Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Stockmann, Mark & Šťáhlavský, František, 2020, Notes on Compsobuthus: redescription of C. arabicus Levy et al., 1973 from Arabia, and description of two new species from North Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Euscorpius 298, pp. 1-40 : 3

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.5741445
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:15B1EA02-BFD2-43CB-80FD-B8B12BA6C0BC
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5741449
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3133B07B-FFA4-1076-966D-A52C5815FD5C
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949
status

Treatment

Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 View in CoL

( Figures 1–224 View Figures 1–9 View Figures 10–17 View Figures 18–22 View Figures 22–37 View Figures 38–54 View Figures 55–64 View Figure 65 View Figure 66 View Figure 67 View Figure 68 View Figures 69–77 View Figures 78–84 View Figures 85–93 View Figures 94–102 View Figures 103–104 View Figures 105–106 View Figures 107–108 View Figure 109 View Figures 110–113 View Figures 114–122 View Figures 123–134 View Figures 135–155 View Figures 156–157 View Figures 158–159 View Figures 160–167 View Figures 168–171 View Figures 172–179 View Figures 180–189 View Figures 190–209 View Figures 210–224 , Tables 1–4 View Table 1 View Table 2 View Table 3 View Table 4 )

Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949: 93 ( 1952: 213) View in CoL ; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 124 (complete reference list until 1998); KovařÍk, 2003: 88 (in part); KovařÍk, 2009: 31; KovařÍk & Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2013: 145–158, figs. 777–941; KovařÍk et al., 2016a: 1–21 View Cited Treatment , figs. 1–77; KovařÍk, 2018a: 1–11 View Cited Treatment , figs. 1–39, tab. 1; KovařÍk, 2018b: 4–6 View Cited Treatment , figs. 1–9.

TYPE SPECIES. Buthus acutecarinatus Simon, 1882 .

DIAGNOSIS. Small to medium-sized buthid scorpions, total length 20–55 mm. Carapace with distinct carinae, central lateral and posterior lateral carinae connected to form continuous linear series of granules, projecting beyond posterior margin as distinct spiniform processes. Carapace in lateral view with entire dorsal surface horizontal, 5 pairs of lateral eyes. Cheliceral fixed finger with two ventral denticles. Sternum type 1, sub-triangular. Pectines with fulcra, pectine teeth number 9–34. Hemispermatophore flagelliform, capsule in ‘3+1’-lobe configuration (‘ Buthus ’ group; KovařÍk et al., 2016a), with 3 sperm hemiduct lobes well separated from flagellum, basal lobe a well-developed acuminate hook. Tergites I–VI with three carinae projecting beyond posterior margins as distinct spiniform processes. Sternites III–VI with slit-like spiracles. Orthobothriotaxic type A. Pedipalp femur with dorsal trichobothria arranged in β -configuration. Pedipalp patella with trichobothrium d 3 internal to dorsomedian carina; chela with db basal to est, eb located on fixed finger; chela manus with Eb 1–3 triad angled proximally (δ -configuration) or almost collinear (λ -configuration). Dentate margin of pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 8–14 linear rows, with 4 terminal granules and one basal terminal granule. Tibial spurs present on third and fourth pairs of legs.

REMARKS ON KARYOTYPES. We analyzed karyotypes of four Compsobuthus species ( Table 4 View Table 4 ). All examined specimens of C. acutecarinatus , C. arabicus , C. maindroni and C. ullrichi sp. n. possess 2n=22 ( Figs. 210, 213, 216, 219, 222 View Figures 210–224 ) and their chromosomes gradually decrease in length ( Figs. 212, 215, 218, 221, 224 View Figures 210–224 , Table 4 View Table 4 ). This number of chromosomes was also previously found in C. eritreaensis KovařÍk, Lowe, PlÍškovÁ & ŠťÁhlavský, 2016 ( KovařÍk et al., 2016a) and C. matthiesseni (Birula, 1905) ( ŠťÁhlavský et al., 2014) ( Table 4 View Table 4 ). This genus seems to have a conserved diploid number, similar to the genus Androctonus , which typically has 2n= 24 in all analyzed species ( SadÍlek et al. 2015). The chromosomes of all examined Compsobuthus species also exhibit typical buthid features such as holocentric organization and achiasmatic meiosis in males (e. g. Mattos et al., 2013). We observed only bivalents in one male of C. acutecarinatus from the locality W of Qairoon Hairitti ( Fig. 211 View Figures 210–224 ) and in all males of C. maindroni ( Fig. 220 View Figures 210–224 ) during pachytene and postpachytene. However, we found also one quadrivalent in another two males of C. acutecarinatus from the localities Dhalkut beach and Wadi Ash Shuwaymiyyah ( Fig. 214 View Figures 210–224 ), in two males of C. arabicus from localities Jabal Bani Jabir and E of Wahiba ( Fig. 217 View Figures 210–224 ) and in the male hototype of C. ullrichi sp. n. ( Fig. 223 View Figures 210–224 ) during meiosis. Interestingly, the lengths of the chromosomes that form these multivalent associations are different among species ( Figs. 215, 221, 224 View Figures 210–224 ). This fact attests to the independent origin of these quadrivalents via reciprocal translocations that are very frequent chromosomal rearrangements within buthid scorpions (e. g. ŠťÁhlavský et al., 2014; Mattos et al., 2018).