Edwardsellum, Enderlein
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093617 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3-FFC1-6F1E-A1FB-A6BE4DA3B480 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Edwardsellum |
| status |
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Subgenus EDWARDSELLUM Enderlein
Simulium damnosum Theobald (complex)
NOTE: Included under the S. damnosum complex are the following references to cytoforms not currently assigned to nominal species of the subgenus Edwardsellum and for which specific status is not known.
Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kagera’ and ‘Sebwe B’): Uganda
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’ [also ‘Kibwazi’], and ‘Sebwe’): East Africa
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Uganda
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Uganda
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe M’, and ‘Sebwe R’): East Africa
Dunbar (1972, polytene chromosome techniques): Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1974, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’] and ‘Sebwe’, ‘Jovi’ suggested as hybrid between ‘Kisiwani’ and ‘Nyamagasani’; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’]; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): East Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): East Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979b, notes on geographic variation; as ‘Mutonga’): Kenya
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa
Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kibwezi’ and ‘Mutonga’): [East Africa]
Le Berre & Fiasorgbor (1985, brief review of importance of cytotaxonomy to control of onchocerciasis): Africa
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IS and IL): Africa
Procunier, Maegga, Raybould, Muro & Shelley (1987a, 1987b, possible incipient species, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘kibwezi’): Tanzania
Procunier (1989, photo of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘Kibwezi form’): [ Tanzania]
Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiograms, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Tanzania, Uganda
Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania
Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda
Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard, spermatogenesis; as ‘Kisiwani form’ and ‘Kibwezi forms A1 and A2’): Tanzania
Maegga & Cupp (1994, characterization, chromosomal key, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘Kasyabone forms A and B’], photos of III): Tanzania
Krüger (1996, 1998, description, photos of chromosomes II and III, selected inversions mapped; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda
Krüger & Garms (1999, notes on diagnostic inversions and hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’]; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda
Krüger (2003, low-magnification photos of polytene complement): [Africa (country unspecified)]
Krüger, Kalinga, Post & Maegga (2004, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Njombe’], photos of partial IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Njombe’, and ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania, Uganda
Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2005, inversions mapped, photos of all arms; as ‘Kisiwani’): Ethiopia
Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization; inversions mapped; new cytoform recognized [‘Kisiwani E’]; photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani E’, and ‘Sebwe’): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda
Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IIL, IIIL, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kasyabone’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Kisiwani E’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Njombe’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa (various countries)
Krüger, Kalinga, Kibweja, Mwaikonyole & Maegga (2006b, note on probable hybrid with S. kilibanum ): Tanzania
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as ‘Hamedense (Abu Hamed) ’, ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kasyabone’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kibwezi A1’, ‘Kibwezi A2’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Kisiwani E’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Njombe’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa (various countries)
Krüger, Post, Kalinga & Maegga (2009, note on rare cases of analogous banding with S. kilibanum ; as ‘Kasyabone’): Tanzania
Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, hybrids with S. thyolense , selected inversion mapped, low-magnification photos of polytene complement): Tanzania
Simulium damnosum Theobald s. str.
Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): Uganda
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): Africa
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mali, Sudan, Uganda
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mali, Sudan, Uganda
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): East and West Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): West Africa
Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Nile’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of all polytene arms, male meiotic complement, polytene complement [low magnification], and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic and sex-linked inversions): West Africa
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and sex chromosomes, recognition of ‘Nile’ form as S. damnosum s. str., resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): Sudan, Uganda
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): East and West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as S. damnosum and ‘Volta’): East and West Africa
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of male chiasmate meiosis, polytene complement, and IS): Africa
Akoh, Uchida, Sato & Hirai (1987, hybrids with S. sirbanum ): Nigeria
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye & Meredith (1993, hybrid with S. sanctipauli , photos of hybrids): West Africa
Bassey (1998, characterization): Nigeria
Boakye (1999, characterization; cytodendrogram [superficial]; hybrids with S. sanctipauli and S. sirbanum ; inversions mapped; photos of all chromosomes, hybrid complement, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye, Back & Brakefield (2000, hybrids with S. sirbanum ): Ivory Coast
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram): Uganda
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. damnosum s. str. ‘Nile’ and ‘Volta’): Africa (various countries)
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. damnosum s. str. ‘Nile, and ‘Volta’): Nigeria
Simulium dieguerense Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, partial resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Dieguera’): Mali
Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Dieguera’): Mali
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversions): [ Mali]
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Dieguera’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1972, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Mali
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [ Mali]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): Mali
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Dieguera’): West Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram): Mali
Post (1982b, characterization, correction of earlier IIL interpretation, idiogram, photos of all chromosomes and polytene complement (low magnification), resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Mali
Boakye & Mosha (1988a, notes on geographic variation, hybrid with S. sirbanum , photos of chromosome II and low-magnification polytene complement): Guinea, Mali, Senegal
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of CI and chromosomes II and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of CI and chromosomes II and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Guinea, Mali
Simulium kaffaense Hadis, Boakye, Wilson & Cobblah [name presently unavailable]
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia
Hadis, Boakye, Wilson & Cobblah (2004, new species recognized [ kaffaense ; nomen nudum] and new cytoforms recognized but not characterized [‘Bebeka’ and ‘Ghibe-Gojeb’]): Ethiopia
Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2005, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species [nomen nudum], photos of all arms and polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia
Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of IIIL and polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia
Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kaffaense ‘Bebeka’ and ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia
Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Sebwe A’): Uganda
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): East Africa
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Sanje R’, and ‘Sanje T’): East Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, ‘Nyamagasani form’ chosen as standard banding sequence for S. damnosum complex; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1974, cytodendrogram, hybrids with ‘Sebwe’; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Vajime (1974, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [East Africa]
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [East Africa]
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. plumbeum [as ‘Ketaketa’]; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Dunbar (1978, note on chromosomal analysis of larvae reared from eggs; as ‘Nkusi’): Tanzania
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. damnosum ‘Sebwe’; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Nkusi’, and ‘Sanje’): Africa
Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [ Mali]
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. plumbeum [as ‘Ketaketa’]; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa
Vajime (1987, description of all arms and landmarks; as ‘Nyamagasani’): Africa
Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiograms, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Tanzania, Uganda
Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’ and ‘Sanje’): Tanzania
Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda
Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, all arms, and stages in polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; spermatogenesis; as ‘Nkusi form’, ‘Nyamagasani form’, and ‘Sanje form’): Tanzania
Maegga & Cupp (1994, chromosomal key; as ‘Nyamagasani form’): Tanzania
Krüger, Katamanywa, Tukesiga & Garms (1997, notes on centric fusions and probable hybrids between cytotypes; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda
Krüger (1996, 1998, description; photos of I, IIL, IIIL, and selected polymorphisms; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda
Krüger, Nurmi & Garms (1998, photos of I and IIL): Uganda
Krüger & Garms (1999, characterization, drawing of IIL polymorphism, hybrid with ‘Sebwe’, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Malawi, Uganda
Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, idiogram): Malawi
Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, and ‘Pienaars’]; photos of IIS, IIL, IIIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): South Africa, Swaziland
Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. kilibanum , ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Pienaars’, and ‘Sanje’): South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): East Africa
Krüger, Kalinga, Kibweja, Mwaikonyole & Maegga (2006b, note on probable hybrid with ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kilibanum ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Pienaars’, and ‘Sanje’): Africa (various countries)
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania
Dunbar & Baldwin (1979, cytodendrogram, description; as ‘Kipengera’ [sic]): Tanzania
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): [ Tanzania]
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): [ Tanzania]
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, notes on sex chromosomes; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania
Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. kipengere ‘Linthipe’, ‘Mombo’, and ‘Typical’): Malawi, Tanzania
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Kipengere’): East Africa
Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for Dunbar’s 1976 ‘Kipengere’ form; idiograms; new cytoforms recognized [‘Linthipe’ and ‘Mombo’]; photos of IS, IL, IIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kipengere s. l., ‘Linthipe’, ‘Mombo’, and ‘typical’): Malawi, Tanzania
Simulium konkourense Boakye, Post, Mosha & Quillévéré
Quillévéré, Guillet & Séchan (1982, notes on new cytoform; as ‘Konkouré’): Guinea
Post & Boakye (1992, correlation of inversion [indicated on map of S. leonense (as S. soubrense ‘B’)] with zoophily; as S. sanctipauli ‘forme konkouré’): Guinea
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of IIL and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for ‘Konkouré’ form of Quillévéré, Guillet & Séchan 1982; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoform recognized [‘Menankaya’]; photos of IS, IL, IIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea, Sierra Leone
Charalambous, Shelley, Santos Grácio & Raybould (1995, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, IIL, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea-Bissau
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of IIL and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. konkourense s. l., ‘Konkouré’, and ‘Menankaya’): Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Simulium kulfoense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye [name presently unavailable]
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, 1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram, notes on similarities of inversions with those of S. kaffaense ; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): [ Ethiopia]
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia
Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2008, characterization, formal name [nomen nudum] for Dunbar’s 1969 ‘Kulfo’ form, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia
Simulium latipollex (Enderlein)
Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram): South Africa
Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): South Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): South Africa
Simulium leonense Boakye, Post & Mosha
Post & Crosskey (1985, characterization, new sibling species; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone
Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of polytene complement and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone
Procunier & Post (1986, correlation of polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles with gonotrophic cycle, photos of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone
Güzelhan (1987, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Liberia
Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone
Güzelhan & Garms (1991, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Liberia
Post & Boakye (1992, low-resolution photo of polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for S. soubrense ‘B’ of Post & Crosskey 1985; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, IL, and III; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea, Sierra Leone
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Simulium mengense Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): Cameroon
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]
Dunbar & Vajime (1979b, note on relation to ‘Kibwezi’; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [ Cameroon]
Vajime & Dunbar (1979, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, formal name for Dunbar’s 1976 ‘Menge’ form, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Cameroon
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): Cameroon, Tanzania
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photo of CI region): Africa
Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram): [ Tanzania]
Bassey (1998, note on characterization): Cameroon
Krüger (1999, characterization; corrections to original cytodescription; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IS, IL, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Cameroon
Mustapha, Post & Krüger (2004, characterization; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IS, IIS, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL; new fixed inversions recognized): Cameroon
Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, inversions mapped; photos of IS partial, IIL partial, and IIIL): Cameroon
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): East Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Cameroon, Central African Republic
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photo of IL with CI region; as ‘Bioko, and ‘typical’): Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
Simulium pandanophilum Krüger, Nurmi & Garms
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, 1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]
Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]
Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Sogohi’): Uganda
Krüger (1996, 1998, description, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II; as ‘Sogohi’): Uganda
Krüger, Nurmi & Garms (1998, characterization, formal name for ‘Kaku’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Uganda
Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, inversions mapped, photos of IS partial and IIL partial): Uganda
Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, and IIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; revised breakpoints for selected inversions): Uganda
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): [ Uganda]
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Uganda
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania]
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania]
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nkusi’], polymorphism frequencies; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania
Dunbar & Baldwin (1979; cytodendrogram, description; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’ [also ‘Ketakete’ [sic]): Tanzania
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania, Uganda]
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania, Uganda]
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nkusi’], polymorphism frequencies; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania
Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard, spermatogenesis; as ‘Ketaketa forms C1 and C2’): Tanzania
Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, idiogram; low-resolution photos of IS, IL, and IIL; as ‘Ketaketa’ and ‘Mwamphanzi’): Malawi
Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, notes on diagnostic inversion, photos of IL and II, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania
Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization, chromosomal key, formal name for ‘Mwamphanzi’ form of Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post 2000, idiogram, photo of IL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): East Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. plumbeum s. l., ‘C1 [Hammerkopi?]’, ‘C2 [Ketaketa?]’, and ‘typical [Mwamphanzi]’): Malawi, Tanzania
Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, low-magnification photos of polytene complement, selected inversions mapped): Tanzania
Simulium rasyani Garms, Kerner & Meredith
Garms, Kerner & Meredith (1988, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Yemen
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Yemen
Simulium sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): [ Ivory Coast]
Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast
Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bandama’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversions): West Africa
Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Bandama’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, hybrids with S. yahense , idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. yahense ): [West Africa]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. squamosum and S. yahense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Bandama’): West Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Meredith, Cheke & Garms (1983, photo of IIL): Ivory Coast
Post (1984, backcross hybrid with S. squamosum / S. yahense , photos of IL, reinterpretation of IL inversions): West Africa
Procunier (1985, photos of polytene complement in adult Malpighian tubules [with inversions mapped] and polytenized follicular epithelial-cell and nurse-cell chromosomes): Ivory Coast
Meredith, Kurtak & Adiamah (1986, geographic variation, drawing of chromosome II, relation of inversion to insecticide resistance): West Africa (mainly Ivory Coast)
Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIL and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone
Procunier & Post (1986, correlation of polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles with gonotrophic cycle): Ivory Coast
Surtees (1986, note on new cytoform [‘Djodji’]): Togo
Boakye, Mosha & Fiasorgbor (1987, note on hybrid with S. sirbanum ): West Africa
Güzelhan (1987, idiogram): Liberia
Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization with ‘Beffa’ form of S. soubrense , idiogram): Benin / Togo, Ivory Coast
Boakye & Mosha (1988b, frequency of hybridization, hybrid with S. sirbanum , photos of all arms of hybrid): Guinea
Surtees (1988, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS with inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Djodji form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo
Surtees, Fiasorgbor, Post & Weber (1988, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS with inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Djodji form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo
Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary, photo of chromosome I from adult Malpighian tubules): Ivory Coast
Post & Boakye (1992, notes on sex chromosomes): Ghana / Togo
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Boakye & Meredith (1993, hybrid with S. damnosum , photos of hybrids): West Africa
Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS and IIIL): Guinea, Mali
Boakye (1999, characterization; cytodendrogram [superficial]; gene localization in polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization; hybrid with S. damnosum ; inversions mapped; photos of all arms, hybrid complements, in situ hybridization of probes, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Comoé’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’): West Africa
Boakye, Fiasorgbor, Bougsere & Naniogue (1999, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘Comoé’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’], photos of all chromosomes and low-resolution selected polymorphisms): Ghana, Ivory Coast
Boakye, Cornel, Meredith, Brakefield & Collins (2000, gene localization in polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization, photos of in situ hybridization of probes): Ghana, Ivory Coast
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Osei-Atweneboana, Wilson, Post & Boakye (2001, association of inversion with temephos resistance, photo of chromosome I): Ghana
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. sanctipauli s. l., ‘Comoé’, ‘Djodji’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’): West Africa
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photo of IIL, selected inversions mapped): West Africa
Post, Cheke, Boakye, Wilson, Osei-Atweneboana, Tetteh-Kumah, Lamberton, Crainey, Yaméogo & Basáñez (2013, notes on inversion 2 L-7): Ghana
Simulium sirbanum Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Sirba’): Burkina Faso, Niger
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Sirba’): West Africa
Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; photos of polymorphisms; as ‘Sirba’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Sirba’): Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic and sex-linked inversions): West Africa
