Yamangalea frewana, Maddison, Wayne P., 2009

Maddison, Wayne P., 2009, New cocalodine jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Cocalodinae), Zootaxa 2021, pp. 1-22 : 8

Yamangalea frewana new species

( Figs 20–30 )

Type material. Holotype male in UBC – SEM with labels: " PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Enga Province: Paiam Forest, near Suyan Village. S 5.495 E 143.144. elev. 2400 m a.s.l. 10 July 2008. W. Maddison, Pingisa Saiké, Yainé Ribson, S. Soté, N. Soté. WPM#08–007", " Yamangalea frewana Maddison , Holotype ", and " UBC – SEM AR 00016". Paratypes: 3 males, 7 females, 3 juveniles with same data.

Additional material examined. 7 males, 2 females with data " PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Eastern Highlands Province: Mt. Gahavisuka Provincial Park. S 6.015 E 145.412. elev. 2320 m a.s.l. 1–2 August 2008. W. Maddison. WPM#08-025." 3 females, 3 juveniles with data " PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Eastern Highlands Province: Mt. Gahavisuka Provincial Park. S 6.016 E 145.417 to S 6.017 E 145.416. elev. 2450 – 2490 m a.s.l. 2 August 2008. W. Maddison. WPM#08–027."

Etymology. Named in honour of Fred Wanless, whose studies of basal salticids, including cocalodines, built the foundations for our modern understanding of the deep structure of salticid phylogeny. The unorthodox patronym " frewana " was chosen to avoid confusion with the many species among related salticids with the more typical epithet " wanlessi ".

Diagnosis. A small cocalodine from tree trunks and branches, resembling small spartaeines such as Mintonia Wanless. Males can be recognized by the large hooked median apophysis, much more prominent than the embolus ( Fig. 24 ); females by the two posterior epigynal openings beside a central lobe ( Fig. 29 ).

Description. Male (holotype). Carapace length 1.6; abdomen length 1.4. Chelicerae: small, vertical, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Intercheliceral sclerite not enlarged into a visible horn. Palpus ( Figs 24–26 ): embolus hidden; begins at prolateral distal corner of bulb, goes dorsally into cymbium then retrolaterally and finally ventrally ( Fig. 25 ) to end near the tip of the conductor and median apophysis. Median apophysis is the most easily visible dark sclerite; long and hooked. Conductor is membranous, and accompanies median apophysis. Tibia of first leg with three pairs of ventral macrosetae; first metatarsus with three pairs. Carapace of most common salticid form, with eyes not on tubercles. PME large. Colour: Mottled brown, with pale stripe around base of carapace, and pale longitudinal stripes ( Figs 20–21 ). First legs darkest. Palpus clothed in white hairs.

Female (paratype, UBC–SEM AR00017). Carapace length 1.9; abdomen length 2.1. Chelicerae: three promarginal and 3–4 retromarginal teeth. Palp with tarsal claw. Tibia of first leg with three pairs of ventral macrosetae; first metatarsus with three pairs. Epigynum ( Figs 29–30 ) with openings near posterior margin. Carapace and eyes ( Figs 27–28 ) as in male. Colour: as in male. There are two colour forms of female, the common one ( Fig. 23 ) similar to the male, and a second paler form known from one female from each of the Paiam Forest and Mt. Gahavisuka , having broad pale patch dorsally on thorax and abdomen ( Fig. 22 ).

Natural history. Found only at fairly high elevation on tree trunks and branches ( Fig. 88 ). Most were found by brushing tree trunks over a beating sheet. The trunks were not heavily covered with mosses.

Figures

FIGURES 20 – 30. Yamangalea frewana, new species. 20 – 21 Holotype male. 22 Female from Mt. Gahavisuka, pale colour form. 23 Female from Paiam Forest, typical colour form. 24 – 30 Specimens from type locality, Paiam Forest. 24 – 26 Palp of holotype male (24 ventral view, 25 retrolateral view, 26 same view as Fig. 24, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). The embolus arises on the prolateral side, goes dorsally into the cymbium then ends (e') near the conductor). 27 – 28 Female carapace. 29 Epigynum, ventral view. 30 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace.

FIGURES 87 – 92. Habitats of cocalodines. Microhabitat indicated by arrows. 87 Habitat of Allococalodes madidus, on mosses on small tree trunks along stream (Umgé, S 5.3054 E 142.5098); approximate width of field 1.5 m. 88 Habitat of Yamangalea frewana, on tree branches and trunks (Mt. Gahavisuka, S 6.015 E 145.412); approximate diameter of branch indicated 5 cm. Most were found on larger, vertical tree trunks. 89 Habitat of Tabuina varirata, on conifer in clearing (Varirata National Park, S 9.436 E 147.364); approximate width of field 0.7 m. 90 Habitat of Cucudeta zabkai, in leaf litter at base of Pandanus (near Tualapa, S 5.291 E 142.500); approximate width of field 1 m. 91 Habitat of Cucudeta uzet, in leaf litter at base of Pandanus (Umgé, S 5.304 E 142.512); approximate width of field 1 m. 92 Habitat of Cucudeta gahavisuka, in leaf litter on terraces on slope in forest (Mt. Gahavisuka, S 6.01451 E 145.41171); approximate width of field 1.5 m.