SUBFAMILYDYNASTINAE, MacLeay, 1819

Peck, Stewart B., 2016, The beetles of the Lesser Antilles (Insecta, Coleoptera): diversity and distributions, Insecta Mundi 2016 (460), pp. 1-360 : 92-95

SUBFAMILYDYNASTINAE

TRIBECYCLOCEPHALINI

Chalepides barbatus barbatus (Fabricius) 1787: 10 ( Scarabaeus ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 253; Paulian 1947a: 73 ( Chalepus ); Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 590 (suggesting labeling error); Chalumeau 1982a: 343, 1983a: 216; Endrödi 1985: 172; Audreau: 2001: 426. Distribution. Barbados, Cuba, Guadeloupe (Paulian, 1947: 73), Hispaniola, Martinique, PuertoRico, St. Barthélemy, St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Martin. Other subspecies are from Guatemala to Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Chalumeau 1983a: 216 states the Guadeloupe record may be a labeling error but other later records argue against this. It is possibly a recent introduction of Guadeloupe. Wolcott 1951: 263 discusses the natural history of this detritus feeding non-economic beetle in Puerto Rico. Plate 9.

Cyclocephala amazona (L.) 1767: 551 ( Scarabaeus ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 252; Tucker 1952: 342; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Endrödi 1985: 66. Distribution. Barbados, Cuba, Grenada, Jamaica. Mexico to Panama to Chile and Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . The subspecies Cyclocephala amazona signata (Fabricius) 1781: 39 ( Melolontha ) is supposedly limited to the Lesser Antilles, Tobago, and Trinidad; the Cuba and Jamaica records (both in Endrödi 1985: 66) need confirmation. Notes. Members of this genus can be leaf-feeding pests of crops.

Cyclocephala annamariae Dutrillaux et al. 2013: 64 . Distribution. Martinique; single island endemic. Notes. The separate species status is based on chromosomal and other differences.

Cyclocephala dominicensis Cartwright and Chalumeau in Chalumeau 1977a: 135 (originally C. tridentata dominicensis ); Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 250; Chalumeau 1983a: 151; record from Dominican [Domineekan] Republic is an error); Dutrillaux et al. 2013: 64 (new combination). Distribution. Dominica; single island endemic. Notes. The separate species status is based on chromosomal and other differences.

Cyclocephala immaculata (Olivier) 1789: 29 ( Melolontha ); Arrow 1947: 221; Paulian 1947a: 69; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 582; Chalumeau 1983a: 143; Endrödi 1985: 101. = Cyclocephala danforthi Chapin 1935: 69 of St. Martin. Distribution. Anegada, Désirade, Guadeloupe (type locality), St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin. French Guiana ( Cyclocephala immaculata ferruginea (Fabricius) 1798: 170 ( Melolontha )); the Lesser Antillesand Latin America . Plate 10.

Cyclocephala insulicola Arrow 1937: 40 ; Paulian 1947a: 70; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 586; Chalumeau 1983a: 147; Endrödi 1985: 35; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic. Notes. Aspecies of upper elevations.

Cyclocephala mafaffa Burmeister 1847: 69 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 581; Chalumeau 1983a: 141; Endrödi 1985: 85; Touroult 2005: 86; Ivieet al. 2008b: 245; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype. = Cyclocephala mafaffa grandis Burmeister 1847: 69 ; Chalumeau 1982a: 336; Chalumeau 1983a: 141. = Cyclocephala grandis Burmeister 1847: 69 ; Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 401; Paulian 1947a: 67, of Guadeloupe. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts. S USA, Mexico to Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad; widespread New World. Plate 10.

Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) 1775: 36 ( Melolontha ); Cyclocephala melanocephala rubiginosa Burmeister 1847: 59 ; Paulian 1947a: 71; Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 584; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 25; Chalumeau 1978: 43, 1982a: 337, 1983a: 145; Endrödi 1985: 103; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype; Touroultand Poirier 2012: 49. = Cyclocephala dimidiata Burmeister 1847: 57 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 251 of Grenada. Distribution. Localities for the subspecies Cyclocephala melanocephala rubiginosa are: Dominica, Grenada *, Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Nevis *, St. Lucia * (Daltry 2009: 65). The record of Grenada may be a South American subspecies. The species ranges from the Lesser Antilles to Brazil and Argentina; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

[ Cyclocephala rustica Olivier 1789: 27 ; Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 401 of Guadeloupe; Blackwelder 1944- 1957: 252; Chalumeau 1983a: 216, indicating this record of Guadeloupe is an error. Distribution. Guiana.]

