Diochus schaumii KRAATZ, 1860

Irmler, Ulrich, 2017, A review of the Neotropical genus Diochus ERICHSON, 1840 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1), pp. 1-62 : 30-32

Diochus schaumii KRAATZ, 1860

Figs 27A–C , 40D , 44E

Diochus schaumii KRAATZ, 1860: 27

Diochus vilis SHARP, 1885: 467 new synonymy

Type material examined: Lectotype: USA: male, Louisiana, coll. Kraatz ( SDEI).

Paralectotypes: female, America borealis D. schaumii ; female, Georgia, Gerh. ( SDEI) . Syntypes of D. vilis :

Guatemala: 1 male, 1 female, near the city, leg. Champion

( BMNH).

Further material examined: Mexico: San Luis Potosi, 14.4 km N Tamazunchale, Hwy. 85 100 m elevation, under bark, 2 males, 9.7.1990, leg. J.S. Ashe, K.J. Ahn, R. Leschen #31 (1 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; Chiapas, Parque Laguna Belgica, 19.3 km N Ocozocoautla , 970 m elevation, sifted deep rat litter in forest, female, 8.6.1991, leg. J. Ashe #77 ( KNHM) ; Unión Juárez, NE slope of Volcan Tacaná , 1630 m elev., 3 males, 1 female, 15.12.1975, leg. H. Frania #117-75 ( AMNH) ; same location, leaf litter under coffee, finca in Guat. , 2 females, 18.12.1976, leg. H. Frania & D. Proctor ( AMNH) ; R 1m of gorge, 2 mi S of Sumidero , 3 males, 4 females, 17.8.1966, leg. J. & W. Ivie (6 AMNH, 1 UIC) ; Tamaulipas, Cueva de los Cuarteles , 10 km SW Aldama, male, 11.1.1977, leg. J. Reddell & A. Grubbs ( AMNH) ; Najarit, San Blas, coco by roots of big tree, female, 11.8.1980, leg. L.E. Watrou, #8 ( AMNH) ; Jalisco, km 59 N of Barra de Navidad, on Rt 200 UNAM Field Station at Chamela , forest litter, Berlese , 150–300 ft., 5 males, 11 females, 4.– 7.4.1985, leg. R.T. Schuh, B.M. Massie (15 AMNH, 1 UIC) ; Hidalgo, Munic., Huejutla , Tulastitla (21°04.22'N, 98°32.49'W), leaf litter, 743 m elev., female, 15.10.2006, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; Veracruz, Cordoba , without further data, leg. Fenyes ( FMNH) ; Jalisco, E slope Nevado de Colima , 8000 ft., male, 21.9.1973, leg. A. Newton ( FMNH) ; Puerto Los Mazos, 10 mi. SW Autlán, 4400 ft. elev., Berlese , oak tropical decid. forest, 1 male, 3 females, 25.9.1973, leg. A. Newton ( FMNH) ; Guatemala: Baja Vera Paz, 16.5 km N, Salamá (15°14'N, 90°17.1'W), forest litter, Berlese, 1600 m elev., female, without date, leg. R. Anderson & J. Ashe #93-22*1 ( KNHM) ; Nicaragua: Granada Dept., Res. Nat. Volcan Mombacho , entrance rd. (11°50.05'N, 85°58.83'W), 1060 m elevation, flight intercept trap, male, 1.– 5.6.2002, leg. R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis #NIC1BFC02 188 ( KNHM) ; Rio San Juan Dept., 8 km SE El Castillo, Refugio Bartola (10°58.6'N, 84°20.4'W), rainforest litter, 30 m elev., 2 females, 24.– 31.5.2002, leg. R. Anderson # RSA 2002-031 ( KNHM) ; same location (10°58.4'N, 84°20.3'W), mercury vapor UV light, female, 30.5.2002, leg. R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis #NIC1BFC02 129 ( KNHM) ; Costa Rica: Park National Rincón de la Vieja, Circle path (10°46.31'N, 85°20.48'W), 790 m elevation, dry forest, 2 males, litter and fruits, sifted, 1 female, litter near creek, sifted, 5.12.2012, leg. M. Schülke (2 MSC, 1 UIC) ; Rincon de Vieja, Rd. Hacienda , Guachipilin> Santa Maria > Liberia (85°22.45'-20.02'W, 10°38.21'-45.10'N), 170–750 m elevation, car net, farmland & dry forest, female, 6.12.2012, leg. Schülke & Grünberg ( MSC) ; same location and