Alburnoides turani, Kaya, 2020

Kaya, Cüneyt, 2020, Spirlins of the southern Black Sea basin, with the description of a new species (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), Zootaxa 4763 (3), pp. 419-428 : 421-422

Alburnoides turani , new species

( Figs. 2–3 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B952D57-3446-494D-A973-94E871459447

Holotype. FFR 07033 , 81 mm SL; Turkey: Zonguldak prov.: stream Bolu at Akçabey , 41.034, 31.877.

Paratypes. FFR 07032, 50, 52–79; same data as holotype.—FFR 07062, 18, 38– 101 mm SL; Turkey: Bolu prov.: stream Bolu 33 km northeast of Bolu, 40.989, 31.749.—FFR 07035, 1, 79; Turkey: Zonguldak prov.: Filyos River 8 km south of Çaycuma, 41.341, 32.078.

Diagnosis. Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. tzanevi by having fewer scales on the ventral keel (0–3 vs 5–7), more branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½ vs 11½–12½), a shorter head (24–26% SL vs 26–28), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29–33% SL vs 25–27), a greater interorbital distance (8–9% SL vs 7–8), and a deeper anal-fin (19–22% SL vs 17–18).

It is distinguished from A. kosswigi by having a deeper caudal peduncle (11–12% SL vs 9–11), 5–6 scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line (vs 3–5), and more branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½, mode 14½ vs 11½– 13½, rarely 14½, mode 12½). Furthermore, the snout length in A. turani is greater than the eye diameter (vs snout length smaller than eye diameter in A. kosswigi ).

The new species is distinguished from A. freyhofi by having smaller eye (eye diameter 6–8% SL vs 8–10), a longer and deeper caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 17–20% SL vs 15–17; caudal peduncle depth 11–12% vs 9–11), and fewer branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½ vs 14½–16½). In A. turani , the snout length is greater than the eye diameter (vs snout length smaller than eye diameter in A. freyhofi ).

Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. coskuncelebii by having a greater interorbital distance (8–9% SL vs 7–8), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29–33% SL, mean 30.6 vs 27–30, mean 28.1) and a deeper caudal peduncle (11–12% SL vs 10–11).

The new species is distinguished from A. kurui by having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), and having the eye diameter smaller than the snout length (vs eye diameter greater than the snout length). In A. turani , the tip of the lips are at almost an equal level, while in A. kurui , the tip of the upper lip is projecting beyond the lower lip.

It is distinguished from A. fasciatus by having a deeper body (29–33% SL vs 26–29) and a smaller interorbital distance (8–9% SL vs 9–10). In Alburnoides turani , the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray is about 50–70% ossified (vs 30–50%) and the last unbranched anal-fin ray is about 40–60% ossified (vs 10–30%). In A. turani , the tip of the upper lip is not projecting beyond the lower lip (tip of lips are almost equal), while in A. fasciatus the tip of the upper lip is projecting beyond the lower lip.

Alburnoides turani is distinguished from A. manyasensis by having more branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½ vs 10½–12½), a shorter caudal peduncle (16–20% SL vs 20–25), a greater interorbital distance (8–9% SL vs 7–8), a snout length 1.0–1.2 times in the eye diameter (vs 0.7–0.9), and 5–6 scales between the lateral line and anal-fin origin (vs 4–5).

Description. For general appearance, see Figures 2–3 . Morphometric and meristic data are given in Table 1 . Body deep and markedly compressed laterally. Upper profile of body convex, ventral profile approximately equal to dorsal profile. Head short, approximately 0.8–0.9 times in body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex at snout, straight or slightly convex at interorbital space. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.4–1.7 times in its length. Snout tip pointed, snout length smaller than interorbital distance but greater than eye diameter. Mouth terminal, and tip of both lips almost equally projecting. Ventral keel covered with 0–3 scales ( Fig. 4 ). Largest known individual 101 mm SL.

