Cycloneuroterus globosus Melika & Tang

Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina & Melika, George, 2016, Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), Zootaxa 4088 (4), pp. 451-488 : 470-473

Cycloneuroterus globosus Melika & Tang , new species

Figs 71–84

Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 74), AGWP-Morpho18, ex small pimple gall of buds, adult em. 22.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Ten female and 7 male PARATYPES: 2 males and 3 females with the same labels as the holotype; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 74), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 23.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 74), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 24.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 4 males and 4 females: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 73), AGWP-Morpho18, ex small pimple gall of stem, adult em. 22.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 male: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 73), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 24.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa , 21.III.2011 ( TAI 73), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 23.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse.

The female holotype, 2 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 3 female and 2 male paratypes in PHMB, 1 female and 1 male paratypes in USNM, and 3 female and 2 male paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology. This species is named after the host plant, Quercus globosa .

Diagnosis. See the diagnosis to C. ergei .

Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown to black; mandibles, labial and maxillary palps yellowish; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker until last one; mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown except lighter tegulae; legs yellow, proximal end of coxae darker.

Head 2.04× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.3× as long as broad in frontal view, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.43× as broad as cross diameter eye. Malar space alutaceous, with some striae reach eye; 0.3× as high as height of eye. Eyes converging ventrally. POL 0.97× as long as OOL; OOL 3.0× as long as length of lateral ocellus, 2.3× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, similar size. Transfacial distance 1.4× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.3× as long as distance between toruli; distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, with sparse setae; median elevated area narrow, coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous, emarginate, without median incision ventrally. Anterior tentorial pit small, distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeopleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately alutaceous, interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, without setae. Posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed. Postgenal bridge higher than height of occipital foramen, shorter than oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, shorter than body length; pedicel subglobose, 1.1× as long as broad. F1 nearly equal to F2, 1.7× as long as pedicel; F2–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.2 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on F1–F12.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally, without parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, smooth centrally, with few setae. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with few white setae; 1.3× as broad as long. Notaulus, anterior parallel, parapsidal and median mesoscutal lines absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, smooth, glabrous, with few setae; about as broad as long, broadest in the middle; foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, only semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth and glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed along acetabular carina, with few transverse striae in lower half. Mesopleural triangle alutaceous, glabrous, without setae. Dorsoaxillar area smooth, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous. Metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum smooth; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous. Ventral impressed area smooth, without striae, 1.4× as high as height of metascutellum. Lateral propodeal area without rugae, with few setae; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous; lateral propodeal carina distinct, strongly curved outwards in the middle. Nucha with longitudinal rugae.

Radial cell of fore wing 4.7× as long as broad. Rs+M distinct, reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Areolet small, triangular, distinct. Wing margin with long cilia. Rs and R1 reach wing margin.

Metasoma slightly shorter than length of head + mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, without white setae laterally; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part of ventral spine nearly as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse white setae, not extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.4–1.5 mm (n = 3).

MALE. Similar to female but eye larger than in female, antenna with 13 flagellomeres, nearly equal to body length; F1 curved and swollen apically, F2 nearly equal to F1; F2–F13 progressively shorter; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.3–1.4 mm (n=3).

Gall ( Figs 82–84 ). Galls are monolocular, red pimples on midribs or lateral veins of young leaves; on occasion the galls can also develop on male catkins. In some cases the gall development disrupts the sprouting of leaves and the galls form a tuft on a bud. The gall is 1.0– 1.7 mm in width and 1.6–3.3 mm in length.

Biology. Only the sexual generation is known which induces galls on Q. globosa . The gall development coincides with sprouting from mid- to late-March. Adults emerged under laboratory conditions immediately after the galls had been collected in the field and transferred to the laboratory.

Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County, and Heping District, Taichung City. The host-plant Q. globosa is endemic to Taiwan, thus C. globosus might be also endemic to Taiwan.

Figures

FIGURES 71 – 77. Cycloneuroterus globosus, new species. 71 – 73, head, female: 71, frontal view, 72, dorsal view, 73, posterior view. 74, head, male, frontal view. 75 – 76, antenna: 75, female, 76, male. 77, fore wing, female.

FIGURES 78 – 84. Cycloneuroterus globosus, new species. 78 – 81, female: 78, pronotum and propleura, frontal view, 79, mesosoma, lateral view, 80, mesosoma, dorsal view, 81, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 82 – 84, galls (photos by C. - T. Tang).