Sinodromus Yao & Liu, 2024

Wang, Zhong-jing, Yao, Yan-bin, Tang, Zi-ying, Li, Wen-hui, Liu, Ke-ke & Xu, Xiang, 2024, A new genus, Sinodromus gen. nov., with two new species and the first description of the female of Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 (Arachnida, Araneae, Philodromidae) from China, ZooKeys 1221, pp. 279-296 : 279-296

Genus Sinodromus Yao & Liu gen. nov.

Type species.

Sinodromus fujianensis Yao & Liu , sp. nov.

Diagnosis.

The new genus is similar to Tibellus Simon, 1875 in having a similar habitus (cf. Figs 3 – 7 , 8 B, C and Kastrygina and Kovblyuk 2016: figs 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, B, 6 A, B), but it can be easily distinguished from Tibellus (cf. Figs 3 – 7 , 8 B, C and Kastrygina and Kovblyuk 2016: figs 1 C, G, H, J, K, 2 C, G, H, 3 F, G, 4 C, F, G, 5 D, J, K, 6 D, F, G) by the very small PME, nearly as long as 1 / 2 of the AME diameter (vs the large PME as long as AME diameter), the palp with two tibial apophyses (vs one), the presence of a cymbial process (vs absent), the epigyne with a pair of teeth (vs absent), and the relatively thin, tube-shaped copulatory ducts (vs broad). Species of Sinodromus gen. nov. also resemble those of Pulchellodromus Wunderlich, 2012 in having a blunt cymbium and spine-like RTA (cf. Figs 4 A – C , 5 A, B, D, E and Lecigne et al. 2019: fig. 3 F and Song and Zhu 1997: fig. 134 C, D), but the genus can be easily distinguished from Pulchellodromus by the slender habitus (vs relatively broad), the male palp with a ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis (vs absent), the well-developed conductor with scaly serrations (vs the undeveloped conductor lacking scaly serrations), and the epigyne with a pair of teeth anterolaterally (vs absent) (cf. Figs 3 – 7 , 8 B, C and Lecigne et al. 2019: figs 4 F, 5 F and Song and Zhu 1997: fig. 134 A, B).

Description.

Small spiders, body length 2.5–4.5 mm. Male habitus with more black spots than in females. Eyes: AME, ALE, and PLE oval, with relatively large eye cups, PME rounded, smaller than other eyes, with small eye cups, anterior eye row and posterior eye row strongly recurved. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and no retromarginal teeth. Broad brown median band present on carapace and abdomen, and white or grey bands present on carapace and abdomen laterally. Abdomen elongate, with a notch anteromedially and pointed at posterior end.

Male palp: tibia with two apophyses, ventro-prolateral and retrolateral, both finger-like; cymbium with blunt postero-retrolateral process, directed towards base of retrolateral tibial apophysis; sperm duct slender, curving back on itself, located medially; conductor large, covers embolus, with scaly serrations; tegular apophysis thick and large, slightly sclerotized; embolus spine-like. Epigyne with conspicuous epigynal teeth anterolaterally; median septum triangular; copulatory openings located laterally to median septum; copulatory ducts tube-shaped; spermathecae oval, slightly separated.

Species composition.

S. fujianensis sp. nov. (type species) and S. perbrevis sp. nov.

Distribution.

China (Fujian, Hunan, and Jiangxi Provinces; Fig. 10 ).

Etymology.

The genus name is formed from a combination of sino - from the Latin “ Sinae ” referring to China, and - dromus, from “ Philodromidae ”; the gender is masculine.

Figures

Figure 3. Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., habitus A male holotype, dorsal view B same, ventral view C female paratype, dorsal view D same, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 4. Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., male palp A holotype, prolateral view, slightly ventral B same, ventral view C same, ventro-retrolateral view D paratype, detail of palpal tegulum, posterior view E same, ventral view, slightly frontal. Abbreviations: Con – conductor, CP – cymbial process, Em – embolus, RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD – sperm duct, TA – tegular apophysis, VTA – ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A – C); 0.05 mm (D, E).

Figure 5. SEMs of Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., male palp of paratypes A left palp, ventral view B same, detail of ventro-prolateral and retrolateral tibial apophyses, ventral view C same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view D detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis and cymbial process, retrolateral view E right palp, detail of tibial apophyses, prolateral view F same, tegulum, ventral view G same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view H same, detail of conductor, ventral view I same, detail of anterior tegulum, retrolatero-ventral view J same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view, slightly frontal K same, detail of tegular apophysis and embolic tip after removing part of conductor, ventral view, slightly frontal L same, detail of conductor, ventral view M same, detail of embolus, ventral view. Abbreviations: Con – conductor, CP – cymbial process Em – embolus, RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA – tegular apophysis, VTA – ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis.

Figure 7. Sinodromus perbrevis sp. nov., female holotype A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – copulatory duct, ET – epigynal tooth, FD – fertilization duct, GA – glandular appendage, GM – glandular mound, MS – median septum, Spe – spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D).

Figure 8. SEM pictures of epigynes, ventral view A Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 B Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov. C S. perbrevis sp. nov .. Abbreviations: At – atrium, CO – copulatory opening, ET – epigynal tooth, MS – median septum.

Figure 10. Distributional records of Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 (black circles), Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov. (green triangles) and S. perbrevis sp. nov. (red stars) from China.