Ipomoea setifera Poir.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

342. Ipomoea setifera Poir. , Encycl. 6: 17. 1804. (Poiret 1804: 17)

Convolvulus setifer (Poir.) Spreng. , Syst. Veg.1; 597. 1825 [pub.1824]. (Sprengel 1824: 597).

Calystegia setifera (Poir.) Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 316. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 316).

Convolvulus ruber Vahl , Eclog. Amer.2: 12. 1798. (Vahl 1798: 12). Type. AMERICA. J.P.B. von Rohr s.n. (holotype C10009689, isotype BM).

Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp., Publ. Field Colomb. Mus., Bot. ser. 2: 86. 1900. (Millspaugh 1900: 86), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea rubra Murray (1791) .

Ipomoea breviflora G. Mey. , Prim. Fl. Esseq. 100. 1818. (Meyer 1818: 100). Type. SURINAM. Río Essequibo, E.K. Rotschied 306 (probable type GOET002523).

Calystegia setifera var. poeppigii Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 317. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 317). Type. BRAZIL. Amazon River, Serpa, E.F. Poeppig (lectotype W0062141, designated here).

Ipomoea setifera var. poeppigii (Meisn.) Hoehne, Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan , Secc. Bot. 1, Fasc. 6: 63. 1922. (Hoehne 1922: 63).

Ipomoea pandurata var. cuspidata O. Kuntze , Rev. Gen. 1 (2): 445. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 445). Type. Cultivated plant from U.S. Virgin Islands, St Thomas, Kuntze s.n. (isotypes NY01429999, K000830889).

Ipomoea lesteri Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 83 . 1892. (Baker 1892: 83). Type. GAMBIA. J.Brown-Lester s.n. (K000097035, lectotype, designated here).

Ipomoea rubra var. alboflavida Urb. , Symb. Antill. 3: 345. 1902. (Urban 1902-3: 345). Type. PUERTO RICO. Stahl 791 (whereabouts unknown,?B†).

Ipomoea serrulifera Stand & Williams Ceiba 3: 128. 1952. (Standley and Williams 1952b: 128). Type. NICARAGUA. San Juan del Norte, C.L. Smith 84 (holotype EAP, isotypes F0054896, US00111468).

Type.

GUYANA. Brocheton s.n. (holotype P-LAM00357506, isotype P-JUSS-6811).

Description.

Trailing or twining herb, stems often roughly hirsute with stiff hairs. Leaves petiolate, 4-14 × 3-11 cm, ovate-deltoid or subreniform with wide-spreading obtuse or rounded auricles, base broadly cordate, apex obtuse, emarginate and mucronate, less commonly acute or acuminate, glabrous, lower surface paler, reticulate-veined; petioles 1-8 cm, glabrous but often with scattered tubercles. Inflorescence of pedunculate, 1-3(-5)-flowered, axillary cymes peduncles (0.3-)3-5(-8) cm, sometimes tuberculed; bracteoles 1.2-2 × 0.6-1.5 cm, ovate, long-mucronate, persistent, pale green, convex, concealing the pedicel bases; pedicels 8-28 mm; sepals unequal, glabrous, outer sepals 15-22 × 10-15 cm, elliptic, acute, finely aristate, abaxially 5-winged, wings smooth or, often, softly tubercled, inner sepals c. 15 × 6 mm shorter, ovate, pale, unwinged; corolla 5.5-8 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, glabrous, limb c. 4 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules ovoid, 10-12 mm long and wide, often enclosed in slightly accrescent sepals; seeds 7-8 mm, minutely pubescent.

Illustrations. Figure 2A; O 'Donell (1959b: 239); Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 178).

Distribution.

Widely distributed in tropical America and Africa and apparently more permanent everywhere than Ipomoea fimbriosepala . It occurs in many different habitats but prefers stream sides and is occasionally abundant in flooded forest as along the Río Guapore on the Brazil-Bolivia frontier. It seems most common in the Americas in the Amazon basin, the Guianas, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. We have seen no specimens from Mexico, Peru, Ecuador or Haiti.

ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Ignacio, A. Krapovickas et al. 44141 (CTES, MO); Ituzaingó, T. Meyer 6036 (LIL). Misiones: Eldorado, R. Vanni et al. 4060 (CTES); Iguazú, F.O. Zuloaga 5655 (MO, SI); San Ignacio, G.J. Schwarz 7735 (LIL, RB).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: K. Fiebrig 6097 (LIL, SI). Central: E. Zardini & C. Velázquez 27531 (MO). Concepción: M. Dematteis et al. 2922 (CTES, MA). Itapúa: Yacyreta, J. De Egea et al. 347 (BM, FCQ); Cerro Ybycui, M. Quintana et al. 226 (FCQ, PY). Misiones: Isla Yvyku’i, F. González Parini & M.J. López 602 (FCQ).

