonomic and distributional notes: In addition to the nominate form, which occurs in
Angola, four other subspecies are currently MAP 284. Distribution of Atractaspis irregularis in recognized. Angola.
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus Boulenger, 1901 RETICULATE STILETTO SNAKE View in CoL
Atractaspis heterochilus Boulenger 1901:13 View in CoL , pl. V, fig. 1. Type: MRAC 9321 View Materials (collector Capt. Hecq). Type locality: “des environs d’Albertville, sur le Tanganika” [= Kalemie, Tanganyika Province], Democratic
Republic of Congo. Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus View in CoL : Hellmich (1957b:77), Spawls and Branch (1995:39). Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus View in CoL ( Atractaspis heterochilus View in CoL ): Manaças (1981:42). Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus View in CoL : Chippaux (2006:192), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:636), Dobiey and Vogel
(2007:30). Atractaspis reticulata : Wallach et al. (2014:66).
Global conservation status (IUCN): Data Deficient. Global distribution: The subspecies is known from southern Cameroon, through Equatorial Guinea, Congo, large portions of the Democratic Republic of Congo to northwestern Angola, possibly including the Cabinda enclave.
Ocurrences in Angola ( Map 285 View MAP ): The species occurs in the northwestern regions of the country. Kwanza Norte: “Piri-Dembos” [-8.56667, 14.50000] ( Hellmich 1957b:77; Manaças 1981:42) GoogleMaps .
Taxonomic and distributional notes: Chippaux (2006, 2009) incorrectly placed the type locality of Atractaspis heterochilus in Tanzania. Dobiey and Vogel (2007) indicated a presumed range across northwestern Angola including Cabinda, but did not show its distribution as including the type locality of Albertville, or any ppart of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Angola was not included in the distribution as stated by Wallach et al. (2014).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Family |
Atractaspis Smith, 1849
Marques, Mariana P., Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Blackburn, David C. & Bauer, Aaron M. 2018 |
Atractaspis irregularis
WALLACH V., K. L. & WILLIAMS, AND & J. BOUNDY 2014: 65 |
Atractaspis congica orientalis
BROADLEY, D. G. 1990: 221 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1964: 122 |
Atractaspis bibronii bibronii
BROADLEY, D. G. 1990: 219 |
FITZSIMONS, V. F. 1962: 319 |
Atractaspis bibroni
BROADLEY, D. G. 1959: 72 |
Atractaspis congica congica
HELLMICH, W. 1957: 76 |
HELLMICH, W. 1957: 76 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1950: 26 |
Atractaspis bibroni rostrata
THYS VAN DEN AUDENAERDE, D. F. E. 1966: 36 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1964: 122 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1954: 62 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1950: 11 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1950: 33 |
Atractaspis irregularis parkeri
CHIPPAUX, J. - P. 2006: 186 |
LAURENT, R. F. 1950: 17 |
Atractaspis heterochilus
BOULENGER, G. A. 1901: 13 |
Atractaspis Boulengeri
MOCQUARD, M. F. 1897: 54 |
Atractaspis bibronii
CONRADIE, W. & W. R. BRANCH & G. WATSON 2015: 200 |
BATES, M. F. & W. R. BRANCH & A. M. BAUER & M. BURGER & J. MARAIS & G. J. ALEXANDER & M. S. DE VILLIERS 2014: 349 |
WALLACH V., K. L. & WILLIAMS, AND & J. BOUNDY 2014: 63 |
NAGY, Z. T. & N. VIDAL & M. VENCES & W. R. BRANCH & O. S. G. PAUWELS & M. WINK & U. JOGER 2005: 226 |
SPAWLS, S. & K. HOWELL & R. C. DREWES & J. ASHE 2004: 440 |
BROADLEY, D. G. 1991: 498 |
MERTENS, R. 1938: 442 |
MERTENS, R. 1937: 16 |
BOULENGER, G. A. 1915: 223 |
BOULENGER, G. A. 1896: 515 |
Atractaspis congica
WALLACH V., K. L. & WILLIAMS, AND & J. BOUNDY 2014: 63 |
BROADLEY, D. G. & C. T. DORIA & J. WIGGE 2003: 83 |
BRANCH, W. R. 1998: 63 |
THEMIDO, A. A. 1941: 11 |
MONARD, A. 1937: 141 |
SCHMIDT, K. P. 1933: 15 |
BOULENGER, G. A. 1905: 114 |
FERREIRA, J. B. 1904: 116 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1897: 210 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1895: 142 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1887: 187 |
PETERS, W. C. H. 1881: 150 |
Atractaspis congica
PETERS, W. C. H. 1877: 616 |
PETERS, W. C. H. 1877: 616 |
Atractaspis aterrima
BOULENGER, G. A. 1915: 223 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1873: 223 |
Atractaspis Bibroni
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1895: 141 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1870: 68 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1867: 227 |
Atractaspis corpulentus
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1866: 49 |
Atractaspis irregularis
WALLACH V., K. L. & WILLIAMS, AND & J. BOUNDY 2014: 65 |
CHIPPAUX, J. - P. 2006: 186 |
FRADE, F. 1963: 253 |
MONARD, A. 1937: 141 |
BOULENGER, G. A. 1915: 223 |
BOCAGE, J. V. B. 1895: 143 |
PETERS, W. C. H. 1877: 616 |
GUNTHER, A. C. L. G. 1865: 480 |
Elaps irregularis
REINHARDT, J. T. 1843: 264 |