Attaphila paucisetosa sp. nov. Bohn and Klass

Bohn, Horst, Nehring, Volker, G., Jonathan Rodriguez & Klass, Klaus-Dieter, 2021, Revision of the genus Attaphila (Blattodea: Blaberoidea), myrmecophiles living in the mushroom gardens of leaf-cutting ants, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 79, pp. 205-280 : 205

4.6. Attaphila paucisetosa sp. nov. Bohn and Klass

Figs 1F, H , 2A, C, D, H, I , 3I, J , 4A-D , 5E, F, K , 9A-F , 12E , 13E , 14E , 15D, E, K, L , 16E, F , 18H, I , 20A, B , 21D , 22H , 25A, B , 26C , S2D, E

Material studied.

Type material. Holotype, 1♂, Panama, Gamboa , in nest of Atta colombica , IV.-VI.2009, leg. V. Nehring (abdomen on slide: Bo 1258) (M. Maastricht, NHMM 2021 006). - 5 Paratypes, same data as holotype: 1♀ (completely on two slides: Bo 1226) (M. Maastricht, NHMM 2021 003), 1♂ (abdomen, tegmina, and head on three slides: Bo 1441), 1♀ (abdomen on two slides: Bo 1241) (ZS Munich), 1♂ (abdomen on one slide: Bo 1254; remains for DNA), 1♀ (abdomen on one slide: Bo 1255; remains for DNA) (M. Dresden) . - Other material. Same data as holotype : 1♂ (completely on two slides: Bo 1240) , 1♂ (abdomen and head on two slides: Bo 1442) , 2♂ (each with abdomen on one slide: Bo 1444, Bo 1445), 1L ♂ (abdomen and head on two slides: Bo 1433), 1L ♂ (abdomen on one slide: Bo 1434), 1L ♂ (head on one slide: Bo 1458), 1L ♀ (abdomen on one slide: Bo 1293; remains for DNA), 2L ♀ (each with abdomen on one slide: Bo 1295, Bo 1446), 2L ♀ (each with abdomen and head on two slides: Bo 1294, Bo 1296) (M. Dresden) . - 1♀, Panama, Panamá Par. Nac. Soberiana, Pipeline Rd. , km 2, at entrance to Atta [ Atta colombica ] nest at night, 16.V.1993, E. Riley (completely on two slides: Bo 1235) (Coll. TAMU) . - 1♀, Panama, Gamboa , 14.VI.2010, attached to a queen of Atta cephalotes , leg. R.Adams (abdomen on one slide: Bo 1268) (ZS Munich) . - 1♂, 4♀, 3L, Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Vereda los Andes, El Cabuyal, 3°24′50.37″N 76°35′38.34″W, 1360 m, Nido de Atta cephalotes , colecta manual, 25.XI.2012, leg. Jonathan Rodríguez G. (abdomen and head of ♂ on two slides: Cb 4/1, legs of a female on slide Cb 4/2, head of a L on slide Cb 4/3) ; 1♂, 1♀, 3L, Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Vereda el Peón, Loma larga, 3°20′23.69″N 76°35′13.17″W, 1399 m, Nido de Atta cephalotes , colecta manual, 24.X.2013, leg. Jonathan Rodríguez G. (abdomen and head of ♂ and ♀ each on two slides: Cb 2/1, Cb 2/2) ; 1♀, Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura, Vereda el Salto, La Vibora, 3°50′29.5″N 76°47′32.0″W, 600 m, Nido de Atta cephalotes , colecta manual, 7.V.2014, leg. Jonathan Rodríguez G. (Cb 3) (ZS Munich) .

Diagnosis.

Male As in A. fungicola and A. flava with specialisations on T2 (but these are wider, with more complicated ridges), distinguished by the arrangement of the surface bristles of T2-5 in one transversal line. Female: Well characterized by the combined occurrence of two features: bristles of T2-5 arranged in one strict transversal line, and T6,7 with only few and rather small bristles. The latter feature is also shared by A. fungicola , which, however, has dispersed surface bristles on T2-5. The species A. sinuosocarinata and A. multisetosa resemble A. paucisetosa in the first feature, but are distinguished by having numerous surface bristles on T6,7 and by differences in the laterosternal shelf area.

