Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

228. Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell , Arq. Mus. Paranaense 9: 222. 1952. ( O’Donell 1952: 222)

Jacquemontia grandifolia Dammer , Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23 (Beibl. 57): 41. 1897. (Dammer 1897: 41). Type. BRAZIL. Rio de Janiero, A.F.M. Glaziou 11257 (holotype B†, isotypes C, K).

Ipomoea setifera var. orbicularis Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2, 5: 687. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 687). Type. PARAGUAY. [ Concepción], Río Apa, E. Hassler 7961a (holotype G00175007).

Ipomoea coccinea var. luteola Arechav. Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4: 191. 1911. (Arechavaleta y Balpardo 1911: 191). Type. URUGUAY. Not specified. (?MVM, n.v.).

Diagnosis.

This is distinguished from Ipomoea australis by the shorter corolla (1.5-2.5 cm long), which is uniformly pink. The sepals are usually narrowly (not broadly) ovate, but this character is not constant. It is essentially a large-flowered form of I. triloba and has the appearance of being an intermediate with I. australis .

Illustration.

Figure 110A .

Distribution.

Ipomoea grandifolia is apparently frequent in NE Argentina, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia and much of southern Brazil whereas I.australis is mostly found in the Andean foothills of Argentina and Bolivia but extends into Paraguay. There are few certain records of I. grandifolia from Bolivia, all from the eastern lowlands where it grows on disturbed grassy roadsides at low altitudes. The record from Peru appears correctly named but requires confirmation.

URUGUAY. E.J. Gibert 240 (K).

ARGENTINA. Chaco: A.G. Schulz 10440 (CTES), 6349 (CTES). Corrientes: J. Paula-Souza et al. 7131 (CTES); M. Dematteis et al. 941 (CTES); Cáceres, Zamudio 298 (CTES). Entre Ríos: A. Schinini 12993 (CTES); A. Burkart & N.S.Troncoso 27875 (CTES). Misiones: H. Keller 8726 (CTES), 8738(CTES); M. Dematteis & A. Krapovickas 1920 (CTES).

PARAGUAY. Amambay: Pedro Juan Caballero, A. Krapovickas et al. 45906 (CTES, K). Caazapá: Tavai, I. Basualdo 002204 (FCQ); Abai, Com. Aché de Ypetimi, P. da Motta 93 (FCQ). Canindeyú: Ñandurokai, B. Jiménez et al. 1857 (BM, PY). Concepción: K. Fiebrig 5301 (BM, K). Cordillera: Pirareta, E. Lurvey 427 (PY); Eusebio Ayala, E. Lurvey 429 (PY). Guiará: Villarrica, E. Hassler 8710 (BM); Villarica-Paraguarí, J. de Egea et al. 1323 (FCQ); Yurai near Col. Independencia, J.R.I. Wood et al. 28156 (FCQ). Misiones: E. Lurvey 386 (PY); Itapúa: Triumfo, E. Lurvey 76 (PY). Pres. Hayes: A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 43241 (CTES). Misiones: San Miguel, F. Mereles & J. de Egea 10140 (FCQ); San Juan Bautista, E. Lurvey 386 (PY). San Pedro: Est. Alegria, F. González 854 (FCQ).

BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, E. Ule 8285 (K). Amazonas: Manaos, J.W.H. Traill 548 (K); E. Ule 5409 (K). Bahia: Correntina, R.M. Harley 21816 (K). Mato Grosso: north of Xavantina, J.A. Ratter et al. 1404 (E, MO) - intermediate with I. cordatotriloba . Minas Gerais: A.F.M. Glaziou 14128 (BM); Trinta and Fromm 1802 (CTES). Paraná: A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 40921 (CTES); G. Hatschbach 47573 (HB, K); Jacarahy, G. Jansson s.n. [24/3/1914] (K). Rio Grande do Sul: G.E. Barboza al. 896 (CTES); E. Pereira 8628 (HB, K). Rio de Janeiro: A.F.M. Glaziou 13012 (K). Santa Catarina: A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 43979 (CTES), 44000 (CTES, K).

BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Carrasco: al lado del retén de Ivirgazama, J.R.I. Wood & B. Williams 27733 (K, LPB, USZ). Chuquisaca: Luis Calvo, La Pista, E. Saravia 10851 (HSB). Santa Cruz: Chiquitos: Santiago, J.R.I. Wood 28136 (LPB, OXF, USZ); Cordillera, Camiri, J.R.I. Wood et al. 28486 (LPB, USZ); Florida, Bermejo, J.R.I. Wood 28107 (LPB, OXF, USZ); Ibañez, salida a Abapó, J.R.I. Wood et al. 28474 (K, LPB, USZ); Ñuflo de Chávez, c. 1 km from centre of San Javier along road towards Concepción, J.R.I. Wood & D. Soto 27943 (OXF, K, LPB, USZ).

PERU. Cusco: La Convención, Huayapata, G. Calatayud 3261 (MO, OXF).

Notes.

Ipomoea grandifolia is relatively easy to distinguish in the field by the small entirely pink corollas which look distinct from the larger corollas of I. australis with their darker throat and pale limb.

Specimens from Formosa e.g. Schinini et al. 32696 (CTES) are intermediate with Ipomoea australis . J.A. Ratter et al. 1404 (E, MO) from north of Xavantina, Mato Grosso is problematic; the corolla is too large for I. grandifolia and I. cynachifolia (to which molecular data suggests it belongs) but it is out of the geographical range of I. australis .

Ipomoea grandifolia was a forgotten species misplaced in Jacquemontia until it was transferred into Ipomoea and rediagnosed by O’Donell (1952: 226-228). Comparing his summary of its characteristics in 1952 with that in his posthumous account of Ipomoea in Argentina ( O’Donell 1959b) O’Donell had clearly come to depend on flower size alone to distinguish I. grandifolia , rather than any of the secondary characters discussed in 1952. Examination of the surviving isotype of Ipomoea grandifolia at Kew shows a plant with a corolla 2-2.2 cm long and narrowly ovate outer sepals which taper to a mucronate apex. This is a near perfect match for Wood & Williams 27733 from Ivirgazama in Cochabamba Department. Unfortunately the narrower sepals are no more convincing as a character than the corolla size as many specimens of I. australis have similar sepals, rather than the more usual ovate, more abruptly mucronate sepals often found in that species.

Ipomoea grandifolia is also very close to the widespread I. triloba L, which is absent from South America according to Austin (1978b) and Austin and Huáman (1996), although widely distributed as a weed in the Old World. Austin (1978b: 120) claims I. grandifolia is a hybrid but only suggests Ipomoea australis as one parent. Perhaps it has arisen as a result of hybridisation with an introduced I. triloba resulting in offspring showing a range of corolla sizes, sepal shape and indumentum that bridges the two species, but there is no molecular evidence for this.

Figures

Figure 110. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. grandifolia B I. lacunosa C I. littoralis D I. cryptica E, F I. batatas. A, D-F John Wood B Steven Turner C Rick Miller.