same collectors, but 520–700 m elevation, 8 females, 4.12.2012 (7 MSC, 1 UIC) ; Puntarenas, Monte Verde , 1400 m elevation, collected by flight intercept trap, 3 males, 8 females, #174, from leaf litter & fruit fall, female, #031, 5.5.1989, collected by flight intercept trap, 1 male, 2 female, #311, 21.5.1989 ; moss covered rock, 1420 m elevation, male #187, 14.5.1889, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen (10 KNHM, 6 UIC) ; same location and same collectors, but Rio Guacimal , 1420 m elevation, male, #198, collected by washing biophytes on rocks, 3 females #202, 15.5.1989, (3 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; same location and same collectors, 1570 m elevation, collected by berlese method, female #325, 16.5.1989, leaf & bark litter, female #142, 11.5.1989, 1280 m elevation, 3 males, 1 female #197, 14.5.1989 ( KNHM) ; same location and same collectors, but Boehme house, collected by flight intercept trap, 1400 m elevation, male #146, 13.5.1989, ( KNHM) ; Rio San Luis (85°48'W, 10°17'N), 850 m elevation, moist forest, leaf litter sample, 2 males #2088-5, 18.5.1989. leg. J. Longino (1 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; Guanacaste, Cacao Biol. Station (85°27'W, 10°56'N), 1100–1200 m elevation, leaf litter, collected by berlese method, female, 4.5.1995, leg. R. Anderson ( KNHM) ; Guanacaste, Palo Verde Biological Station Sendero Natural La Venada (10°20.56'N, 85°19.53'W), 10 m elev., fogging fungus covered log, female, 16.7.2000, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin #CR1ABF00148 ( KNHM) ; San José, Rabo de Mico , 1800 m elev., male, 6.– 8.2.1943, leg. A. Bierig ( FMNH) ; Panama: Colon, Parque National Soberania, Pipeline Rd. km 8.8 (9°07'N, 79°45'W), Atta retuse pile, female, 20.5.1995, leg. J. Jolly, C. Chaboo ( KNHM) ; Veraguas Prov., Paris (80°53.2'W, 8°11.2'N), coastal swamp, sifted, 1 male, 8 females, 1.8.2014, leg. T. Struyve (5 TSC, 4 UIC) ; Canal Zone, 12 mi NW Gamboa, Rio Agua Salud , male, 19.2.1976, leg. A. Newton ( FMNH) ; Chiriqui Prov., Cerro Colorado , 1290 m elev. floor litter pocket nr. tree, 2 males, 10.1.1981, leg. W. Suter ( FMNH) ; Cuba: Aspiro , 4 males, 10.10.1935, leg. A. Bierig ( FMNH) ; same location, male, 10.1934, leg. A. Bierig ( AMNH) ; Sierra Rangel , 2 females, 5.1937, 12.1934, leg. A. Bierig ( FMNH) ; Habana-Veolado , female, 6.1930, leg. A. Bierig ( FMNH) ; Habana, El Bosque, female, 6.11.1938. leg. A. Bierig ( FMNH) ; Jamaica: Montego Bay , male, 21.5.1975, leg. D. Miller ( AMNH) ; Guadeloupe: without further date, 1 male, 1 female, coll. Plason ( FMNH) ; Gourbyre , without more data, 10 females ( AMNH) ; Dominica: Long Ditton , female, 21.6.1911 ( AMNH) ; Saint Vincent: male, leg. Smith ( NMW) ; Grenada: Belleview Est. ( Windward side), 1 male, 1 female, without date, leg. H.H. Smith ( FMNH) ; Vendome Est. ( Leeward side), male, leg. H.H. Smith ( NMW) ; Balthazar ( Windward side), 3 females, 1 male, leg. H.H. Smith ( NMW) ; female, without more data, leg. H.H. Smith ( NMW); Guyana: Essequibo Prov., Little Takutu River , at main road from logging compound, light trap, female, 15.8.1983, leg. K. Schmidt ( AMNH) ; French Guiana: Caussade (52°57'W, 5°10'N), car net, female, 7.11.2011, leg. T. Struyve ( TSC) ; Bolivia: Santa Cruz Dept., Saavedra Agr. Exp. St. , blacklight trap, 1 male, 4 females, 28.12.1959, leg. B. Cumming ( FMNH) ; Beni, Reyes , 20.12.1956, female, leg. L. Pena ( FMNH) ; Brazil: Ceará, Barbalha , at light, 3 males, 8 females, May 1969, leg. M. Alvarenga (10 AMNH, 1 UIC) ; Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá , without further data, male, ( FMNH) ; Santa Catarina, without further data, female, coll. K. Brancsik ( FMNH) ; Santa Catarina, Blumenau , 2 males, 1 female, leg. Reichensperger ( NMW) ; Paraguay: Dep. Central, Lambaré , 3 males, 10 females, 22.1.1991, female, 30.1.1991, leg. U. Drechsel (11 KNHM, 3 UIC) ; Dep. Guairá, Colonia Independencia , female, 30.12.1990, leg. U. Drechsel ( KNHM) ; Guairá, Calle Florida , collected at light, 3 females, 8.– 10.12.1994, 2 females, 6.1.1994, 1 female, 7.2.1994, leg. U. Drechsel ( KNHM) ; Guariá, Melgarejo, Tacuara Creek , gallery forest, collected by flight intercept trap, female, 11.12.1994, 2 females, flood detritus, 20.10.1994, leg. U. Drechsel ( KNHM) ; Dep. Misiones, Ayolas , female, 17.4.1990, leg. U. Drechsel ( KNHM) ; Alto Paraguay, Madrejon , collected at light, 5 males, 4 females 15. and 16.5.1995, leg. U. Drechsel (7 KNHM, 2 UIC) ; Boqueron, Transchaco Hwy. , km 430, collected at light, 1 male, 4 females, 19.– 28.4.1995, leg. U. Drechsel (4 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; Paraguari, Sapucai (56°55'W, 25°40'S), 190 m elevation, 1 male, 5 females, 4.– 8.2.1995, leg. U. Drechsel (5 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; Caninddeyu, Maracana , primary forest, collected at light, 1 male, 1 female, 24.– 30.1.1995, leg. U. Drechsel (1 KNHM, 1 UIC) ; Puerto Celia (?), without further data, 1 male, 1 female, leg. A. Porta, ( FMNH) ; without further data, male ( FMNH); Argentina: Arroyo de Zanjon, NNE San Pedro (24°07'S, 64°50'W), leaf litter, 460 m elev., 2 females, 11.11.1995, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; nr. Salta border, El Bananal (23°33'S, 64°31'W), 375 m elev., female, 13.11.1995, leg. L. Herman, ( AMNH) ; Catamarca Prov., S. of La Viña (28°03'S, 65°35'W), 610 m elev., 1 male, 11 females, 21.11.1995, leg. L. Herman #2893-28-96 (11 AMNH, 1 UIC) ; N of Belen, Rio Belen (27°37'S, 67°01.'W), 1335 m elev., female, 8.11.1995, leg. L. Herman #2847-2848 ( AMNH) ; 8 km W Londres (27°41'S, 67°12'W), 1480 m elev., female, 7.11.1995, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; San Luis Prov., Quebrada Lopez , 7 km S San Francisco de Monte de Oro (32°30.37'S, 66°07.46'W), litter near stream, 1000 m elev., 3 males, 2 females, 3.12.2000, leg. L. Herman (4 AMNH, 1 UIC) ; same region, Villa de la Quebrada (33°01.02'S, 66°17.14'W), 970 m elev., male, 3.12.2000, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; Juyuy Prov., Calilegua, Calilegua Nat. Pk. (23°40.41'S, 64°55.34'W), cloud forest leaf litter, 1640 m elev., 3 males, 7 females, 20.10.1994, leg. J.M. Carpenter & D. Agosti (9 AMNH, 2 UIC) ; La Roja Prov., 10 km W Olta, Rio Olta (30°33.32'S, 66°21.11'W), litter, 750 m elev., male, 14.12.2000, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; Salta Prov., 3 km W Baños (25°50'S, 64°56'W), 790 m elev., leaf litter, female, 19.11.1995, leg. L. Herman #2882-2883 ( AMNH) ; San Juan Prov., N. Astica, Las Tumanas (30°52'S, 67°21'W), litter near stream, 780 m elev., 2 females, 4.– 5.11.1995, leg. L. Herman ( AMNH) ; Buenos Aires, 1 female, August 1920, leg. F. Schade ( NMW) ; Buenos Aires, 1 female, 10.3.1899, leg .