Etymology.

The species name refers to the few (Latin: pauci) bristles (Latin: setae) being present on T6,7.

Description.

Size Length of body (in alcohol): male 2.7-3.43 mm, female 2.61-3.49 mm. Surface bristles of tergites 2-5 strictly arranged in one straight transversal row, only on T2 near the lateral borders bristles often less regularly distributed (Fig. 9A, B, E ). Transversal ridges tr2-5 without distinct small excurvations to the anterior (Fig. 9B, E ; compare grey arrows in Fig. 11A ), but male tr2 posteriorly of the specialisations with a wide excurvation to the posterior, mesally followed by a wide, very shallow excurvation to the anterior (grey arrows in Fig. 9B ).

Male Tegmina (Fig. 3I, J ) widest at about 1/2 of length; obtusely wedge-shaped due to the roughly converging course of the basalmost part of the posterior border and the apical border, connecting curvature similarly short as in A. fungicola ; basalmost part of posterior border and the oblique apical border slightly concave; surface bristles rather fine (as in A. flava but longer and at a lower density). Hindwings fairly rhombic, with obtuse apex (Fig. 1H ). Glandular pores on T1-5 in the area between the transversal ridge and the anterior border, dispersed, in moderately high density (Fig. 5E, F ). Tergite 1 with long bristles on surface and borders (like T2-5); without specialisations. Tergite 2 along the anterior border with a pair of specialisations (msl2) consisting of a shallow, fairly wide transversal trough the bottom of which is patterned by low crossing ridges that are more complicated than in A. flava and A. fungicola , forming a net-like relief (Figs 5E, F , 9B ). Tergites 6,7: (Figs 9C , 13E , 15D, E, K (larval)) Median lobe of T7 very short, but distinct; transversal ridge tr6 well developed, tr7 absent; posterior border of T6 and T7 with a row of relatively long and thin bristles, distinctly shorter and thinner than those at the respective lateral borders; surface of T6 and T7 only with few isolated and small bristles, still smaller than those at the posterior borders. Subgenital lobe: (Figs 25A, B , 26C ) distal part with a deep excavation each along left side and right side; lobe posterior to level of excavations narrowly tongue-shaped and inclined leftward; only left stylus present (sll), which is conical, inserted at base of excavation, not reaching tip of lobe; at the base of the right excavation with a group of short and strong bristles; distal lobe and stylus with few rather long and thin bristles. Phallomeres: (Figs 25A, B , 26C ) Sclerotised part of hook (h) from the short, wide base (b) suddenly narrowing into a slender neck (n) widely and uniformly curved from the beginning, terminating in a slightly wider claw part (cl). Endophallic apodeme (ea) not narrowed at base (forking site of sclerite). Relative to the axis of the endophallic apodeme (ea), the virga (vi) shows a weak, angular proximal bend to the left, its apical part being hardly curved (not fully back into the ea -axis) and gradually narrowed to a fairly stout tip; virga likely longitudinally grooved. Paraprocts: Both lacking a sclerotised projection (Figs 5K , 9D ).

Female Tergites 6,7: (Figs 9F , 12E , 14E , 15L (larval)) Median lobe of T7 rather long; transversal ridges tr6 and tr7 complete, tr6 sublaterally with a weak, but distinct bend; surface bristles very few, of medium size or smaller; focused to central part of surface area. Subgenital plate (Figs 16E, F , 18H, I ) rounded-rectangular, with parallel lateral borders; lateral parts of transversal ridge (sr7-l) with a weak mesally directed curvation, lateral terminal parts with a weak laterally directed curvation; ridge mesally ending well after having reached a transversal orientation, close to a bristle-bearing point upon it, with a moderately wide median gap, recurved sr7-m ends indicating the ridge to be bisinuate. Genitalia: (Figs 20A, B , 22H ) Spermathecal plate sp small, pouch gcp fairly small (Fig. 20A, B ). In laterosternal shelf sclerite (Figs 20A , 22H ) central part (c) fairly long and posteriorly rounded, posterior and lateral margins of central part and arms together forming a quite evenly curved horseshoe arch, arms (a) fairly wide, wing parts (w) fairly narrow, their base restricted to posterior half of tubes (blue arrowhead); tubes (lst) narrowed towards the anterior and curved mesad. Mesal gonangulum sclerites (gg-m) distinct, lateral ones absent (Fig. 20B ).