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Sirba’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): Sudan
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Dunbar & Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): [West Africa]
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Barbiero, Mustafa, Procunier, Rasheed & Newsom (1984, reference not seen): Sudan
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IS, II, and IIIS): Africa
Akoh, Uchida, Sato & Hirai (1987, hybrids with S. damnosum ): Nigeria
Boakye, Mosha & Fiasorgbor (1987, inversion frequencies, note on hybrid with S. sanctipauli ): Guinea, Mali
Boakye & Mosha (1988a, note on hybrid with S. dieguerense ): Senegal
Boakye & Mosha (1988b, frequency of hybridization, hybrid with S. sanctipauli , photos of all arms of hybrid): Guinea
Procunier (1989, notes on band differences between ‘new cytoform’ and S. sirbanum ): Sudan
Vajime in Rothfels (1989, heterozygote deficiency in females; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa
Vajime (1989, sex chromosomes, S. sudanense subsumed): West Africa
Fiasorgbor & Cheke (1992, cytological confirmation of morphoforms ‘ Type III’ and ‘ Type IV’): West Africa
Mafuyai (1992, notes on geographic variation, photo of IIL with inversions mapped): Nigeria
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Crosskey (1993, photo of polytene complement): Guinea-Bissau
Wilson & Post (1994, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Mali
Charalambous, Shelley, Santos Grácio & Raybould (1995, characterization, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea-Bissau
Bassey (1998, characterization): Nigeria
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, low-magnification photos of all chromosomes, new cytoform recognized [‘hamedense’], resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘hamedense’): Sudan
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa
Onyenwe (2007, photos of IS and IIL; as ‘Sudanense’ form): Nigeria
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. sirbanum s. l., ‘Sirba’, ‘Sudanense’, and ‘ Type IV’): Africa (various countries)
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IS and IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. sirbanum ‘Sirba’, ‘Sudanense’, and ‘ Type IV’): Niger, Nigeria
Simulium soderense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye [name presently unavailable]
Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2008, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species [nomen nudum], photos of chromosomes I and II, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia
Simulium soubrense Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Soubré’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Soubré’): Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Liberia
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversion): West Africa
Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Soubré’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Liberia
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. yahense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Soubré’): West Africa
Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Meredith, Cheke & Garms (1983, characterization of possible new sibling species [‘Beffa’], photos of IIL): Benin, Togo
Post (1984, reinterpretation of IL inversions): West Africa
Kashan (1985, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Liberia
Meredith, Kurtak & Adiamah (1986, geographic variation, relation of inversions to insecticide resistance): West Africa (mainly Ivory Coast)
Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IL and IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense sensu novo and ‘Beffa form’): Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo
Güzelhan (1987, characterization, descriptions of new cytoforms [‘Farmington’ and ‘St. Paul’], idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and polytene complement): Liberia
Güzelhan & Garms (1987, descriptions of new cytoforms [‘Farmington (FF) ’ and ‘St. Paul (SF)’]): Liberia
Kashan & Garms (1987, characterization; geographic variation; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and polytene complement; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Liberia
Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization of ‘Beffa’ form with S. sanctipauli and S. squamosum , idiogram, photos of all arms of hybrid complement): Benin / Togo, Ivory Coast
Surtees, Fiasorgbor, Post & Weber (1988, chromosomal key; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo
Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary): Sierra Leone
Güzelhan & Garms (1991, characterization of cytoforms ‘Farmington’ and ‘St. Paul’, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes II and III and selected polymorphisms): Liberia
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’, ‘Chutes Milo’, ‘Farmington’, and ‘St. Paul’): West Africa
Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, new cytoform recognized [‘Chutes Milo’]): Guinea
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’, ‘Chutes Milo’, ‘Farmington’, and ‘St. Paul’): West Africa
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. soubrense s. l., ‘Beffa’, ‘Farmington’, ‘St. Paul’, and ‘typical [Chutes Milo]’): West Africa
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL and IIS, selected inversions mapped; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’ and ‘typical’): Nigeria, West Africa
Post, Cheke, Boakye, Wilson, Osei-Atweneboana, Tetteh-Kumah, Lamberton, Crainey, Yaméogo & Basáñez (2013, notes on inversion 2 L-7): Ghana
Simulium squamosum Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bille’): Cameroon
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bille’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon
Quillévéré (1974, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bille’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Bille’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on sex chromosomes): West Africa
Quillévéré (1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, IIIL, and polytene complement; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bille’): West Africa
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Bille’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Burkina Faso, Cameroon
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrid with S. sanctipauli ): Nigeria
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Dunbar & Baldwin (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, photos of all arms): [West Africa]