Cyclocephala tridentata (Fabricius) 1801: 170 ( Melolontha ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 401; Paulian 1947a: 68; Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 587; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1982a: 337, 1983a: 149; Endrödi 1985: 99; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12; Schiller 2004: 34; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 3, karyotype; Touroult and Poirier 2012: 49. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic. Notes. Aspecies of lower elevations. Dutrillaux and Dutrillaux (2012: 9) indicate that the species was actually a composite of at least three different species based on chromosomes. The earlier reported populations of Martinique and Dominica have been given separate species status (Dutrillaux et al. 2013: 62). The status of earlier records of Barbados, St. Lucia and South America are undetermined.

Cyclocephala vincentiae Arrow 1900: 180 ; Chalumeau 1983a: 147; Endrödi 1985: 34; Joly 2003: 40 (redescription). Distribution. Mayreau*, Mustique*, St. Vincent, Union*; not Venezuela; Lesser Antilles endemic.

Dyscinetus questeli Chalumeau 1982a: 340 ; Touroult 2005: 86. = Dyscinetus picipes (Burmeister) 1847: 79 ( Chalepus ); Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 401, of Guadeloupe, misidentification; Paulian 1947a: 72, of Guadeloupe, misidentification; Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 588, of Guadeloupe; Chalumeau 1982a: 339, 1983a: 151; Endrödi 1985: 167; Schiller 2004: 20; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48; Ratcliffe and Cave 2008: 6. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante; Guadeloupe archipelago endemic. Plate 10.

TRIBEDYNASTINI

Dynastes hercules (L.) 1758: 345 ( Scarabaeus ); Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 402; Paulian 1947a: 80; Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 597; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 21; Chalumeau 1982: 344, error of record of Grenada 1983a: 162; Chalumeau and Reid 2002; Schiller 2004: 20; Deknuydt and Romé 2012: 52. = Dynastes lagaii Verrill 1906: 318 of Dominica. = Dynastes vulcan Verrill 1906: 319 of Dominica. Distribution. Dominica and Guadeloupe (type locality) for the nominate subspecies. The subspecies Dynastes hercules alcides (Olivier) 1789: 7 [= Dynastes hercules reidi Chalumeau 1977b: 237 ; = Dynastes baudrii Pinchon 1976 (nomen nudum); as synonyms in Ratcliffe 2003: 431] is on Martinique and St. Lucia. The full range of the species, with nine subspecies, includes these islands and from Mexico to Panama, and throughoutnorthern South America to Bolivia and Brazil (Chalumeau and Reid 2002; Silvestre 1996); the Lesser Antilles and Latin America . It is seemingly absent on St. Vincent and Grenada. Notes. This is the largest beetle species in the Lesser Antilles. Gruner and Chalumeau (1977) summarize the biology of the species in Guadeloupe. Adults are attracted to lights, even during nights with a full moon; larvae found in decaying trees and logs. On at least the island of Dominica, the local people believe that male beetles of this species grip small branches in their horns and fly in circles, which cuts the branch until it falls. This myth goes back at least to the late 1800’s and early 1900’s (Ober 1886: 158; Nutting 1919: 42). The branches are actually cut off by Onicideres sp. cerambycids with their mandibles and females of these lay eggs in the fallen branches. In contrast to the nominal subspecies of Guadeloupe, Dynastes hercules alcides is supposedly rather uncommon. The polymorphism in the male horns led to several names being applied to this species. Dutrillaux and Dutrillaux (2013) use chromosome data to show a South American origin of the genus. The species is protected by law in Martinique and Guadeloupe. Fortuné Chalumeau (pers. comm., December, 2010) recognizes Dynastes alcides as a full and valid species. Plate 10.

[ Golofa clavigera L. 1771: 529; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 259; Endrödi 1985: 650. Distribution. St. Vincent ( Golofa clavigera guildingi Hope 1837: 44 ). Surinam; the Lesser Antilles and Latin America . Notes. There are no recent records; verification is needed, and this is here viewed as a probable labeling error.]

TRIBEORYCTINI

Strategus syphax (Fabricius) 1775: 9 ( Scarabaeus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 593; Chalumeau 1983a: 159; Ratcliffe 1976: 149; Schiller 2004: 20; Ivieet al. 2008b: 245. = Scarabaeus vulcanus Fabricius 1792: 11 of Guadeloupe; Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 402; Paulian 1947a: 79. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Montserrat; Lesser Antillesendemic. Not Grenada, not Dominica, Cuba, nor Hispaniola (contrary to Perez-Gelabert 2008: 94). Plate 13.

Strategus talpa (Fabricius) 1792: 32 ( Scarabaeus ); Paulian 1947a: 78; Ratcliffe 1976: 150; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 595; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49; Ratcliffe and Cave 2008: 8, 2010: 10. Distribution. Antigua, Bahamas, Caymans, Guana, Mona, PuertoRico, St. Barthélemy (type locality), St. Croix , St. John , St. Thomas, Tortola, Vieques ; widespread Antillesendemic. Plate 13.