Host species.

Atta colombica Guérin-Méneville, 1844, Atta cephalotes (Linnaeaus, 1758).

Distribution.

Panama (Gamboa); Colombia: Depart. Valle del Cauca (Cali, Buenaventura).

Figures

Figure 1. A - D: Head structures of Attaphila species, head made transparent by treatment with KOH. A: Entire head with focus on antennae and circumantennal pit (inset: median part, darkened). B: Entire head with focus on mouthparts (cardo and stipes seen behind circumantennal pit; inset: scheme of mandibular dentition in anterior view, mdl = left, mdr = right, elements above transversal line belonging to mola). C: Entire head with left antenna rectangularly bent between scapus and pedicellus. In A-C different levels of tentorium visible internally. D: Base of right antenna and surrounding parts of head capsule at higher magnification, also showing dorsal excavation at distal end of scapus allowing the strong bend shown in C. E - H: Thoracic nota of Attaphila species. E: All thoracic nota of a female, stretched. F: Pronotum of a male. G, H: Right part of metanotum of males with the strongly reduced hindwing. - Species: A - C: A. aptera, male (A, B: Bo 1224), larval female (C: Bo 1243); D: A. fungicola, male (Bo 1229); E, G: A. bergi, female (Bo 1239), male (Bo 1283); F, H: A. paucisetosa, male (Bo 1240). - Abbreviations: ata anterior tentorial arm; atb anterior tentorial bridge; atp anterior tentorial pit; car cardo of maxilla; cap circumantennal pit (with sharp dorsal edge capd visible and bottom capb of the pit shining through); cc coronal cleavage line; cpe compound eye; ct corpotentorium; fc frontal cleavage line; fl fagellum (all antennomeres following pedicellus, numbered from base as fl 1 etc.); hw hindwing; hwar level of (reduced) hindwing articulation; li lacinia; lp labial palpus (I-III: palpomeres); md mandible (left mdl, right mdr; I-IV: tip and incisivi); mo mola of mandible; mp maxillary palpus (I-V: palpomeres); N thoracic notum (N 1 pro-, N 2 meso-, N 3 metanotum); pc pedicellus; pta posterior tentorial arm; sc scapus; sc-pc scapus-pedicellus articulation; scex dorsal excavation at distal end of scapus; s-chA field of sensilla chaetica A; s-cpf row of sensilla campaniformia; sti stipes of maxilla; tp tentorial perforation.

Figure 2. A-I: Antennae of Attaphila species of various age. A, H, I: Presumably second stage larva (head width 0.52 mm), with enlarged details of the proximal (H) and distal regions (I, distal end to the right), both from (A); B - E: intermediate and late larval stages, head width 0.66 (B), 0.61 (C), 0.76 (D), 0.73 mm (E); F, G: imagines. J-M: Imaginal antennae of Blattellidae species, in (J) showing parts of the proximal, intermediate and distal region, in (K-M) only of the proximal and distal region. - Species: A, C, E, H, I: Attaphila paucisetosa (A, H, I: Colombia, Cb 4 / 3; C: Bo 1458; E: Bo 1433); B, D, F: A. aptera (B: Bo 1457; D: Bo 1292; F: Bo 1225); G: A. bergi (Bo 1274); J: Blattella germanica (ex cult.); K: Symploce pallens (ex cult.); L: Xestoblatta cantralli (Costa Rica, CR 15); M: Ischnoptera sp. (Costa Rica, CR 13 / 1). - Abbreviations and symbols: sc scapus; pc pedicellus; me meriston (first flagellomere of current stage); + new proximal flagellomeres generated by a division of the meriston into two or three flagellomeres during the preceding intermoult period in B, E, H, in C, D the division had presumably already occurred one moult earlier; L - early larval stage; L + intermediate or late larval stage; Im imago.

