Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2016, A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 4210 (1), pp. 1-178 : 115-120

Genus Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852

Type species (subsequent designation by Cotton, 1945): Conus radiatus Gmelin, 1791 . Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Note. Tucker & Tenorio (2009) gave only a brief description of Phasmoconus , stating that the shell was elongated and subcylindrical in shape with angulate shoulders. The protoconch is usually multispiral, but rarely paucispiral. The anal notch is shallow, and an anterior notch is either slight or absent. In addition, we notice that tuberculate early whorls are not rare in the genus. Puillandre et al. (2014a, b) accepted Phasmoconus as a subgenus of Conus and listed Fulgiconus da Motta, 1991 , Graphiconus da Motta, 1991 , Thoraconus da Motta, 1991 and Nimboconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 as subjective synonyms.

corđs, SCES = spiral corđs only on early spire whorls, FS = faint striae, US = unđulating suture, CW = concave spire whorls, T = tuberculate, BLW = beađs on last whorl;

subsutural flexure ( SSF): SSFD = đepth, SSFđ = relative đepth, PV = position of the vertex; MH = međium height, MW = međium wiđth, SA = spire angle, LWA = angle of

last whorl, LW = length wiđth ratio, RD = relative điameter, PMD = position of maximum điameter, RSH = relative height of spire).

. Genus Species SC SCES FS US CW T BLW SSFD SSFd PV Artemidiconus granularis 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4.70 5.45 0.81 Conasprella berwerthi 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2.28 4.73 0.41 Conasprella minutissima 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2.22 4.07 0.44 Conilithes allioni 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1.75 3.56 0.43 Conilithes antidiluvianus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1.52 2.36 0.44 Conilithes brezinae 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1.45 2.95 0.53 Conilithes eichwaldi 0 0 1 0 0 1 0???

Conilithes exaltatus 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1.68 3.04 0.53 Conilithes sceptophorus 0? 0 0 1 1 0???

Conus s.l. vindobonensis 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.55 5.17 0.43 Conus s.l. johannae 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3.05 6.18 0.54 Conus s.l. posticestriatus 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3.55 4.95 0.71 Conus s.l. sturi 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2.04 4.98 0.36 Conus s.l. mucronatolaevis 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2.75 6.85 0.53 Conus s. l. olivaeformis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2.73 6.25 0.55 Conus s. l. praelongus 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2.91 6.74 0.55 Conus s.l. argillicola 1 1 0 0 0 1 0???

Kalloconus berghausi 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3.24 5.48 0.47 Kalloconus hendricksi 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.76 5.59 0.50 Kalloconus cacellensis 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4.02 13.75 0.41 Kalloconus tietzei 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.85 5.80 0.32 Kalloconus gallicus 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1.96 5.03 0.50 Kalloconus hungaricus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.94 5.67 0.42 Kalloconus letkesensis 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2.01 4.53 0.33 ……continued on the next page. Genus Species SC SCES FS US CW T BLW SSFD SSFd PV ……continued on the next page

