Polydrepanum (Golovatch & Aswathy & Bhagirathan & Sudhikumar, 1932)

Golovatch, Sergei I., Aswathy, Mathilakath Dasan, Bhagirathan, Usha & Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2021, Review of the millipede tribe Polydrepanini, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Alogolykinae), Zootaxa 5068 (4), pp. 485-516 : 496-499

Revised diagnosis of Polydrepanum .

Gonofemorite elongate, slender and clearly twisted; solenophore mostly with a lateral lobe (lo) whose base on ventral side sometimes forming a protecting shield (lo) for the basal loop/curve of a long subflagelliform solenomere (sl). Distal half of solenophore elongate and unciform ( Figs 9–12 , 17–20 ).

Species included:

Polydrepanum tamilum Carl, 1932 (the type species),

Polydrepanum horridum Golovatch, 1984 ,

Polydrepanum granuliferum ( Attems, 1936) , comb. nov.,

Polydrepanum lamprum (Chamberlin, 1920) , comb. nov.

Gyrodrepanum Carl, 1932, with the single species, G. lamprum (Chamberlin, 1920) (= Orthomorpha lampra Chamberlin, 1920 , = Orthomorpha (Gyrodrepanum) bimontana Carl, 1932 ), described from Fiji and southern India ( Carl 1932; Jeekel 1972; Bano & Murthy 1997), seems to represent yet one more true Polydrepanum , because it likewise shows an elongate, slender and clearly twisted gonofemorite, three distofemoral processes (a, b and c), a curved solenophore (sph) and, above all, a flagelliform free solenomere (sl) with a distinct basal loop and a protecting lobe (lo), however small, to shield the loop on the lateral side ( Figs 46–50 ).

Hindomorpha Golovatch, 1984 , erected for Sundanina granulifera Attems, 1936 (= H. granulifera ( Attems, 1936)) as the type species ( Golovatch 1984), is actually another Polydrepanum , because it also shows an elongate, slender and clearly twisted gonofemorite, two distofemoral processes (a and b), a curved solenophore (sph) and, above all, a flagelliform free solenomere (sl) with a distinct basal loop and a protecting lobe (lo), however inconspicuous, to shield the loop on the lateral side ( Figs 44 , 45 ).

In other words, both Hindomorpha Golovatch, 1984 and Gyrodrepanum Carl, 1932 are new junior subjective synonyms of Polydrepanum Carl, 1932 , both syn. nov., and both P. granuliferum ( Attems, 1936) and P. lamprum (Chamberlin, 1920) are new combinations, comb. nov. ex Hindomorpha and Gyrodrepanum, respectively.

The following key can be proposed for the separation of Polydrepanum species. .

1(2) Meta- and paraterga very densely setose dorsally. Gonopods as in Figs 9–12.............................. P . horridum

2(1) A dense dorsal setation absent. Gonopods otherwise.......................................................... 3

3(4) Gonopodal femorite relatively stout, with a subquadrate protecting lobe (lo) above the basal loop (k) of a free solenomere (sl) ( Figs 17–20 )................................................................................. P. tamilum

4(3) Gonopodal femorite relatively long and slender, distofemoral outgrowths otherwise...............................… 5

5(6) Gonopod with two distofemoral spines (a and b), solenophore (sph) shorter ( Figs 52, 53 ). India............ P. granuliferum

6(5) Gonopod with three distinct distofemoral spines/processes (a, b and c), solenophore (sph) longer ( Figs 47–51 ). Native to India whence introduced to Fiji....................................................................... P. lamprum

Figures

FIGURES 9–12. Polydrepanum horridum Golovatch, 1984. Right gonopod, lateral, dorsal, mesal and ventral views, respectively.After Golovatch (1984). Abbreviations: a, apicolateral spine; k, basal loop of solenomere; lo, mesal lobe; sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Scale bar: 0.4 mm.

FIGURES 16–20. Polydrepanum tamilum Carl, 1932. 16. Male leg 2, lateral view. 17. Entire left gonopod, mesal view. 18. Distal half of left gonopod, lateral view. 19. Entire right gonopod, mesal view. 20. Distal half of right gonopod, sublateral view. 16–18: after Carl (1932); 19, 20: after Jeekel (1980b). Abbreviations: a and b, dorsal distofemoral processes; ad, adenostyle; lo, lateral protecting lobe/shield; k, basal loop of solenomere; sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Drawn not to scale.

FIGURES 45, 46. Dasypharkis rugulosa (Carl, 1932) (= Orthomorpha rugulosa Carl, 1932). Entire left (45) and right (46) gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively. After Jeekel (1980b). Abbreviations: a, lateral distofemoral spine; sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Drawn not to scale.

FIGURES 47–51. Polydrepanum lamprum (Chamberlin, 1920) (= Orthomorpha lampra Chamberlin, 1920). 47. Entire right gonopod, mesal view. 48, 49. Distal half of right gonopod, sublateral and mesal views, respectively. 50. Entire left gonopod, mesal view. 51. Distal half of left gonopod, ventral view. 47–49: after Jeekel (1972);: 50, 51: after Carl (1932). Abbreviations: a, mesal distofemoral spine; b, lateral distofemoral spine; c, ventromesal distofemoral process; k, basal loop of solenomere; lo, lateral protecting lobe; sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Drawn not to scale.

FIGURES 42–44. Delarthrum longisetum (Golovatch, 1994) (= Parorthomorpha longiseta Golovatch, 1994). 42. Entire left gonopod, mesal view. 43, 44. Distal half of left gonopod, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. After Golovatch (1994a). Abbreviations: sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 52, 53. Polydrepanum granuliferum (Attems, 1936) (= Sundanina granulifera Attems, 1936). Entire right gonopod, lateral and mesal views, respectively.After Golovatch (1984). Abbreviations: a, mesal distofemoral spine; b, lateral distofemoral spine; k, basal loop of solenomere; lo, lateral protecting lobe; sl, solenomere; sph, solenophore. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.