Ipomoea muricata

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

271. Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq., Hort. Schoenb. 3 (2): 40. 1798. (Jacquin 1798: 40)

Convolvulus muricatus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 44. 1767. (Linnaeus 1767: 44). Type. INDIA. Braad s.n. (LINN218.18, lectotype, designated by Verdcourt in Hubbard and Milne-Redhead, Fl. Trop. East Africa, Convolvulaceae 130, 1963).

Calonyction muricatum (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 264. 1838. (Don 1838: 264).

Calonyction speciosum var. muricatum (L.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 345. 1845. (Choisy1845: 390).

Ipomoea turbinata Lag. , Gen. Sp. Pl. 10. 1816. (Lagasca y Segura 1816: Pl. 10), nom. illeg., superfluous. Type. Based on I. muricata (L.) Jacq.

Convolvulus petiolaris Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 105. 1818 [pub. 1819]. (Kunth 1819: 105). Type. MEXICO. Volcán de Jorullo, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype P00670758).

Ipomoea petiolaris (Kunth) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 275. 1838. (Don 1838: 275), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea petiolaris Sprengel (1824) .

Ipomoea bona-nox var. purpurascens Ker-Gawl. , Bot. Reg. 4: t. 290. 1818. (Ker-Gawler 1818c: t. 290). Type. Plate 290 in Botanical Register (lectotype, designated here).

Bonanox muricata Raf. , Fl. Tell. 4: 77. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 77). Type. Based on Bot. Reg. t. 290 (1818).

Convolvulus colubrinus Blanco, Fl. Filip. , ed. 2, 66. 1845. (Blanco 1845: 66). Type. Lectotype t. 315 in Blanco. Fl. Filipinas, designated here.

Ipomoea tubiflora Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 204. 1847. (Hooker, J.D. 1847: 204). Type. ECUADOR. Galapagos, James Island, C. Darwin s.n. (holotype CGE00308).

Calonyction longiflorum Hassk. , Pl. Java Rar. 523. 1848. (Hasskarl 1848: 523). Type. Not cited but reference made to Brown (1810: 340), which appears to be an erroneous reference.

Ipomoea shirensis Baker, Bull. Misc. Inf. , Kew 46: 74. 1894. (Baker 1894: 74), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea shirensis Oliver (1884) . Type. [MALAWI]. Shire Highlands, Kirk s.n. (lectotype K000097188, designated by M.L. Gonçalves (1987: 112).

Ipomoea kirkiana Britten, J. Bot. 32: 85. 1894. (Britten 1894: 85). Type. Based on I. shirensis Baker

Ipomoea spinulosa Brandegee , Zoe 5: 169. 1903. (Brandegee 1903-5: 169). Type. MEXICO. Baja California Sur, Brandegee s.n. (isotype US).

Ipomoea calderonii Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 242. 1924. (Standley 1924: 242). Type. El Salvador, S. Calderón 883 (holotype US 00111369).

Type.

Based on Convolvulus muricatus L.

Description.

Vigorous annual climbing or trailing plant; stems stout, armed with soft herbaceous spiny projections. Leaves petiolate, 7-18 × 6-17 cm, ovate or, rarely, 3-lobed, cordate with rounded auricles, apex shortly acuminate, glabrous; petioles 3-15 cm. Inflorescence of 1-2(-5)-flowered, pedunculate cymes; peduncles 2.5-20 cm, usually long, but, if short, commonly with soft spines; bracteoles caducous; pedicels 1.5-4.5 cm, stout and strongly swollen upwards, becoming reflexed in fruit; sepals unequal, accrescent in fruit, glabrous, white with green midrib, outer 10-14 mm, narrowly ovate, attenuate into a point up to 7 mm long, inner 7-12 mm, broadly ovate, abruptly narrowed to an awn 3-4 mm long; corolla dark lilac, 5-6 cm long, glabrous, tube narrowly cylindrical below but widened to 10 mm below limb, limb c. 4 cm diam., spreading, unlobed. Capsules ovoid, 1.5-2 cm long and wide, glabrous, rostrate, the persistent style c. 3 mm long, the pedicel commonly reflexed; seeds 8-10 mm long, glabrous.