Figure 4. Legs of left side (A-G) or right side (H) of female Attaphila paucisetosa (A: Bo 1235, B-D, H, G: PT Bo 1226), anterior view, made transparent by treatment with KOH. Hindleg (A, B), midleg (C), and foreleg (D, G [left leg regenerated, with only four tarsomeres], H [right leg with five tarsomeres]), with conventional terminology of tibial spines. E and F show a general scheme of cockroach tibia spination of the foreleg (E) and midleg (F; similar on hindleg) (tibia base on top, tibia cut along ventral midline and spread, spine bases represented by circles filled with different colours according to groups of spines) and distal part of tibia of fore- (E), mid-, and hindleg (F) of Attaphila (from B, C, D, 1.5 x enlarged), with spine terminology according to Klass et al. (2009) and unpublished work by K. - D. Klass and coworkers. G and H show tarsus of left (G) and right (H) foreleg enlarged (compare D); white arrow in G pointing to dorsal vestige of subdivision between tarsomeres 1 and 2. - Abbreviations: co coxa; colb coxal lobelet; tc trochanter; fe femur; fegr ventral groove of femur which can take up part of tibia during strong flexion as shown in (A) (bottom of groove indicated); fane and fpoe antero- resp. posteroventral edge flanking femoral groove; ti tibia; tiaa and tiap anterior resp. posterior articulation of tibia with femur; tivt ventral basal tendon of tibia; dft dorsal fold on apical margin of tibia; itts intertibiotarsal sclerite; pdta posterodorsal tibiotarsal articulation (on opposite side of leg); ta 1 - 5 tarsomeres 1 - 5; ptcl claws of pretarsus; ptar arolium of pretarsus; gs genicular spine of femur. Spines of tibia (see Supplement 1 for complete abbreviations): as apical spines (= terminal spines Tt 1 - 5 plus distal mediodorsal spine Td 1 m [mid- and hindleg] or distal anterodorsal spine Td 1 ma [foreleg]); ds dorsal spines (= dorsal spines Td excluding Td 1 m [mid- and hindleg] and Td 1 ma [foreleg]); vs ventral spines (= ventral spines Tv).

Figure 5. A - I: Tergite specialisations of the males of Attaphila species, medially on T 1 (A - D), or laterally at the anterior border of T 2 (E - I), in E-G from right side of tergite, in H and I from left side. - Species: A, B: A. aptera (Bo 1227, HT Bo 1258); C, D: A. bergi (Bo 1283, Bo 1274); E, F: A. paucisetosa (PT Bo 1254, Bo 1256); G, H: A. fungicola (LT Bo 1265); I: A. flava (HT Bo 1280). - Abbreviations: T 1 - a, T 2 - a anterior borders of tergites T 1,2; T 1 - p posterior border of T 1; tr 1, tr 2 transversal ridges of T 1,2; msa 1 anterior median specialisation of tergite T 1; msl 2 lateral specialisation of tergite T 2; msp 1 posterior median specialisation of tergite T 1; pg pores of glands, tiny in A, B, between T 1 - a and tr 1, larger in E as part of msl 2 specialisations. - J, K: Paraprocts, tergite 10 and cerci in ventral view, of J: A. aptera (Bo 1224) and K: A. paucisetosa (HT Bo 1258). - Abbreviations and arrows: Ca sclerite at mesal base of cercus; ce cercus; hmp hook-like mesal projection of paraproct; PPl, PPr left and right paraproct; T 9 tergite 9; T 10 tergite 10 with its ventrally bent lateral (paratergal) parts T 10 p (larger median parts of T 10 out of focus); white arrows: articulation between mesal end of T 10 p and lateral end of paraproct.