BRAZIL. Acre: R.C. Forzza 6174 (RB). Amapá: D.F. Austin et al. 6959 (MBG, NY). Amazonas: D.G. Campbell et al. P22077 (K, MO, NY, S); D.F. Austin 6959 (MBG, MO). Dist. Fed.: G. Davidse et al. 12160 (MO). Goiás: N.T. Silva 4823 (RB, MBG, MO, NY); Serra Dourada, E.P. Heringer 10861 (NY); Alto Paraíso, H.S. Irwin et al. 12685 (NY). Mato Grosso: P. Estadual Cristalino, D. Sasaki et al. 1694 (K); Santa Ana, S. Moore 488 (BM). Mato Grosso do Sul: Rio Paraná, L. Bernardi 18211 (NY). Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba, A. Macedo 1076 (BM, MO, RB, S); V.C. Souza et al. 5194 (K, SPF). Pará: D.F. Austin 4023 (MO), 4044 (MO); F. Drouet (F); Itaituba, I.L. do Amaral et al. 1224 (NY); Santarém, R. Spruce s.n. (BM, K). Paraná: Gueira, G. Hatschbach et al. 13324 (K, MBM, NY); A. Duarte 1829 (RB). Roraima: G.T. Prance et al. 4090 (NY, K).

FRENCH GUIANA. Von Rohr 110 (BM); F. Billiet et al. 6240 (K); Sagot 1308 (BM, P).

SURINAM. J. & P.A. Florschütz 551 (F, K); B. Hammel & S. Koemar 21200 (MO).

GUYANA. J. G. Myers 5495 (K); S.A. Harris EC22 (K).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Vaca Díaz, Guayamerin, Anderson 12084 (NY). Pando: Río Manuripi, A. Paniagua & P.F. Foster 739 (LPB). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, Río Paraguay, S.G. Beck 27559 (K, LPB); Guarayos, Com. Momene, J.R.I. Wood & D. Soto 27934 (OXF, K, LPB, USZ); Ñuflo de Chávez, Concepción-Lomerío, J.R.I. Wood et al. 24971 (K, LPN, UB, USZ); Velasco, Bajo Paraguá, T. Killeen 6250 (ARIZ, MO, SP, USZ).

COLOMBIA. C. Feddema 2023 (MICH, S). Antioquia: Turbo, A. Gentry 9460 (COL). Chocó: Bahía Solano, E.P. Killip & H. Garcia 33596 (COL, US). Norte de Santander: Ocaña, Kalbreyer 1273 (K).

VENEZUELA. Delta Amacaru: J. Steyermark et al. 115154 (MO).

PANAMA. A. Fendler 243 (K).

COSTA RICA. Puertarenas, Golfito, F. Quesado 825 (BM, K, MO); R. Schlising 2860 (F).

NICARAGUA. Greytown, R. Tate 346 (K); Puerto Isabel, E. Narvaez & J.T. Atwood 2888 (BM, F, MO, NY).

BELIZE. Stann Creek, W.A. Schipp 495 (BM, K, MO, NY, S); J.D. Dwyer et al. 647 (MO).

GUATEMALA. Friedrichsthal s.n. (K).

BAHAMAS. D.S. & H.B. Correll 47982 (BM, NY).

CUBA. [ Guantánamo]: Baracoa, E.L. Ekman 4014 (NY, S).

JAMAICA. W. Harris 12468 (K); W.T. Stearn 227 (BM, K); C.D. Adams 12297 (BM); C.R. Orcutt 4149 (BM).

DOMINICAN REPUBIC. E.L. Ekman H11053 (K, S), 11235 (S); Higgins & Higgins 59 (K, NY); A.H. Liogier 14415 (NY); H. von Türckheim 3741 (NY).

PUERTO RICO. A. Heller 376 (K, NY); R.J. Wagner 432 (BM, S); P. Sintensis 963 (K, NY, S); B.M. Boom 10071 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St John: P. Acevedo-Rodríquez 3094 (NY). Guadeloupe: Hammarlund 20 (S), 42 (S); A. Duss 2474 (NY). Dominica: C. Whitefoord 5296 (BM). Martinique; fide Powell (1979). St Lucia: fide Powell (1979). St Vincent: H.H. Smith & G. Smith 1164 (K, NY).

TRINIDAD. W.E.Broadway s.n. [8/12/1932] (BM, K); R.E.D. Baker 14570 (K).

Note.

Distinguished from Ipomoea fimbriosepala by the much larger corolla, perennial habit, broader bracteoles which enclose the pedicel bases and the 5-winged sepals. The two species are commonly confused.

Figures

Figure 2. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. setifera B I. dumetorum C I. aristolochiifolia D I. crinicalyx E I. plummerae F I. bahiensis G I. amnicola H I. appendiculata. Photographs of A (Wood et al. 27771) B (Wood et al. 27654) D (Wood et al. 27606) and G (Wood et al. 27706) by Beth Williams C (Wood 27926) H (Wood et al. 28024) by John Wood E by Mario Giorgetta F (Queiroz et al. 15950) by Hibert Huaylla.