Sisyrina fashengi, Yang & Liu, 2021

Yang, Ying & Liu, Xingyue, 2021, New spongillaflies of the genus Sisyrina Banks, 1939 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Oriental faunal region, Zootaxa 5052 (4), pp. 552-566 : 553-557

Sisyrina fashengi sp. nov.

( Figs. 1–4 )

Diagnosis. The new species is characterized by the antenna with scape and pedicel brown and the remaining distal segments pale yellow ( Fig. 1B ), the forewing with the distance between each crossvein of RP area and the forking point of each RP branch it connects about twice as long as the length of corresponding marginal RP fork ( Fig. 2A ), the male gonocoxite 9 short and ovoid with gonostylus 9 directed medially ( Fig. 3 ), the female tergum 9 with dorsal margin nearly as long as posterodorsal margin, and the female gonocoxite 9 nearly four times as long as wide ( Fig. 4D–E ).

Description. Male. Body length 2.2–2.8 mm; forewing length 2.7–3.2 mm and width 1.1–1.3 mm; hindwing length 2.4–2.9 mm and width 1.0– 1.3 mm.

Body brown. Head ( Fig. 1 ) mostly brown, covered by many long setae; vertex with lateral and posterior margins, as well as along anterior part of ecdysial suture paler; compound eyes prominent and black. Scape brown, densely covered by long, stiff setae, swollen medially, about twice as long as wide; pedicel brown, slightly longer than flagellomere; 32–34 flagellomeres, pale yellow, each covered by many long setae; terminal flagellomere narrow distally, bullet-shaped. Maxillary and labial palpi brown; terminal segment of maxillary palpus triangular in lateral view, broadest at base, tapering distally.

Thorax brown, covered by many long setae. Legs slender and pale yellow, meso- and metacoxae brown; densely covered by long setae; tarsomere 1 equal to combined length of tarsomeres 2-4; pretarsal claws simple; arolium present.

Forewing ( Fig. 2A ) oval, distally rounded; trichosors present along distal margin; distinct dark longitudinal stripes present among longitudinal veins; most crossveins with brown shadings except basal ones; most forking points of longitudinal veins with brown shadings; pterostigma indistinct, brownish, with indistinctive crossveins; costal area with eight to ten crossveins proximad pterostigma; two scp-ra crossveins present basally and distally; ScP weakened distally, not running into RA; RP with three main branches; three ra-rp crossveins; MA dichotomously branched distally; two rp-ma crossveins present; MP branched into MP1 and MP2, both branches bifurcated or trifurcated; two ma-mp, one mp1-mp2 present; CuA with four to five pectinate and simple branches; three mp-cua crossveins; CuP and A1 simple; A2 distally bifurcated; one cua-cup, one cup-a1 present; seven subapical gradates with each interrupted centrally by a rounded hyaline spot except anterior-most one and posterior-most one (3mp-cua similarly interrupted on left forewing of holotype); distance between each crossvein of RP area and forking point of each RP branch it connects to about twice as long as corresponding marginal RP fork; 2rp-ma, 2ma-mp and mp1- mp2 crossveins respectively connecting stem of MA, MP1 and MP2.

Hindwing ( Fig. 2B ) oval, distally rounded; trichosors present along distal margin; most crossveins with pale brown shadings except basal ones; pterostigma indistinct, brownish, with indistinctive crossveins; costal area with six to nine crossveins proximad pterostigma; one scp-ra crossveins present distally; ScP weakened distally, not running into RA; RP with three main branches; two ra-rp crossveins; MA dichotomously branched distally; one rpma crossvein present; MP branched into MP1 and MP2, both branches distally bifurcated or trifurcated; two ma-mp and one mp1-mp2 crossveins present; CuA with four to five pectinate and simple branches; one mp-cua crossvein; CuP, A1 and A2 simple; one a1-a2 crossvein present; seven subapical gradates with each interrupted centrally by a rounded hyaline spot except anterior-most one and posterior-most one, basal ma-mp crossvein similarly interrupted.

Abdomen ( Fig. 3 ) yellowish brown; pregenital segment with small tergum and larger sternum, covered by many long setae. Sternum 9 nearly rectangular in lateral view and bow-shaped in caudal view, slightly longer than ectoprocts, densely covered by long setae. Gonocoxite 9 short, ovoid, much more sclerotized on lateral portion than other genital sclerites, densely covered by long setae; gonostylus 9 straightly directed medially and acutely pointed at tip. Gonocoxites 11 arcuate, lateral ending slightly concaved in lateral view; gonostylus 11 paired, arched, surrounding base of gonocoxite 9, medially broadened and distinctly sclerotized, ventrally with several setae. Ectoprocts densely covered by long setae, posteromedially concaved to its half-length, tapering ventrally and rounded distally; callus cerci with four to five trichobothria. Hypandrium composed of a pair of broadly subtriangular lobes, V-shaped in dorsal and ventral view.

