Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763)

Celli, Nathália Del G. da R., Almeida, Lúcia M., Basílio, Daniel S. & Castro, Camila F., 2021, The way to maturity: taxonomic study on immatures of Southern Brazilian Coccinellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species important in biological control, Zoologia (e 64154) 38, pp. 1-18 : 9-11

Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763)

Figs 10, 40–52

Adult ( Fig. 40). Length 4.83–6.50 mm; width 4.00– 5.67 mm. Body rounded, glabrous and convex. Elytra reddish without spots. Head dark brown to black; males with horizontal large white spot between the eyes; females with the same spot divided into two with a dark brown central line. Pronotum in males black with a narrow yellowish white stripe skirting the lateral and anterior margins, projecting in the middle toward the base; two pale yellow rounded spots on each side; in females the same narrow yellowish white stripe skirting the lateral and anterior margins, but without projection in the middle and the two pale yellow rounded spots attached to border.

Fourth instar larva ( Figs 41, 44–52). Length 6.50–7.50 mm; width 1.50–2.50 mm. Body elongated, cylindrical and tapered, with strumae, tegument of dark brown color and yellow spots well demarcated in the mesonotum, metanotum, and abdominal segments 1 and 4. Head: Dark brown with lighter areas, quadrangular with rounded edges, thin light, and sparse bristles. Epicranial suture with frontal arms U-shaped ( Fig. 44). Three sub-conical stemmata, light brown, dorsolateral, close to the base of the antennae ( Fig. 47). Antennae with 3 antennomeres; antennomere 1 wider and approximately twice as short as antennomere 2; the latter with two apical bristles and a series of papillae; antennomere 3 broad, spine shaped with rounded apex ( Fig. 46). Labrum with sparse bristles ( Fig. 44). Sclerotized mandible with two apical teeth and mola with acuminate tooth-shaped; with a long bristle above the condyle ( Fig. 45). Maxilla with mala (galea + lacinia) largely trapezoidal, rounded at apex, with some long-curved bristles on the outer margin. Maxillary palp with three palpomeres, the last two with sparse bristles; apex of the last palpomere with sensillae ( Fig. 48). Labium with distinct ligule, the last palpomere with small sparse and stout sensillae at the apex ( Fig. 49). Thorax: pronotum with two sclerotized plates, semi-oval, dark brown, separated by a narrow band ( Fig. 41). External margin of the plates with approximately 25–30 long-bristle chalazae; central surface of the plates almost without chalazae, and approximately 20 chalazae of very short bristles in the marginal areas. Dark brown meso and metanotum plates with oval or triangular central area light yellow ( Fig. 41). Small mesonotum plate with semi-circular outer margin; truncated inner margin; lateral margin of the plate with approximately 20 long chalazae and short bristles; anterior margin without chalazae; posterior margin with six long chalazae and short bristles; dorsal struma with two long chalazae, five of them short; dorsal surface of the plate with approximately 15 short-bristle chalazae. Mesothorax with two chalazae with long bristles in the lateral struma and 10 to 13 chalazae with short bristles. A pair of circular anterolateral spiracles with lamellae at the opening ( Fig. 51). Metanotum with transverse plate, semi-circular outer margin; rounded inner margin; lateral margin of the plate with approximately 16 chalazae with long and short setae; anterior margin without chalazae; posterior margin with a long-bristle chalaza, four short-bristled chalazae; dorsal struma with three long-bristle chalazae and two with short-bristles; plate surface with approximately ten chalazae with very short bristles; lateral strumae of the metathorax with two long-bristle chalazae and approximately ten with short-bristles. Developed legs dark brown ( Fig. 41), with sparse whitish yellow bristles; with row of dorsal and lateral bristles on the tibia; ventrally with a bristle brush, most of them tapered and some spatulate at apex near the tarsal claw; tarsal claw with subquadrate basal tooth with a long lateral bristle on the external face of the tooth ( Fig. 41). Abdomen: ten segments, S9 facing downwards. S1 to S8 with a pair of anterolateral spiracles similar to those of the mesosternum ( Fig. 52). Dorsally, S1 with a dark brown area in the center, separated by a light-yellow band and with two light yellow areas dorsolateral; S2 and S3 dark brown with a small light yellow center area; S4 light yellow with four thin dark brown longitudinal lines; S5 with yellow pleura and from S6 to S7 dark brown with a small light yellow area in the center; S8 dark brown. Laterally each segment with a pair of strumae; S1, S4 and S5 light yellow and in the others dark brown ( Fig. 41). Ventrally each segment with transverse rows of bristles; S4 to S8 with longer bristles, longer than the previous segments. Dorsal struma of the abdomen ( Figs 10, 41) with a large median chalaza, two large chalazae in the posterior half, all with long bristles; 10 to 12 small chalazae with short setae distributed on the surface; dorsal-lateral struma with two large median chalazae with long bristles, one chalaza slightly smaller than the median ones with bristle close to the lateral margin; 6 to 8 small chalazae with short bristles distributed over the entire surface; lateral struma with two large long-bristle chalazae, one median, one posteromedian, four slightly smaller chalazae with short bristles, 6 to 10 small chalazae with short bristles on the entire surface. Dorsum of S9 with approximately 100 chalazae with short bristles; most of them confined to the apical third of the segment.

First instar larva. Length 1.52–2.60 mm; width 0.52– 0.72 mm. Elongated, cylindrical, and tapering body, with whitish integument; head and thoracic plates light brown. Head like the fourth instar larva. Prothoracic and abdominal strumae with long chalazae, with color similar to the other instars.

Second instar larva. Length 2.50–3.50 mm; width 0.67– 1.08 mm. Chalazae smaller than those of the first instar. The head structures similar to those of the first instar larva.

Third instar larva. Length 3.58–4.92 mm; width 1.17–1.42 mm. Chalazae with size similar to those of the second instar and color similar to that of the fourth instar.

Pupa ( Figs 42–43). Length 4.17–4.67 mm; width 2.33– 3.83 mm. Yellowish with black spots. Body with oval, convex contour, and truncated anterior region. Pronotum with at least four spots on each side, two on base and two on apex; mesonotum and metanotum with a rounded spot on each side; elytra without defined spots. Abdominal segments: S1, S6 and S7 without defined spots; S2 with two spots on each side; S3 with three spots on each side; S4 and S5 sometimes with one spot on each side ( Figs 42–43).