Mosla dadoensis K.K.Jeong, M.J.Nam & H.J.Choi, 2022

Jang, Hyun-Do, Jeong, Kwi-Kwan, Nam, Myoung-Ja, Song, Jun-Ho, Moon, Hye-Kyoung & Choi, Hyeok Jae, 2022, Mosla dadoensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the southern islands of South Korea, PhytoKeys 208, pp. 185-199 : 185

Mosla dadoensis K.K.Jeong, M.J.Nam & H.J.Choi sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 3A, C, E, G , 4A, C, E

Diagnosis.

This new species is morphologically similar to M. chinensis , but is easily distinguished from the latter by having two types of hairs on its stems, wider leaf blades, longer corolla length, and ellipsoid nutlets with a narrowly U-shaped extended area of abscission scar.

Type.

Korea. Jeonnam: Yeosu-si, Geumo-do Isl. , 34°30'11.1"N, 127°44'34.2"E, elev. 110 m, 22 Sep 2021 [fl], H.J.Choi 210923-001 [Holotype: KB (Fig. 2 ); Isotypes: CWNU, KB, KH, KIOM, KSM] .

Description.

Herbs annual, aromatic. Stems 10-60 cm tall, many branched from base, densely pubescent with white recurved hairs and densely to moderately intermixed with white villous, with impressed glands. Leaves petiolate; petiole 2-5 mm long, pubescent with white villous; blades narrowly lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1-3 cm × 4-10 mm, sparsely pubescent, dotted with impressed glands, adaxially olive green, abaxially gray, base cuneate, margin remotely serrate, apex acute. Racemes terminal, 1-2.5 cm, bracts overlapping, circular-obovate, 5-7 × 4-5 mm, margin ciliate, apex caudate. Pedicel pubescent. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, dilated after anthesis, subequally 5-toothed; teeth subulate, ca. 2/3 to 3/4 as long as calyx tube. Corolla slightly 2-labiate, pale purple, ca. 1.5 times longer than bracts, 8-9 mm long, pubescent outside, pubescent with long white villous on lower lip inside; upper lip straight, emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe largest, slightly recurved. Stamens 4, included (non-exserted); filaments shorter than anthers; anthers linear, cells divergent, ca. 2 mm long, connectives distinct. Pistil included; sigma bifid. Nutlets brown to blackish-brown, ellipsoid, 1.2-1.6 × 0.9-1.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with gland, pitted with deep depressions, abscission scar basal position, elliptic, extended, extended area narrowly U-shaped at the ventral side, ratio of abscission scar / nutlet diameter 0.51-0.53, primary sculpture outline of cells isodiametric, tetragonal to hexagonal, anticlinal walls straight, raised, thin, periclinal walls concave, secondary sculpture micropapillate.

Phenology.

Flowering and fruiting from August to November.

Distribution and habitat.

Endemic to southern coastal regions of Korea (Fig. 5 ). Open rocky area near the coast; at altitudes of 8-500 m.

Etymology.

The specific epithet, " dadoensis ", is based on the name of location, the Dadohae southern coastal region of Korea, where Mosla dadoensis was discovered.

Vernacular name.

The Korean name of the new species is "Da-do-hae-san-deul-kkae ( 다도해산들깨)”.

Morphological assessment.

Mosla dadoensis is morphologically similar to M. chinensis , from which it is clearly differentiated by the hairs on its stems [white recurved hairs and intermixed with white villous (Fig. 1B ) vs. white recurved hairs only], shape and size of leaf blades [narrowly lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1-3 cm × 4-10 mm (Figs 1D, E ) vs. linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-5 cm × 1.3-4 mm], length of corolla [8-9 mm (Figs 1G, H ) vs. 5-6 mm], and shape of nutlets [ellipsoid with narrowly U-shaped extended area of abscission scar (Figs 1J , 3A, C , 4A, C ) vs. globose to subglobose with widely U-shaped extended area of abscission scar (Figs 3B, D , 4B, D )]. Mosla dadoensis is also distinguished from M. chinensis by its distinctive tetragonal to hexagonal nutlet surface cells with straight and thin anticlinal walls (Table 3 ; Fig. 3 ). In addition, this new species is morphologically similar to Chinese narrow endemic M. hangchouensis Matsuda. However, it is easily distinguished by its length of corolla [8-9 mm and ca. twice as long as calyx (Fig. 1F ) vs. ca. 10 mm and ca. three times longer than calyx], relative length of pistil to the corolla [included (Figs 1B, F, G ) vs. clearly exserted], shape and size of nutlets [ellipsoid, 0.9-1.3 mm in diam. (Figs 1J , 3A, C ) vs. globose to subglobose, ca. 2.1 mm in diam], and later flowering and fruiting season (August to November vs. June to September). The major characters of the new species are compared to those of the related M. chinensis and M. hangchouensis in Table 3 .