Strategus tarquinius Ratcliffe 1976: 153 . Distribution. Grenada; single island endemic.

Strategus verrilli Ratcliffe 1976: 157 , replacement name; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 26; Chalumeau 1983a: 160. = Dynastes tricornis sensu Verrill 1906: 317 . Distribution. Dominica; singleisland endemic. Notes. There were no male specimens to use for a redescription (Ratcliffe 1976: 157).

TRIBEPENTODINI

Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius) 1801: 20 ( Geotrupes ); Paulian 1947a: 76 ( Ligyrus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 591; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 154; Cooter 1983: 185; Bennettand Alam 1985: 22; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12; Schiller 2004: 20; Valentineand Ivie 2005: 276; Ivie et al. 2008b: 245 ( Ligyrus ); Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49; Ratcliffe and Cave 2008: 6, 2010: 9; Touroult and Poirier 2012: 49. = Ligyrus antillarum Palisot de Beauvois 1805: 104 ; Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402 of Guadeloupe. = Ligyrus tumulosus Burmeister 1847 :: 101; Ramos 1946: 41 of Mona; Uyttenboogaart 1902: 116 of Barbados. Distribution. Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Canouan*, Caymans, Cuba, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada *, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Les Saintes, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mayreau*, Mona, Mustique*, Montserrat, Nevis, Puerto Rico, Saba *, St. Barthélemy, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts *, St. Lucia * (also in Daltry 2009: 65), St. Martin-St. Maarten, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Union*. Se USA (FL), Trinidad, French Guiana, Brazil; widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae a serious pest of roots of sugar cane or other crops, or may be saprophagous or coprophagous where sugar cane is absent. Plate 13.

Tomarus ebenus (Degeer) 1774: 317 ( Scarabaeus ); Paulian 1947a: 76 ( Ligyrus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 592; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 26; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 156; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 12; Touroultand Poirier 2012: 49. = Ligyrus cordatus Fabricius 1792: 31 , Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Marie-Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin. Mexico , Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae feed on small tubers of Dioscoraceae and Convolvulaceae and may damage gardens.

TRIBEPHILEURINI

[ Archophileurus cribrosus (LeConte) 1854 ; Endrödi 1985: 699 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. USA (TX, probably labelled as from the county or river of this name), Mexico ; not Guadeloupe Archipelago of the Lesser Antilles.]

Hemiphileurus laeviceps Arrow 1947: 222 ; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 171 ( Epiphileurus ); Ratcliffe and Ivie 1998: 207 (key to species); Schiller 2004: 37; Touroult 2005: 86 ( Epiphileurus ). = Epiphileurus gysini Cartwright and Chalumeau in Chalumeau 1977a: 152. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe; Lesser Antillesendemic. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae in rotting logs and trees (mango, Inga sp. , etc.) in upper elevation forests. Plate 10.

Homophileurus quadrituberculatus (Palisot de Beauvois) 1806: 42 ( Scarabaeus ); Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 21. Distribution. Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Hispaniola, PuertoRico. Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Bolivia, Brazil; widespread Antillesand Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights. The larvae live in nasutitermine termite nests in Puerto Rico ( Wolcott 1951: 268 ).

Phileurus didymus (L.) 1758: 347 ( Scarabaeus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 600; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 169; Woodruff et al. 1998: 34; Daltry 2009: 65. Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent. Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad to Brazil; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae found in decaying palm trees. Plate 11.

Phileurus valgus (L.) 1758: 347 ( Scarabaeus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 403; Ratcliffe 1988: 52; Touroult and Poirier 2012: 49. = Phileurus castaneus antillarum Prell 1912: 179 , Paulian 1947a: 82; Ivieet al. 2008b: 245. = Phileurus valgus antillarum Prell 1912: 179 ; Chalumeauand Gruner 1977: 599; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 168 of Guadeloupe, of Dominica, and of Martinique; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 13; Touroult 2005: 85; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49; Ratcliffe and Cave 2008: 8, 2010: 13; Ratcliffe 2011: 127, validating designation of this subspecies. = Phileurus valgus capra Bates 1889: 341 of Guadeloupe, of Martinique, of St. Barthélemy, and of St. Martin in Endrödi 1985: 726. Distribution. Antigua *, Bahamas, Barbados, Canouan*, Caymans, Cuba, Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mayreau*, Montserrat, Mustique*, Puerto Rico, St. Barthélemy, St. Croix, St. Lucia * (also in Daltry 2009: 65), St. Martin-St. Maarten, St. Vincent, Union*. Venezuela. The nominate subspecies is in the eastern USA and Central and South America to Argentina; widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; adults and larvae collected in decaying logs of Inga sp. Plate 11.