Spiophanes Grube, 1860

Abe, Hirokazu & Sato-Okoshi, Waka, 2021, Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan, ZooKeys 1015, pp. 1-86 : 1

Genus Spiophanes Grube, 1860

Larval diagnosis.

Overall shape slender. Prostomium small or broad, rounded or slightly notched anteriorly. Lateral parts of the peristomium slightly or moderately demarcated from the prostomium, palps on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Two pairs of red eyes present. In late larvae, a pair of prominent or small antero-lateral processes on prostomium are often developed. Melanophore absent, some pigmentation patches of various colors are present on pharynx, proctodaeum, prostomium, peristomium, pygidium, and/or various locations of the body in late larvae. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetigers II-IV onwards. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II onwards ( Thorson 1946; Hannerz 1956; Carrasco 1976; Plate and Husemann 1994; Blake 2006).