Female. Morphology mostly similar to male. Body length 1.9–3.0 mm; forewing length 2.8–3.5 mm and width 1.1–1.4 mm; hindwing length 2.4–2.9 mm and width 1.0– 1.2 mm.Abdomen ( Fig. 4C–E ) yellowish brown; pregenital segment with small tergum and larger sternum, covered by many long setae. Tergum 8 covered by many short setae; dorsally separated, dorsolaterally broadened, surrounding spiracle; ventrolaterally narrowed and extending ventrad. Gonocoxites 8 fused into a small sclerite that is concaved posteriorly. Tergum 9 densely covered by short setae, nearly pentagonal, nearly as long as wide, dorsal margin nearly as long as posterodorsal margin; anterodorsal corner weakly sclerotized. Gonocoxite 9 densely covered by short setae, slightly curved distally, nearly four times as long as wide. Ectoprocts densely covered by long setae; posteroventrally tapering and posteromedially concaved to its 2/3 length; callus cerci with 4–5 trichobothria.

Type materials. Holotype ♂, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Zhubu , Nonggang , Nonggang Wild Station of Nonggang National Nature Reserve [22°28′N, 106°57′E], 180 m, light trap, 5.VI.2021, Yan Lai, Ying Yang ( CAU) . Paratypes: 1♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Zhubu , Nonggang , Nonggang National Nature Reserve [22°28′N, 106°57′E], 180 m, light trap, 3.VI.2021, Yan Lai, Ying Yang ( CAU) ; 2♂ 1♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Zhubu , Nonggang , Nonggang Wild Station of Nonggang National Nature Reserve [22°28′N, 106°57′E], 180 m, light trap, 5.VI.2021, Yan Lai, Ying Yang ( CAU) ; 1♂, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming, Tuolong , Yaoda , Longrui Wild Station of Nonggang National Nature Reserve [22°15′N, 107°2′E], 110 m, 6.VI.2021, Yan Lai, Ying Yang ( CAU) ; 2♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming, Tuolong , Yaoda , Longrui Wild Station of Nonggang National Nature Reserve [22°13′N, 107°2′E], 120 m, 7.VI.2021, light trap, Yan Lai, Ying Yang ( CAU) ; 1♂, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Daxin, Shuolong , Detian , Detian Waterfall [22°85′N, 106°72′E], 5.VI.2021, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) ; 11♂ 7♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming [22°43′N, 106°64′E], 19.Ⅴ.1984, Fasheng Li ( CAU) ; 2♂ 1♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming [22°43′N, 106°64′E], 20.Ⅴ.1984, Fasheng Li ( CAU) ; 1♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming [22°43′N, 106°64′E], 21.Ⅴ.1984, Fasheng Li ( CAU) ; 1♀, China: Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming [22°43′N, 106°64′E], 25.Ⅴ.1984., Fasheng Li ( CAU) ; 3♂ 7♀, China, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Ningming, Longrui Nature Reserve [22°14′N, 107°6′E], 20.Ⅴ.1984, Fasheng Li ( CAU) ; 1♂, Laos: Xaignabouri, near Hatdai [18°29′N, 101°28′E], 250 m, 26.III.2016, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) .

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Prof. Fasheng Li, who collected valuable lacewing specimens from China during the past several decades, including some specimens of this new species.

Distribution. China (Guangxi); Laos (Xaignabouri).

Remarks. This new species can be easily differentiated from S. nirvana , S. tropica and S. qiong by the color of the antenna and genital characters. In S. fashengi sp. nov., the antenna has only basal two segments darker than remaining part, the male gonocoxite 9 is short and ovoid, and the female tergum 9 is nearly as long as wide. While in the latter three species, the antenna has the basal seven to eight segments darker than remaining part, the male gonocoxite 9 is subcylindrical ( S. nirvana and S. tropica ) or board basally and rod-shaped distally ( S. qiong ), and the female tergum 9 is much longer than wide (the female of S. qiong is unknown).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Sisyrina fashengi sp. nov., holotype, male.A. Photograph of head, dorsal view; B. Habitus photograph, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 2. Photograph of fore- and hindwing of Sisyrina fashengi sp. nov., holotype, male. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3. Sisyrina fashengi sp. nov., holotype, male. A–B. Genitalia, lateral view (left: photograph; right: drawing); C–D. Same, dorsal view (left: photograph; right: drawing); E–F. Same, caudal view (left: photograph; right: drawing). S: sternum; T: tergum; cc: callus cerci; ect: ectoprocts; gst: gonostylus; gx: gonocoxite; hyp: hypandrium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Sisyrina fashengi sp. nov., paratype, female. A. Habitus photograph, lateral view; B. Photograph of head, dorsal view; C. Photograph of genitalia, dorsal view; D. Photograph of genitalia, lateral view; E. drawing of genitalia, lateral view. S: sternum; T: tergum; cc: callus cerci; ect: ectoprocts; gst: gonostylus; gx: gonocoxite. Scale bar =1.0 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (C–E).