Onomastus nigricauda, SIMON, 1900

Benjamin, Suresh P., 2010, Revision and cladistic analysis of the jumping spider genus Onomastus (Araneae: Salticidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3), pp. 711-745 : 729-733

ONOMASTUS NIGRICAUDA SIMON, 1900

( FIGS 8A–D , 9A–B , 10A–E , 11A–G , 12A–C , 13A–B )

Onomastus nigricauda Simon, 1900: 29 . ♂ lectotype and 2♀ from Sri Lanka, Galle , in MNHN (20404/ 1-3), examined.

Onomastus nigricauda Simon, 1901: 400 , fig. 398.

Onomastus nigricauda Wanless, 1980: 181 , fig. 1A–G. Initial description of the female and designation of types.

Diagnosis: Males are readily separated from O. patellari s and O. indra by the absence of TA2. Separated from O. complexipalpis , O. kanoi , O. kaharian , and O. nigrimaculatus by the filiform conductor. Separated from O. pethiyagodai and O. quinquenotatus by the shape of the MA. Onomastus nigricauda seems to be most closely related to O. rattotensis , but may be separated by the large partly pleated MA in O. rattotensis ( Figs 27A , 28A–C ).

Male (from Bodinagala): Total length: 3.0; prosoma length: 1.5, width: 1.1. Leg I: femur 1.4, patella 0.4, tibia 1.5, metatarsus 0.9, tarsus 0.5. The spiders are green in nature. They turn whitish to pale yellow in alcohol. Prosoma oval, longer than wide. Opisthosoma longer than wide, lighter in colour. Leg I yellowish brown, leg II–IV light yellow. Legs are laterally without dark markings. All eyes except AME surrounded by dark rings. Chelicerae are yellow, with seven retromarginal and three promarginal teeth. Leg formula 1432. Leg spination, metatarsus D 1-0-0, V 2-2-2; tibia D 0-0-1, P 1-0-0, V 4-4-2, R 1-0-0; patella D 0-1-0; femur D 2-1-0, P 0-0-1, R 0-0-1. Palp: ( Figs 9A–B , 10C , 11A–E , 12A–C , 13A–B ). Tegulum as in Figure 9A , projecting outwards, path of sperm duct with two loops as in

Figure 9A and B , embolus as in Figure 9A. A detailed description of the male lectotype is also provided by Wanless (1980b).

Female (from Bodinagala): Total length: 4.0; prosoma length: 1.5, width: 1.2. Leg 1: femur 1.4, patella 0.5, tibia 1.5, metatarsus 1.1, tarsus 0.5. Morphology as above, except for the lighter coloured prosoma and opisthosoma. Leg spination, metatarsus V 4-2-2, P 1-0-0, R 1-0-0; tibia D 1-1-0, V 4-4-2; patella P 1-0-0, R 1-0-0; femur D 1-1-1, P 0-0-1, R 0-0-1. Epigynum and vulva as in Figures 10B–E and 11F–G. A detailed description of the female is provided by Wanless (1980b).

Variation: The male specimen from Morningside has a bifurcate MA in which both branches taper towards the end. Live male spiders of O. nigricauda from Bodinagala tend to also have a much darker palp than that of Morningside.

Distribution: Endemic to Sri Lanka; Bodinagala forest reserve is a remaining fragment of the once vast rain forest that covered the south-west of the island. It is not far from the type locality, Galle.

Other material examined: SRI LANKA: Western province, Kalutara district, Horane, Bodinagala , 19.vii.1996, 1♂ 2♀, leg. Suresh. P. Benjamin. Same locality, 10.ii.2007, 5♂ 6♀, leg. Suresh. P. Benjamin and Ziyard Jaleel. Sabaragamuwa province, Ratnapura District, Morningside section. In primary forest, 23.ii.2007, 1♂, leg. Suresh P. Benjamin and Ziyard Jaleel. All specimens deposited in MHNG .

ONOMASTUS NIGRIMACULATUS ZHANG & LI, 2005

( FIGS 14A–F , 15A–B , 16A–E )

Holotype: Male from China, Mingfeng Valley, Jianfengling National Park , Hainan Province. Deposited in the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (ZRC- ARA-494). As this species was adequately illustrated in its original description, I have not examined any type material.

Diagnosis: Males of O. nigrimaculatus are readily separated from those of O. patellari s and O. indra by the absence of TA2. Separated from O. rattotensis , O. nigricauda , O. quinquenotatus , and O. pethiyagodai by the presence of a broad conductor and chiselshaped MA. Separated from O. complexipalpis , O. kanoi , and O. kaharian by the chisel-shaped MA and details of C. Female O. nigrimaculatus could be separated from all other Onomastus by the combined presence of C-shaped epigynal fold and lack of CD.

C D E

Male: Total length: 4.0; prosoma length: 1.8, width: 1.3. Leg I: femur 1.4, patella 0.5, tibia 1.7, metatarsus 1.4, tarsus 0.8. Prosoma oval, almost as wide as long, laterals with a faint black border. Opisthosoma oval, longer than wide, lighter in colour, four to six dark black spots on dorsum. Legs light yellow, leg 1 laterally with dark black spots, legs II–IV do not have similar spots. All eyes except AME surrounded by dark rings. Chelicerae with pro- and retromarginal teeth, number not examined. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination: leg 1: metatarsus D 1-0-0, V 2-2-2; tibia D 1-0-1, V 2-4-2, P 1-0-0, R 1-0-0; patella D 1-0-0, V 1-0-0; femur D 1-1-2, P 0-0-1, R 0-0-1. Palp as in Figures 14A–F , 15A–C , 16A–B .

