SUBFAMILYSCARABAEINAE, Latreille, 1802

Peck, Stewart B., 2016, The beetles of the Lesser Antilles (Insecta, Coleoptera): diversity and distributions, Insecta Mundi 2016 (460), pp. 1-360 : 87-89

SUBFAMILYSCARABAEINAE

TRIBECANTHONINI

Canthonperseverans Matthews 1966: 110, 1969: 124 . Distribution. Grenada, Union*; singleisland endemic; Grenada paleo-island endemic; not Trinidad (label error). Notes. In dry and moist woodlands up to 170 m. Plate 9 .

Pseudocanthon caeranus Matthews 1966: 93 ; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 7; Chalumeau 1983a: 46; Boilly 2012: 69. Distribution. Dominica, Martinique; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Aspecies of lowland and mid elevation moist forests and scrub; nocturnal, can be taken in traps baited with cow or human dung.

Pseudocanthon chlorizans (Bates) 1887: 34 ( Canthon ); Matthews 1966: 87. Distribution. Bequia, Carriacou , Grenada, Mayreau *, Mustique, Union. Mexico (type locality), Belize ( CMNC), El Salvador ( CMNC) ; the Lesser Antilles and North and/or Central America . Notes. In lowland xerophytic forest and scrub. The disjunct distribution is puzzling and Matthews explains it by lack of collecting in intermediate localities. Plate 12.

Pseudocanthon iuanalaoi Matthews 1966: 90 . Distribution. St. Lucia; singleisland endemic. Plate 12.

Pseudocanthon sylvaticus Matthews 1966: 91 ; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 5; Chalumeau 1983a: 47. Distribution. Dominica; single island endemic. Notes. Nocturnal; baited with cow dung but not carrion, in highland humid forests above 427 m. Plate 12.

Pseudocanthon vitraci (Fleutiaux and Sallé) 1890: 394 ( Canthon ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 202; Paulian 1947a: 30 ( Opiocanthon ); Matthews 1966: 95; Chalumeauand Gruner 1974: 789; Chalumeau 1983a: 46; Touroult 2005: 85. Distribution. Guadeloupe; singleisland endemic. Notes. In moist and wet forests; night active, at dung baits. Plate 12.

TRIBEATEUCHINI

Ateuchus illaesum (Harold) 1868: 53 ( Choeridium ); Leng and Mutchler 1914: 438; Blackwelder 1944- 1957: 204; Matthews 1966: 46; Chalumeauand Gruner 1974: 789; Chalumeau 1983a: 48; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 11; Touroultand Poirier 2012: 49. = Choeridium insulare Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 395 of Guadeloupe; Lengand Mutchler 1914: 438, 1917: 207; Paulian 1947a: 31; Matthews 1966: 46 (synonymy); Chalumeau 1983a: 49 (valid species); Ivieet al. 2008b: 244. Distribution. Canouan *, Carriacou, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayreau*, Montserrat, Mustique, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, Union *. Mexico (type locality), Colombia ; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America . Notes. Found in open lowland pastures and in lowland xerophytic forest. Plate 9.

Ateuchus luciae Matthews 1966: 49 . Distribution. St. Lucia; single island endemic. Notes. More strictly a forest inhabiting species, found in both xerophytic and mesophytic forest of low altitudes (up to about 330 m).

TRIBEONITICELLINI

Uroxys productus Arrow 1933: 389 ; Paulian 1947a: 32; Matthews 1966: 54, 1969: 115; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 790; Chalumeau 1983a: 49. = Uroxys guadeloupensis Balthasar 1966: 182 ; Chalumeau 1983a: 51, synonymy. Distribution. Guadeloupe; singleisland endemic. Notes. The species has much variation in size and shape between major and minor males. Plate 13

Uroxys trinitatis Arrow 1933: 391 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 204; Matthews 1966: 59. Distribution. Grenada (Matthew’s record is based on one specimen, and it could be a recent introduction). Trinidad ; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America ?

Uroxys vincentiae Arrow 1903: 510 ; Leng and Mutchler 1914: 438; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 204; Matthews 1966: 55. Distribution. Bequia , Canouan *, Carriacou, Grenada, St. Vincent (type locality), Union *; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Found in dry and moist lowland forests and cow and human dung. Plate 14.

TRIBEONTHOPHAGINI

Digitonthophagusgazella (Fabricius) 1787: 377 ( Scarabaeus ); Huchet 1992: 298; Schiller 2004: 22; Touroult 2005: 85; Ivie and Philips 2008: 10; Ivie et al. 2008b: 244; Meurgey 2010: 176; Touroult and Poirier 2012: 49; Thomaset al. 2013: 42. Distribution. Anguilla (2004), Antigua, Caymans, Grenada (1990, new record), Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre, 1992), Hispaniola, Jamaica, Marie-Galante (1992), Martinique (first the Lesser Antilles report in Huchet 1992), Montserrat (2000), Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Kitts (2003), St. Lucia (2007)* (also in Daltry 2009: 65), St. Vincent (2006)*, Union; introduced to the Lesser Antilles. The species is native to much of the hotter and drier parts of Africa, and ranges into Madagascar, Asia Minor, India, and Ceylon. Introduced to the New World via Texas in 1972. By 1977 it was distributed from California to Florida, south to Mexico and Guatemala (Hoebeke and Beucke 1997) and is expanding its range in the Caribbean (Ivie and Philips 2007; dates with islands above are year of first island records). Notes. Intentionally introduced to Texas to speed the removal of livestock dung in pastures. It has a rapid reproduction rate and high mobility. It has been stated that this may be a threat to the native dung beetles of the West Indies (Ivie and Philips 2008), but this is a species of open habitats and cattle dung, so it may not directly compete with the native dung scarabs which are mostly inhabitants of forested or shady habitats, and have different dung preferences, perhaps mostly of large Diplopoda and land snails.

Onthophagus antillarum Arrow 1903: 510 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 211; Paulian 1947a: 35; Matthews 1966: 17; Chalumeauand Gruner 1974: 792; Cartwrightand Chalumeau 1978: 5; Chalumeau 1983a: 52; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 11; Schiller 2004: 212; Touroult 2005: 85; Touroult and Poirier 2012: 49. = Onthophagus femoralis Kirsch 1871: 362 ; Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 395 (misidentification); Lengand Mutchler 1914: 438; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 211. Distribution. Bequia, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, Martinique, St. Vincent (type locality), Union *; Lesser Antillesendemic. Notes. Collected in cow and human dung in forests up to 800 m. Plate 11.

Onthophagus batesi Howden and Cartwright 1963: 21 ; Matthews 1966: 21; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 793; Chalumeau 1983a: 53; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 11. Distribution. Martinique (introduced). USA (extreme south TX), Mexico to Panama; introduced to the Lesser Antilles.

Onthophagus bituberculatus (Olivier) 1789: 131 ( Scarabaeus ); Matthews 1966: 23; Chalumeau and Gruner 1974: 793; Chalumeau 1983a: 53; Marquet and Roguet 2003: 11. Distribution. Martinique (introduced); introduced to the Lesser Antilles; native to West Africa (from Congo to Senegal), Sudan, Egypt, Arabia. Notes. The species is now the most common Onthophagus on Martinique. Plate 11.