Phylogenetic analysis.

The combined dataset has 12 aligned sequences comprising 2,910 bp (609 bp for ITS, 371 bp for ETS, 439 bp for rbc L, 736 bp for mat K, and 755 bp for trn L-F), of which 102 occupied variable positions (3.51%). Our phylogenetic tree (Fig. 6 ) revealed a similar topology to that obtained in the previous study ( Li et al. 2017). Mosla species were constructed as monophyletic, and M. dadoensis was classified as a clade independent from other members of Mosla on the ML tree. M. dadoensis was distinguished from M. chinensis , a related species distributed in China and Korea. Instead, the tree is shown to form a clade closer to M. dadoensis in Korea and M. hangchouensis in China (Fig. 6 ).

Additional specimens examined.

Mosla dadoensis (Paratypes): Korea: Jeonnam: Yeosu-si, Geumo-do Isl., 34°30'11.1"N, 127°44'34.2"E, elev. 110 m, 25 Oct 2021 (fr), H.J.Choi 211025-001 (CWNU); Goheung-gun ( Naro-do Isl. ), Bongrae-myeon, Jangpo-san, 34°25'25.46"N, 127°30'26.90"E, elev. 307 m, 26 Feb 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU); Goheung-gun ( Naro-do Isl. ), Bongrae-myeon, Bongrae-san, 34°25'45.51"N, 127°30'56.77"E, elev. 150 m, 26 Feb 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU); Jindo-gun, Yeogui-san, 34°23'41.91"N, 126°14'21.00"E, elev. 296 m, 27 Feb 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU); Jindo-gun, Imhoe-myeon, Namdong-ri, Hanbok-san, 34°22'18.1"N, 126°9'42.7"E, elev. 96 m, 9 Oct 2013 (fl, fr), JJP7102 (KB); Goheung-gun, Dohwa-myeon, 34°29'14.01"N, 127°19'26.06"E, elev. 8 m, 3 Mar 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU); Goheung-gun, Dohwa-myeon, 34°26'42.11"N, 127°20'06.30"E, elev. 39 m, 3 Mar 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU); Wando-gun, Bogil-myeon, Jeokja-bong, 3 Oct 2003 (fr), B.Y.Sun et al. s.n. (KB); Wando-gun, Bogil-myeon, Yesong-ri, Geokja-bong, 34°32'38.88"N, 126°55'39.32"E, elev. 303 m, 24 Oct 2013 (fr), kjs 130042 (KB); Wando-gun, Wando-eup, Daeya-ri, 34°22'12.22"N, 126°40'56.03"E, elev. 505 m, 11 Aug 2014, Y.H.Cho & H.J.Na 140811107 (KB); Wando-gun, Bogil-myeon, Buhwang-ri, 34.128717N, 126.535047E, elev. 50 m, 7 Oct 2017, WR-171007-075 (KH); Wando-gun, Bogil-myeon, Yesong-ri, Gyeokjabong, 34°08'15.50"N, 126°33'32.90"E, elev. 148 m, 7 Nov 2009 (fr), HNHM-2010-0355 (KH); Wando-gun, Cheongsan-myeon, Cheonggye-ri, 34.159905N, 126.897922E, elev. 80 m, 8 Sep 2017 (fl, fr), WR-170908-003 (KH); Wando-gun, Saengil-myeon, Bongseon-ri, 7 Sep 2003 (fl), Lee.Y.H. 030062 (KH) . Gyeongnam: Namhae-gun (Namhae-do Isl.), Nam-myeon , Eungbong-san , 34°43'40.24"N, 127°53'15.65"E, elev. 268 m, 1 Mar 2022, K.K.Jeong s.n. (CWNU) .