Figure 9. Abdominal tergites and terminalia of Attaphila paucisetosa. A - D: Male (HT Bo 1258). A: T 1; B: T 2 - 5, T 2 with lateral specialisations; C: T 6,7. D: Terminalia, ventral view, with T 9 (with lateral extension) and T 10, cerci, and paraprocts. E, F: Female (PT Bo 1255). E: T 1 - 5; F: T 6,7. - Abbreviations: ce cercus; msl 2 lateral specialisation of T 2; PPr right paraproct; T n tergite (numbered); pt 9 extension of paratergite of T 9; T n - a anterior border of tergite (numbered); tr n transversal ridge of tergite (numbered). Grey arrows pointing to excurvations of male tr 2.

Figure 11. Abdominal tergites of Attaphila species only known from the female sex. A, B: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1237). A: T 2 - 5; B: T 6,7. C, D: A. sexdentis (HT Bo 1233). C: T 1 - 5; D: T 6,7. - Abbreviations: T n tergite (numbered); T n - a anterior border of tergite (numbered); T n - p posterior border of tergite (numbered); tr n transversal ridge of tergite (numbered). Grey arrows pointing to median and lateral excurvations of transversal ridges to the anterior.

Figure 12. Abdominal tergites T 6,7 of females of Attaphila species. A: A. aptera (Bo 1257). B: A. bergi (Bo 1282). C: A. fungicola (Bo 1264). D: A. multisetosa (HT Bo 1270). E: A. paucisetosa (PT Bo 1255). F: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1237), transversal ridge tr 7 almost completely missing, only tiny remnants present near the associated bristles (see Fig. 14 F). - Abbreviations: T 6, T 7 tergites T 6, T 7; T 6 - p, T 7 - p posterior borders of tergites T 6, T 7; tr 6, tr 7 transversal ridges of tergites T 6, T 7.

Figure 13. Abdominal tergites T 6,7 of females (A, B) and males (C - F) of Attaphila species. A: A. sexdentis, female (Bo 1233). B: A. sinuosocarinata, female (HT Bo 1273). C: A. aptera, male (Bo 1256). D: A. bergi, male (Bo 1274), transversal ridge tr 7 weakly developed, sublaterally with a large gap. E: A. paucisetosa, male (Bo 1240), transversal ridge tr 7 missing. F: A. fungicola, male (Bo 1229), transversal ridge tr 7 missing. - Abbreviations: T 6, T 7 tergites T 6, T 7; T 6 - p, T 7 - p posterior borders of tergites T 6, T 7; tr 6, tr 7 transversal ridges of tergites T 6, T 7.

Figure 14. Size and distribution of bristles in the median part of tergites T 6,7 in females (A-H) and males (I) of Attaphila species, phase contrast images. A: A. aptera, female (Bo 1257). B: A. bergi, female (Bo 1282). C: A. fungicola, female (Bo 1264). D: A. multisetosa, female (Bo 1270). E: A. paucisetosa, female (PT Bo 1255). F: A. schuppi, female (ST Bo 1237), with only short remnants of transversal ridge tr 7. G: A. sexdentis, female (Bo 1233). H: A. sinuosocarinata, female (HT Bo 1273). I: A. aptera, male (Bo 1256). - Abbreviations: T 6 - p, T 7 - p posterior borders of tergites T 6, T 7; tr 6, tr 7 transversal ridges of tergites T 6, T 7.

Figure 15. Size and distribution of bristles in the median part of tergites T 6,7 in males (A - E) and in larval males and females (F - L) of Attaphila species, phase contrast images. A: A. bergi, male (Bo 1274). B: A. fungicola, male (LT Bo 1265). C: A. flava, male (HT Bo 1280). D: A. paucisetosa, male (Cb 2 / 1). E: A. paucisetosa, male, with slightly shorter bristles than in preceding specimen (Bo 1445). F: A. aptera, larval male (Bo 1291). G: A. aptera, larval female (Bo 1289). H: A. aptera, larval male (HT Bo 1232). I: A. bergi, larval male (Bo 1230); medium sized bristles belong to T 6, the very long ones are from T 5 covering most of T 6. J: A. bergi, larval female (Bo 1285). K: A. paucisetosa, larval male (Bo 1433). L: A. paucisetosa, larval female (Bo 1293). - Abbreviations: T 5 - p, T 6 - p, T 7 - p posterior borders of tergites T 5, T 6, T 7; tr 6, tr 7 transversal ridges of tergites T 6, T 7.