C. Bruch ( NMW).

Diagnosis: D. schaumii seems to be the most widely distributed species of the genus Diochus in the Neotropic and Nearctic region. It is known from USA up to the region of New York in the North to Argentina in the South. It is characterised by the small head and the slightly widened apex of the paramere. The small head is also found in D. argentinae . Differences to this species are noted there.

Description: Length: 4.1–4.2 mm. Colouration: dark brown; pronotum and posterior margin of elytra light brown; legs and antennae dark yellow with antennomeres three to eleven darker.

Head: 0.52 mm long, 0.41 mm wide; eyes large and slightly prominent; temples nearly twice as long as eyes; EL: HL = 0.27; temples nearly parallel; PW: EW = 1.06; posterior angles widely rounded to neck; neck one third as wide as width of head; setiferous punctation deep; adjacent to impunctate midline with posteriorly divergent line of punctures; lateral to medial line with several irregularly large punctures, partly forming irregular lines; postocular area more densely punctate; extremely weak microsculpture with narrow transverse meshes; surface slightly shiny.

Antennae as long as head and one third of pronotum combined; conical antennomeres one to three distinctly elongate; length slightly decreasing from one to three; at least twice as long as apical width of each antennomere; following antennomeres shorter and of decreasing length; fourth antennomere one third longer than wide; tenth nearly quadrate; all antennomeres pubescent; basal antennomeres with moderately long apical setae.

Pronotum: 0.72 mm long, 0.56 mm wide; sides slightly divergent posteriad; lateral margin fine; in dorsal aspect only visible in posterior third; anterior and posterior angles widely rounded; setiferous punctation moderately deep; row of three punctures adjacent to impunctate midline; interstice between apical pair of punctures slightly more than twice as wide as between posterior pairs of punctures; laterad with few punctures; number of punctures irregular; varying between two and five; surface polished without microsculpture.

Elytra: 0.72 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; slightly divergent to posterior margin; shoulders distinct, but obtusely angled; posterior margin slightly concave; disc with four irregular rows of setiferous punctures; with weakly coriaceous ground sculpture; surface slightly shiny.

Abdomen densely pubescent.

Aedeagus elongate; seminal vesical of endophallus three third as long as central lobe; basal inner duct looped; apically with irregular forceps; paramere nearly as long as central lobe; paramere elongate; apex shortly widened to spoon-shaped expansion with pair of two setae on one side and one seta on other side.

Spermatheca 0.25 mm long, 0.16 mm wide; bursa copulatrix in lateral position to coiled duct; coiled duct with numerous partly irregular coils.

Figures

Figs 44: Fore-bodies of Diochus pumilio (A), D. panamaensis (B), D. angustiformis (C), D. brunneus (D), D. schaumii (E), D. argen-

Figs 26–29: Diochus maculicollis group: D. panamensis (26), and Diochus schaumii-group D. schaumii (27), D. angusti-

Fig. 40: Spermatheca of Diochus schaumii-group: Diochus argentinae (A), D. brunneus (B), D. curtipennis (C), D. schaumii (D), D. verhaaghi-group: D. verhaaghi (E), D. santacatarinae (F), D. nanus-group: D. perplexus (G), D. parvulus (H), D. nanus (I), D. apicipennis (J), D. formicetorum (K); scale bar: 0.1 mm.