Lateral-line with 48 (4), 49 (1), 51 (2), 52 (5) or 55 (3) scales; 10 (3), 11 (7) or 12 (5) scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral-line; 5 (13) or 6 (2) scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral-line. 7–8 gill rakers on outer side of first gill arch. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8½ (15) branched rays, outer margin straight. Pectoral fin 13 (5) or 14 (10) rays, outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 8 (15) rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 3 simple and 13½ (5) or 14½ (10) branched rays, outer margin concave. Caudal-fin forked, lobes slightly pointed.

Coloration. In live individuals, dorsum and upper part of flank dark-grey, lower part of flank and ventrum silvery. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct on anterior part of flank. A bluish, dark-grey stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex. Numerous small black spots on flank-scale pockets. Base of fins orange, except caudal fin. Dorsal, caudal, and proximal portion of anal fins orange to yellowish. Median and distal margin of anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins hyaline.

Formalin-preserved individuals brown or dark brown on dorsum and upper parts of flank, yellowish on ventrum and lower part of flank. Spots along lateral line above and below pores distinct on anterior part of flank and indistinct or slightly distinct on caudal peduncle in most individuals. A black stripe present on upper part of flank from posterior margin of operculum to hypural complex, its width approximately equal to eye diameter. Numerous small dark-brown spots on flank-scale pockets, especially below stripe. Dorsal and caudal fins greyish or yellowish. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins pale grey or yellowish.

Distribution and notes on biology. Alburnoides turani is known from the Filyos River drainage, a tributary of the south-western Black Sea basin ( Fig. 1 ). The species was collected from fast-flowing clear waters with cobble and pebble substrates ( Fig. 5 ).

Etymology. The species is named for Davut Turan (Rize), my supervisor for 10 years, for all his efforts with me and for his great contribution to the knowledge of the genus Alburnoides and fish fauna in Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable.

Remarks. The cytochrome b gene tree topology published by Bektaş et al. (2019; Bolu stream population) placed Alburnoides turani closest to A. eichwaldii (pairwise distance 6.43%) and most distant to A. manyasensis (pairwise distance 8.31%), among the species inhabiting the Marmara and Black Sea basins.

Besides the species mentioned above, A. turani is distinguished from the species found in the northern Black Sea basin ( A. maculatus , A. rossicus , A. kubanicus ) by having a wider and deeper head (head width at anterior margin of eye 10–11% SL vs 8–9; head depth through eyes 14–15% SL vs 13–14). Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. maculatus in having more branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½, mode 14½ vs 11½–12½, mode 12½), and a terminal mouth (vs subterminal). Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. rossicus by having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), fewer branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½, mode 14½ vs 15½–16½, mode 16½), and a deeper caudal peduncle (11–12% SL vs 8–10). In A. turani , the eye diameter is smaller than both the snout length and interorbital distance while in A. rossicus , the eye diameter is equal to the snout length but smaller than the interorbital distance. Alburnoides turani is further distinguished from A. kubanicus in having a terminal mouth (vs subterminal), more branched anal-fin rays (13½–14½, mode 14½ vs 12½–13½, mode 12½), and a deeper caudal peduncle (11–12% SL vs 10–11). In A. turani , the spots along the lateral line above and below the pores are distinct in both the anterior and posterior parts of the flank in most individuals (vs indistinct on the posterior part of the flank).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Site scale records of Alburnoides species in the southern Marmara and Black Sea basins based on materials examined in this study and additional records listed by Turan et al. (2017a, 2019).

FIGURE 2. Alburnoides turani, FFR 07033, holotype, 81 mm SL; stream Bolu.

FIGURE 3. Alburnoides turani, paratypes, from above, FFR 07035, 79 mm SL, Filyos River; FFR 07032, 78 mm SL; 77 mm SL; 72 mm SL; 70 mm SL, stream Bolu.

FIGURE 4. Ventral keel of Alburnoides turani, FFR 07032, paratype, 70 mm SL; stream Bolu.

FIGURE 5. Turkey: stream Bolu. Type locality of Alburnoides turani.