Mosla chinensis : Korea: Gyeonggi: Anyang-si, Dongan-gu, Bisan-dong, 37°25'23."N, 126°57'34.4"E, elev. 235 m, (fr), PWK-133 (KH); Suwon-si, Gwonseon-gu, Homaesil-dong, Chilbo-san, 37°15'40.39"N, 126°55'47.4"E, elev. 84 m, 24 Sep 2009 (fr), NIBRVP0000209769 (KB); Incheon-si, Ganghwa-gun, Gilsang-myeon, Donggeom-ri, Donggeom-do Isl., 37°35'25.2"N, 126°31'2.7"E, elev. 63 m, 8 Sep 2012, NIBRVP0000400499 (KB); Paju-si, Tanhyeon-myeon, Bupheung-ri, 37°46'02.4"N, 126°41'19.4"E, elev. 100 m, 30 Aug 2006, VP-NAPI-376034-053 (KB). Chungbuk: Jeungpyeong-gun, Jeungpyeong-eup, Jwagu-san, 36°42'41.8"N, 127°39'39.2"E, elev. 500 m, 25 Aug 2011 (fl), Geumbuk-203 (KH). Chungnam: Seosan-si, Daesan-eup, Ungdo-ri, 36°55'04.4"N, 126°22'24.8"E, elev. 0 m, 15 Aug 2012, DJUIDC20120154 (KH). Jeonbuk: Gimje-si, Dojang-dong, Hwang-san, 35°46'35"N, 126°56'30.1"E, elev. 12 m, 27 Aug 2011, 357014-0420 (KB). Jeonnam: Haenam-gun, Hwangsan-myeon, Wonho-ri, Hakdong village, 34°34'15.14"N, 126°29'2.22"E, elev. 3 m, 17 Sep 2008 (fl), ParkSH81875 (KH); Jindo-gun, Jodo-myeon, Sinyuk-ri, Hajo-do Isl., Sinjeon beach, 34°17'21.5"N, 126°01'88.1"E, elev. 39 m, 6 Sep 2011, HS110899 (KH); Sinan-gun, Docho-myeon, Oryu-ri, Near Simok Sandbeach, 34.725447N, 125.908671E, elev. 30 m, 24 Oct 2007, WR-071024-170 (KH); Sinan-gun, Docho-myeon, Oryu-ri, Near Simok Sandbeach, 34.725447N, 125.908671E, elev. 30 m, 24 Oct 2007, NAM-071024-199 (KH); Yeonggwang-gun, Hongnong-eup, Gyema-ri, Gamami beach, 11 Sep 2012, P126974 (KH); Hwasun-gun, Doam-myeon, Daecho-ri, Cheonbulsan, Unjusa, 34°55'27.3"N, 126°52'14.0"E, elev. 109 m, 6 Sep 2009, SGU 0940 (KH); Gangjin-gun, Byeongyeong-myeon, Jiro-ri, Suin-san, 34°42'56.9'N, 126°50'18.5"E, elev. 174 m, 12 Aug 2014 (fl), HNHM-D-140197 (KH); Sinan-gun, Aphae-myeon, Songgong-ri, Songgong-san wetland, 34.844604N, 126.252203E, elev. 25 m, 19 Sep 2007 (fl), WR-070919-255 (KH); Jindo-gun, Gunnae-myeon, Geumseong-ri, 34°32'54.1"N, 126°17'38.6"E, elev. 30 m, 14 Sep 2005 (fr), ESJeon 52851 (KH); Naju-si, Dado-myeon, Masan-ri, Bulhoe-sa Temple, 34°55'15.7"N, 126°53'35.8"E, elev. 126 m, 14 Sep 2005, ESJeon 52829 (KH); Hampyeong-gun, Hakgyo-myeon, Gokchang-ri, 35.026751°N, 126.570272°E, elev. 100 m, 9 Sep 2012 (fl), WR-20120909-044 (KH); Sinan-gun, Amtae-myeon, Songgok-ri, Amtae-do Isl., 34°50'20.5"N, 126°8'35.9"E, elev. 13 m, 10 Oct 2019, YLJLVP0000006165 (KB); Gangjin-gun, Gundong-myeon, Pungdong-ri, Seongjak-gol, 34°30'48.45"N, 126°40'49.90"E, elev. 294 m, 23 Sep 2010, C201009-0117 (KB); Sinan-gun, Aphae-myeon, Janggam-ri, 34°49'3.9"N, 126°20'58.1"E, elev. 14 m, 4 Oct 2012 (fl), KOSPVP0000256241 (KB); Jindo-gun, Gunnae-myeon, Dunjeon-ri, Geumgol-san, 34°32'24.8"N, 126°17'39.2"E, elev. 81 m, 27 Oct 2013 (fl), KOSPVP0000291190 (KB); Sinan-gun, Jeungdo-myeon, Jeungdong-ri, Gubunpo, Gwakdae-bong