Female: Total length: 5.0; prosoma length: 2.2, width: 1.5. Leg 1: femur 2.0, patella 0.7, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 1.5, tarsus 0.6. Morphology as above. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination: leg 1: metatarsus V 2-2-2, P

REVISION AND CLADISTICS OF ONOMASTUS 733

1-0-0, R 1-0-0; tibia D 1-0-0, V 2-2-2; Patella D 1-0-0, P 0-1-0, R 0-1-0. Epigynum and vulva as in Figure 16C–E .

Distribution: Hainan province, China ( Zhang & Li, 2005) and primary rain forest of the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

Other material examined: Thailand, Khao Yai N.P, 3–7.iii.1986, leg. CL and PR Deeleman, 4♂. Same locality as above, 23.x.1985, leg. PR Deeleman, 4♀. Same locality, 5.x.1987, leg. CL and PR Deeleman, 1♂ 1♀. Same locality, 19–24.x.1985, leg. CL and PR Deelema, 4♀. All specimens deposited in RMNH .

ONOMASTUS PATELLARI S SIMON, 1900

( FIG. 17A–C )

Onomastus patellari s Simon, 1900: 29. Lectotype: Single male from India, Kodaikanal, MNHN 14858, examined.

Diagnosis: Separated from all other species of Onomastus except O. indra by the presence of TA 2 in male palps ( Fig. 17A ). TA1 and TA 2 in O. patellari s are filiform. Further, the end of TA2 is in the shape of an upward hook in O. patellari s ( Fig. 17A ).

Description: See Wanless (1980b).

Distribution: India, Madras, Kodaikanal. Probably endemic to India.

Other material examined: Four ♀ from India, Trichinopoly, leg. R. P. Malat, MNHN 14898 .

Figures

Figure 8. Photographs of live Onomastus nigricauda from Bodinagala, Sri Lanka (MHNG). A, B, male. C, D, female.

Figure 9. Onomastus nigricauda from Bodinagala (MHNG). A, expanded left male palp, prolateral view. B, ditto, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; E, embolus; EP, embolic base; MA, median apophysis; PA, patella apophysis; PT, patella; ST, subtegulum; T, tibia; TA1, tegular apophysis 1; TA3, tegular apophysis 3. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figure 10. Onomastus nigricauda. A, male lectotype (MNHN 20404/1-3), right palp, ventral view. B, female (found in the same vial as the lectotype). C, female from Bodinagala, epigynum, ventral view. D, ditto, vulva, ventral view. E, ditto, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CO, copulatory opening; CY, cymbium; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; PA, patella apophysis; S, spermatheca; TA1, tegular apophysis 1; TA3, tegular apophysis 3. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (C), 0.2 mm (A, B, D, E).

Figure 11. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus nigricauda from Bodinagala (MHNG). A, left male palp, prolateral view. B, D, ditto, ventral view. C, E, ditto, retrolateral view. F, G, epigynum, ventral view. Note the mating plug in F and G. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CO, copulatory opening; MA, median apophysis; MAP, mesal branch of MA; MP, mate plug. Scale bars = 10 Mm (G), 100 Mm (A–F).

Figure 12. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus nigricauda from Bodinagala (MHNG). A, profile of MA. B, ditto, detail. C, profile of TA1. Scale bars = 5 Mm (B), 10 Mm (A, C).

Figure 13. Onomastus nigricauda from Morningside (MHNG). A, left male palp, ventral view. B, ditto, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus nigrimaculatus from Thailand (RMNH). A, D, left male palp, prolateral view. B, E, F, ditto, ventral view. C, ditto, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PA, patella apophysis; TA1, tegular apophysis 1. Scale bars = 10 Mm (E), 30 Mm (D), 100 Mm (A–C, F).

Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus nigrimaculatus from Thailand (RMNH). A, profile of MA and C, retrolateral view. B, ditto, retrolateral-apical view. C, serrated setae of the cymbium, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis. Scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 16. Onomastus nigrimaculatus from Thailand (RMNH). A, left male palp, ventral view. B, ditto, retrolateral view. C, female from the same locality, epigynum, ventral view. D, ditto, vulva, ventral view. E, ditto, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (C–E), 0.5 mm (A, B).

Figure 17. Onomastus patellaris from Kodaikanal, India (MNHN 14858). A, left male palp, ventral view. B, MA, ventral view. C, epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PA, patella apophysis; PT, patella; TA1, tegular apophysis 1; TA2, tegular apophysis 2. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (B), 0.2 mm (C) 0.4 mm (A).

Figure 27. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus rattotensis sp. nov. from Rattota, Sri Lanka (MHNG). A, left male palp, retrolateral view. B, ditto, retrolateral view. C, ditto, prolateral view. D, female tracheal system, dorsal view. E, ditto, detail. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MAP, mesal branch of MA; TA1, tegular apophysis 1; TA3, tegular apophysis 3. Scale bars = 100 Mm. The arrow points to the tracheae, which enter the prosoma.

Figure 28. Scanning electron micrographs of Onomastus rattotensis sp. nov. from Rattota, Sri Lanka (MHNG). A, left male palp, ventral view. B, MA and C, ventral view. C, F, MA tip, ventral view. D, profile of TA3, ventral view. E, profile of C tip, ventral view. G, serrated setae of the cymbium. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CY, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MAP, mesal branch of MA; PA, patella apophysis; TA1, tegular apophysis 1; TA3, tegular apophysis 3. Scale bars = 10 Mm (B, E, F, G), 20 Mm (C, D), 100 Mm (A).