Figure 16. Subgenital plate (sternite S 7) of females of Attaphila species. A, B: A. bergi (Bo 1275, Bo 1282). C, D: A. fungicola (Bo 1264, Bo 1228). E, F: A. paucisetosa (Cb 2 / 2, PT Bo 1255). G, H: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1237, ST Bo 1234). - Abbreviations: S 7 - p posterior border of subgenital plate S 7; sr 7 - l, sr 7 - m lateral, median part of transversal ridge of subgenital plate S 7 (borders indicated by double bars); vf 7 ventral fold of segment 7 = subgenital lobe (across entire width of S 7; approximate longitudinal extension given by double-headed arrow).

Figure 18. Anterior half of subgenital plate (sternite S 7) of females of Attaphila species, shape of sternal transversal ridge, phase contrast images (same objects as shown in Figs 16, 17, except for Bo 1236 in F). A, B: A. aptera (Bo 1225, Bo 1253). C, D: A. bergi (Bo 1275, Bo 1282). E, F: A. fungicola (Bo 1264, Bo 1236). G: A. multisetosa (HT Bo 1270). H, I: A. paucisetosa (Cb 2 / 2, PT Bo 1255). J, K: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1234, ST Bo 1237). L: A. sexdentis (HT Bo 1233). M, N: A. sinuosocarinata (PT Bo 1287, HT Bo 1273). - Abbreviations and symbols: sr 7 transversal ridge of subgenital plate S 7; short interruptions of this ridge indicated by arrows, larger gaps delimited by double bars.

Figure 20. Terminalia with genitalia of females of Attaphila species, ventral view, posterior end on top. A, B: A. paucisetosa (PT Bo 1226, PT Bo 1255), A with, B without laterosternal shelf area. C, D: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1234, ST Bo 1237), C with, D without laterosternal shelf area. - Abbreviations: aa anterior arch; ca central apodeme; ce cercus; gcf fold dividing genital chamber (posterior edge labeled); gcp pouch of genital chamber (one-sided); gg-m mesal gonangulum sclerite; IC intercalary sclerite; ls laterosternal-shelf sclerite (with central part c, arm part a, wing part w, posterolateral extremity p); lst laterosternal-shelf tube; pl posterior lobe; PP paraproct; pt 8,9 extension of paratergite 9; sp spermathecal plate; T 9, T 10 abdominal tergites 9 and 10; T 10 - p posterior border of tergite 10; v 1, v 3 1 st and 3 rd valves of ovipositor; vlf valvifer of segment 8 (arrow pointing to zone where median widening starts). A articulations, A 2 between gg-m and pl, A 3 between gg-m and basal sclerotisation of v 1, A 5 between pt 8,9 and vlf. (See Supplement 1 and Supplement 3 Fig. S 2 A, B, C for additional explanations and more complete labeling using different terminologies.)

Figure 21. A-C: Terminalia with genitalia of females of Attaphila species, ventral view, posterior end on top. A: A. multisetosa (HT Bo 1270), without laterosternal shelf area, cerci damaged; inset showing median part of genital chamber dorsal wall. B: A. sinuosocarinata (HT Bo 1273), without laterosternal shelf area; inset showing median part of genital chamber dorsal wall. C: A. sexdentis (HT Bo 1233), with laterosternal shelf area. - D: Female of A. paucisetosa carrying an ootheca; length of animal ca. 3 mm. - Abbreviations: aa anterior arch; ca central apodeme; ce cercus; gcf fold dividing genital chamber (posterior edge labeled); gcp pouch of genital chamber (one-sided); gg-m mesal gonangulum sclerite; IC intercalary sclerite; ls laterosternal-shelf sclerite (with posterolateral extremity p); lst laterosternal-shelf tube; otkl ootheca keel; pl posterior lobe; PP paraproct; pt 8,9 extension of paratergite 9; sp spermathecal plate; T 9, T 10 abdominal tergites 9 and 10; T 10 - p posterior border of tergite 10; vlf valvifer of segment 8; A articulations, A 2 between gg-m and pl, A 3 between gg-m and basal sclerotisation of v 1, A 5 between pt 8,9 and vlf. Arrow in A, B showing mesal border of putative weak sclerotisation in dorsal wall of genital chamber. (See Supplement 1 and Supplement 3 Fig. S 2 A, B, C for additional explanations and more complete labeling using different terminologies.)