Illustration.

O’Donell (1959b: 195).

Distribution.

Scattered throughout the tropics but rarely abundant. It is usually found growing in disturbed bushy places at low altitudes.

ARGENTINA. Salta: Campo Santo, C. O’Donell 2669 (CTES, LIL).

BRAZIL. Ceará: Caucaia, A.S.F. Castro 1810 (EAC); Aquiraz, A.S.F. Castro 2493 (EAC). Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba, A. Macedo 749 (MO). Pernambuco: Fernando de Noronha, A.M. Miranda 4086 (RB).

BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Com. Orotote, R. Lozano et al. 1183 (MO). Santa Cruz: Chiquitos, Santiago, J.R.I. Wood & B. Williams 27904 (K, LPB, USZ); Cordillera, Alto Parapeti, R. Chávez de Michel 261 (LPB); Velasco, Carmen Ruiz-San José Campamento, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27838 (K, LPB, USZ). Tarija: Gran Chaco, near Villamontes, A. Krapovickas & A. Schinini 31182 (CTES, F, MO); O’Connor, 5 km N of Entre Ríos, M. Atahuachi et al. 1519 (BOLV).

PERU. Lambayeque: M. Weigend et al. 8529 (USM).

ECUADOR. Galápagos: Santa Cruz: F. Fagerlind & G.Wibom 3228 (S); P.S. Bentley 235 (NY, MO, QCNE, US). Guayas: E. Asplund 15917 (S). Loja: Zapotepampa, F. Vivar 1358 (LOJA). Manabí: Jipijapa, M. Montesdeoca et al. 976 (QAP).

VENEZUELA. Bolívar: L. Aristeguieta 5817 (US, VEN). Guárico: Valle de Guanape-Altagracia de Orituco, L. Aristeguieta 6454 (MO, VEN).

COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, B. Hammel & I. Pérez 25849 (MO).

NICARAGUA. Rivas, San Juan del Sur, W.D. Stevens & O.M. Montiel 30403 (HULE, MO); Carazo, La Palma, Chacocente, M. Aranda 121 (MO).

EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapan, Área Protegida Santa Rita, J.M. Rosales 1940 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. Comayagua, La Libertad, C.H. Nelson et al. 7579 (MO).

MEXICO. Baja California Sur: type of Ipomoea spinulosa . Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Temascaltepec, Naranjo, G.B. Hinton 5011 (K); ibid., Tejupilco, G.B. Hinton 8414 (GBH, K, MO). Guerrero: Punarabato, Coyuca, G.B. Hinton 6932 (BM, GBH, K, MO). Sinaloa: Fuerte, J.N. Rose et al. 13566 (K); Imala, H.S. Gentry 5464 (MEXU). Sonora: Yécora, A.L. Reina-G et al. 98-1515 (MEXU). Yucatán: Izamal, G.F. Gaumer 987 (BM, K, MO, P); Mérida, Schott 684 (BM).

UNITED STATES. Florida: fide Wunderlin and Hansen 2011: 392. Kentucky: M.J. McWhirter s.n. [7/2002] (EKY). Mississippi: Washington Co., C.T. Bryson 21209 (ARIZ).

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. St Eustatius: fide Powell (1979). Curaçao: Proosdij et al. 654 (K, NY, U). Bonaire: fide Proosdij (2012).

Notes.

Commonly confused with Ipomoea alba but when flowering easily identified by the shorter lilac corolla which is widened below the limb. In fruit it is more difficult to separate but the aristate tip of the inner sepals is only 2-3 mm long.

Ipomoea tubiflora Hook. f. from James Island (Santiago) in the Galapagos represents a plant with slender stems devoid of fleshy spines. A more recent specimen (P.S. Bentley 235 (NY, MO, US) from Santa Cruz Island) is somewhat similar but with some fleshy stem spines so providing a link to more typical Ipomoea muricata . It is interesting that the Galapagos Islands also have extreme forms of Ipomoea incarnata , suggesting that isolation and the arid climate is allowing the evolution of distinct forms.