to Bunpo reservoir, 28 Sep 1997 (fl), EN97CUB404 (KB). Gyeongbuk: Sangju-si, Jungdong-myeon, Hoesang-ri, Hwanggeum-san, 36°27'55.3"N, 128°16'34.2"E °, elev. 210 m, 9 Sep 2012 (fl), KTPSA-2012076 (KH); Daegu-si, Dong-gu, Jimyo-dong, 35°56'25.09"N, 128°39'49.04"E, elev. 202 m, 21 Aug 2013 (fl), DJUIDC2013-212 (KH); Yecheon-gun, Jibo-myeon, Amcheon-ri, 36°33'06.00"N, 128°27'11.09"E, elev. 11 m, 7 Sep 2011 (fl), Nakdong-1632 (KH); Gyeongbuk, Sangju-si, Jungdong-myeon, Hoesang-ri, 36°27'54.9"N, 128°16'37.0"E, elev. 236 m, 8 Sep 2012, NAPI2012-0153 (KH); Cheongsong-gun, Hyeonseo-myeon, Hwamok-ri, 36°16'24.4"N, 128°52'22.1"E, elev. 387 m, 3 Aug 2018, NIBRVP0000703391 (KB); Gunwi-gun, Bugye-myeon, Changpyeong-ri, San 100, 36°4'56.36"N, 128°41'34.59"E, elev. 225 m, 27 Sep 2019 (fr), NIBRVP0000756907 (KB); Andong-si, Iljik-myeon, Wonho-ri, Jaam-san, 36°29'54.08"N, 128°40'37.14"E, elev. 302 m, 21 Aug 2017 (fl), NIBRVP0000632258 (KB); Gunwi-gun, Bugye-myeon, Changpyeong-ri, 36°4'59.04"N, 128°41'35.97"E, elev. 220m, 29 Aug 2019, NIBRVP0000754852 (KB); Uiseong-gun, Bian-myeon, Jarak-ri, Haemang-san, 36°22'52.31"N, 128°31'3.79"E, elev. 202 m, 3 Oct 2017 (fr), NIBRVP0000643724 (KB); Gimcheon-si, Nam-myeon, Busang-ri, Geumo-san, San 168-7, 36°3'58.8"N, 128°16'34.1"E, elev. 220 m, 20 Sep 2015 (fl), NIBRVP0000585241 (KB); Gumi-si, Namtong-dong, Geumo-san, Peak to Beopseong temple, 36°5'52.5"N, 128°19'46"E, elev. 250 m, 5 Oct 2015 (fr), NIBRVP0000586707 (KB). Gyeongnam: Milyang-si, Muan-myeon, Garye-ri, Yeongchwi-san, 35°29'57.40"N, 128°35'02.20"E, elev. 201 m, 14 Sep 2009 (fr), HNHM-2009-0392 (KH).

Figures

Figure 1. Mosla dadoensis A habit B raceme C stem D, E leaf (D adaxial E abaxial) F flower G, H corolla (S stamen P pistil) I calyx J seed. Photos from H. J. Choi 210923 - 001 (A-H) and H. J. Choi 211025 - 001 (I, J).

Figure 2. Photograph of the holotype of Mosla dadoensis.

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of nutlets in Mosla dadoensis (A, C, E, G) and M. chinensis (B, D, F, H) A, B abaxial C, D adaxial (C small picture showing gland) E, F primary sculpture pattern G, H secondary sculpture pattern (micropapillate).

Figure 4. Stereo- and scanning electron microscope micrographs of abscission scar in Mosla dadoensis (A, C, E) and M. chinensis (B, D, F).

Figure 5. Distribution map of Mosla dadoensis and M. chinensis in Korea.

Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree of Mosla dadoensis and related taxa based on concatenated alignments of two nrDNA (ITS, ETS) and three cpDNA regions (rbc L, mat K, trn L-F). The numbers above branches are bootstrap values (BS> 50 %) used in the maximum likelihood method. Distribution information was obtained from Plants of the World Online (https: // powo. science. kew. org).