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Post (1982b, photo of IIL): Ghana
Post (1984, photo of IL): West Africa
Post (1986, photo of IS): Sierra Leone
Güzelhan (1987, photo of III with heteromorphic centromere region): Liberia
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IL, IIS, and IIL): Africa
Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization with ‘Beffa’ form of S. soubrense , idiogram, photos of all arms of hybrid complement): Benin / Togo
Elsen & Post (1989, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, original description of subspecies [kitetense], photos of polytene complement and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. squamosum kitetense ): Democratic Republic of Congo (ex Zaïre)
Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Mafuyai (1992, notes on geographic variation, photos of polytene complement and IIL): Nigeria
Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Mafuyai, Post, Vajime & Molyneux (1996, notes on sex chromosomes): Nigeria
Bassey (1998, characterization): Cameroon, Nigeria
Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Traore-Lamizana, Somiari, Mafuyai, Vajime & Post (2001, characterization of new cytoforms [‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’], photos of CI): Cameroon, Nigeria
Mustapha, Post, Enyong & Lines (2004, characterization, new cytoform recognized [‘D’], photos of chromosome I): Cameroon
Ibeh, Nwoke, Adegoke & Mafuyai (2006, notes on sex chromosomes): Nigeria
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa
Mansiangi, Kiyombo, Mulumba, Josens & Krüger (2007, notes on CI polymorphism): Democratic Republic of Congo
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. squamosum ‘A [typical]’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E [type III]’, and S. squamosum kitetense ): Africa (various countries)
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key; photos of CI region, IS, IIL, and polytene complement; selected inversions mapped; as S. squamosum ‘A [typical]’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’): Cameroon, Nigeria
Simulium thyolense Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post
Vajime & Gregory (1990, characterization, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Thyolo’): Malawi
Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Kiwira’], photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’): Tanzania
Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’): Tanzania
Maegga & Cupp (1994, characterization, chromosomal key, inversions mapped, photos of IIL and IIIL; as ‘Kiwira form’): Tanzania
Krüger (1996, 1998, description, photos of chromosomes II and III, selected inversions mapped; as ‘Kiwira’): Malawi
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, characterization; formal name for ‘Thyolo’ form of Vajime & Gregory 1990; idiogram; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi
Krüger & Hennings (2004, characterization, notes on geographic variation, partial photos of IIL and IIIL): Malawi, Tanzania
Krüger, Kalinga, Post & Maegga (2004, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Nyika’], photo of IIIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania
Mustapha, Krüger, Tambala & Post (2005, frequencies and photos of polymorphisms in IIL end): Malawi
Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IL and IIL partial, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’ and ‘Nyika’): Malawi, Tanzania
Post, Krüger & Somiari (2006a, note on laser microdissection of polytene chromosomes for molecular analysis): [ Tanzania]
Post, Krüger & Somiari (2006b, laser microdissection of polytene chromosomes for molecular analysis): Tanzania
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. thyolense s. l., ‘Nyika’, and ‘typical [Kiwira]’): Malawi, Tanzania
Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, frequency of inversion polymorphisms, hybrids with ‘Kasyabone’, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes II and III [low magnification] and selected polymorphisms): Tanzania
Simulium yahense Vajime & Dunbar
Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Yah’): Liberia
Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Yah’): West Africa
Vajime (1974, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of all arms, centric fusion, and polytene complement [low magnification]; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on sex chromosomes): West Africa
Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. sanctipauli [as ‘Bandama’] and S. soubrense [as ‘Soubré’]; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast
Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Yah’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, hybrids with S. sanctipauli , idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ivory Coast, Liberia
Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. sanctipauli ): [West Africa]
World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. sanctipauli and S. soubrense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria
Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. sanctipauli [as ‘Bandama’]; as ‘Yah’): West Africa
Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa
Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]
Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa
Kashan (1985, characterization, photos of IIL, selected inversion mapped): Liberia
Procunier (1985, 1989, photo of chromosome I [partial] from adult Malpighian tubules): Ivory Coast
Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of ectopic pairing, IS, IIIS, IIIL, IIIL [as IIL] end, and polytene complement): Africa
Boakye (1993, 1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa
Post, Mas, Millest & Flook (1995, characterization, new cytoform recognized [‘Bioko’]): Equatorial Guinea
Bassey (1998, characterization; as S. yahense and ‘Bioko form’): Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)
Traore-Lamizana, Somiari, Mafuyai, Vajime & Post (2001, note on sex linkage): Cameroon, Nigeria
Post, Flook, Millest, Cheke, McCall, Wilson, Mustapha, Somiari, Davies, Mank, Geenen, Enyong, Sima & Mas (2003, characterization; as ‘Bioko form’): Equatorial Guinea
Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa
Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. yahense ‘Bioko’ and ‘typical’): Africa (various countries)
Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. yahense ‘Bioko , and ‘typical’): Nigeria
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