. Genus Species SC SCES FS US CW T BLW SSFD SSFd PV ……continued on the next page

. Genus Species MH MW SA LWA LW RD PMD RSH Artemidiconus granularis 13.60 7.20 68.00 41.00 1.90 0.74 0.90 0.29 Conasprella berwerthi 21.10 10.20 78.00 32.30 2.10 0.60 0.90 0.20 Conasprella minutissima 10.40 5.10 63.20 32.40 2.04 0.68 0.81 0.28 Conilithes allioni 23.90 12.70 100.10 33.70 1.89 0.66 0.90 0.21 Conilithes antidiluvianus 59.20 21.80 61.40 29.40 2.69 0.52 0.88 0.27 Conilithes brezinae 32.80 14.30 58.40 32.70 2.30 0.63 0.90 0.31 Conilithes eichwaldi 15.00 7.00 65.00 36.50???? Conilithes exaltatus 40.80 16.40 59.70 30.90 2.50 0.56 0.90 0.29 Conilithes sceptophorus 13.50 6.60 68.00 44.00 2.05 0.70 0.89 0.30 Conus s.l. vindobonensis 51.9 27.20 98.30 35.10 1.91 0.63 0.89 0.17 Conus s.l. johannae 74.25 38.75 94.00 32.50 1.92 0.64 0.90 0.19 Conus s.l. posticestriatus 50.10 26.10 80.00 37.00 1.90 0.65 0.86 0.20 Conus s.l. sturi 41.30 18.30 89.80 30.50 2.30 0.55 0.89 0.19 Conus s.l. mucronatolaevis 50.90 26.80 98.80 36.00 1.89 0.64 0.85 0.18 Conus s. l. olivaeformis 22.30 11.20 87.70 36.60 2.00 0.60 0.87 0.16 Conus s. l. praelongus 33.70 14.90 71.50 33.80 2.30 0.58 0.87 0.23 Conus s.l. argillicola ???????? Kalloconus berghausi 35.00 24.30 128.00 40.10 1.40 0.75 0.87 0.08 Kalloconus hendricksi 22.60 14.40 128.30 39.90 1.60 0.70 0.90 0.09 Kalloconus cacellensis 70.30 43.60 130.00 30.00 1.61 0.69 0.93 0.10 Kalloconus tietzei 62.10 41.20 141.00 41.00 1.51 0.72 0.85 0.08 Kalloconus gallicus 50.10 31.90 123.00 37.00 1.57 0.73 0.90 0.12 Kalloconus hungaricus 62.00 44.20 141.60 43.30 1.41 0.76 0.89 0.07 Kalloconus letkesensis 33.80 22.30 138.50 41.50 1.52 0.73 0.87 0.10 Kalloconus moravicus 39.40 26.20 132.10 37.90 1.50 0.72 0.91 0.08 Kalloconus neumayri 28.80 18.50 128.10 37.90 1.60 0.71 0.91 0.09 ……continued on the next page. Genus Species MH MW SA LWA LW RD PMD RSH Kalloconus ponderoaustriacus 49.80 27.60 115.20 34.60 1.80 0.64 0.90 0.10 Kalloconus ponderovagus 48.60 31.40 106.10 38.20 1.55 0.76 0.89 0.14 Kalloconus pseudohungaricus 52.40 35.60 134.70 40.50 1.47 0.74 0.90 0.08 Kalloconus tschermaki 62.70 36.80 108.30 38.50 1.70 0.70 0.93 0.16 Kalloconus voeslauensis 50.20 31.20 118.80 38.90 1.60 0.71 0.87 0.12 Lautoconus andreei ? 39.50?????? Lautoconus eschewegi 37.40 20.80 113.30 37.00 1.80 0.63 0.86 0.12 Lautoconus ex. gr. bitorosus 55.30 31.90 130.00 37.00 1.73 0.65 0.81 0.11 Lautoconus kovacsi 18.60 11.40 102.00 42.30 1.64 0.74 0.80 0.17 Lautoconus magnolapugyensis 64.30 42.50 134.30 43.70 1.51 0.74 0.90 0.11 Lautoconus miovoeslauensis 51.20 30.40 121.90 38.70 1.69 0.68 0.86 0.12 Lautoconus pelagicus 57.60 28.20 83.30 33.30 2.09 0.58 0.88 0.17 Lautoconus pestensis 22.30 12.90 116.60 37.30 1.70 0.67 0.83 0.13 Lautoconus ponderosus 76.30 42.30 100.00 36.00 1.81 0.67 0.91 0.17 Lautoconus pseudoponderosus ???????? Lautoconus quaggaoides 24.20 14.60 122.8 41.00 1.66 0.69 0.84 0.12 Lautoconus rotundus 38.15 22.75 127.00 37.00 1.68 0.67 0.90 0.11 Lautoconus steinabrunnensis 51.80 28.20 101.10 35.30 1.80 0.65 0.88 0.17 Lautoconus steindachneri 46.40 29.40 116.90 37.50 1.58 0.72 0.89 0.12 Lautoconus subraristriatus 54.30 28.10 92.60 34.60 1.90 0.63 0.84 0.18 Leporiconus paratethyianus 32.67 17.00 88.67 37.30 1.92 0.68 0.83 0.23 Leporiconus suessi 56.80 25.70 88.60 31.30 2.20 0.54 0.89 0.16 Leporiconus transsylvanicus 47.10 19.90 84.60 29.20 2.40 0.51 0.87 0.17 Monteiroconus antiquus 107.90 51.12 107.90 26.00 2.10 0.56 0.94 0.16 Monteiroconus boeckhi 73.50 45.50 142.30 38.80 1.60 0.70 0.95 0.11 Monteiroconus conicomaculatus 54.30 34.00 115.70 38.70 1.60 0.72 0.87 0.13 ……continued on the next page Within the Paratethyan cones, Conus fuscocingulatus Hörnes, 1851 and C. schroeckingeri Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 are characterised by very shallow and weakly curved subsutural flexures and are reminiscent of some Lautoconus species, such L. eschewegi . These species plot also within the Lautoconus -field in the PCA based on shell ratios ( Fig. 28 ). Both species, however, differ from Lautoconus s.s. in the presence of tuberculate early whorls. Thus, we base the placement of both species in the Indo-West Pacific genus Phasmoconus on the similarities in shell outline, the morphology of the subsutural flexure and the tuberculate spire whorls. In addition, we place Conus ottiliae Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 in Phasmoconus , based on the results of the PCA ( Fig. 28 ) (see discussion in P. ottiliae ).

Figures

FIGURE 28. PCA based on log transformed shell ratios as given in Table 2; note that conchological features, such as presence / absence of tubercles, striae and convex / concave tops are not include in the data set. A. species plot showing components 1 and 2, species numbers refer to numbers in Table 2; B. morphospace occupied by the genera as defined herein, based on species plot A.