Figure 22. Laterosternal shelf area of females of Attaphila species, ventral view, posteriorly on top. A, B: A. aptera (Bo 1225, Bo 1257), in A left tube distorted (ventral part of tube squeezed laterally, as indicated by grey arrow). C, D: A. bergi (Bo 1282, Bo 1239). E, F: A. fungicola (Bo 1264, Bo 1447). G: A. multisetosa (HT Bo 1270). H: A. paucisetosa (PT Bo 1255). I: A. sexdentis (HT Bo 1233). J: A. schuppi (ST Bo 1237). K, L: A. sinuosocarinata (HT Bo 1273, PT Bo 1288). - Abbreviations: isf intersternal folds (of floor of vestibulum); ls laterosternal-shelf sclerite (with central part c, arm part a, wing part w, posterolateral extremity p); lst laterosternal-shelf tube; vfl floor of vestibulum. (See Supplement 3 Fig. S 2 D, E for more complete labeling using different terminologies.) - Arrows: Black arrows in A, D, I: twisting of sclerite at transition between ls-w and ls-p. Grey arrow in A indicates direction of squeezing of tube lst. Blue arrowheads: anterior extremity of wing part ls-w on mesal border of tube lst, ls-w either restricted to posterior half of tubes lst (e. g. K) or reaching far into anterior half (e. g. D). Red arrowheads: area where the posterior margin of ls-a bends dorsally, and where a bend or kink is often present in (inner) lateral border of tube lst (compare white arrowheads in Fig. 23 C, D, H, I, J). Black arrowheads: membranous inner lateral border of tube lst posterior to the bend or kink (compare Fig. 23 C, D, H, I and black arrowheads in sections beside D). - Inserts in B, D, E, K showing right (of picture and animal) tube lst with posterior margin of ls-a (red line; compare Fig. 23 C-E) and anterior margin of ls-w (blue line; compare Fig. 23 F, G).

Figure 25. Subgenital plate (sternite S 9) and phallomeres of males of Attaphila species, dorsal view, anteriorly on top. A, B: A. paucisetosa, subgenital plate with phallomeres (PT Bo 1254, Bo 1444), hook and right phallomere removed in B. C: A. flava, subgenital plate with phallomeres (HT Bo 1280). D, E: A. fungicola. D showing subgenital plate with phallomeres (LT Bo 1265), hook not seen in profile; E showing isolated hook seen in profile (Bo 1229). - Abbreviations: T 9 p ventrally bent lateral (paratergal) part of tergite 9; otherwise as for Fig. 24.

Figure 26. Subgenital plate (sternite S 9) and phallomeres of males of Attaphila species, phase contrast images of the same objects as shown in Fig. 25 A, C, D, anteriorly on top. A: A. flava (HT Bo 1280). B: A. fungicola (LT Bo 1265). C: A. paucisetosa (PT Bo 1254). - Abbreviations: A 1 articulation between S 9 and pt 9; cs cleft sclerite of right phallomere; ea endophallic apodeme; h hook; psa process; pt 9 extension of paratergite 9 contacting sternite 9; R 3 anterior principal sclerite of right phallomere; sll left stylus; sta 9 anterior apodeme of subgenital plate S 9; vf 9 subgenital lobe; vi virga. Arrow: in A indicating that the distal part of the subgenital lobe is broken off.

Figure 3 (A-J). Tegmina (forewings) of males of Attaphila species, dorsal views, left tegmen at the left. - Species: A, B: A. aptera (Bo 1252); C, D: A. bergi (Bo 1443); E, F: A. flava (HT Bo 1280); G, H: A. fungicola (Bo 1229); I, J: A. paucisetosa (Bo 1441). - Abbreviation: fwar forewing articulation area. In A borders specified as addressed in the text.