Triplectides mantiqueira, Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos, 2025

Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda & Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira, 2025, Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations, Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83, pp. 757-796 : 757-796

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.83.e158227
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9E2BC1CD-E4CD-4287-B495-E79A2C8ED096
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17961779
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/309022F5-A3D8-5D59-8B39-5A0D5DDAAB76
treatment provided by	Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny by Pensoft
scientific name	Triplectides mantiqueira
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

3.2. 6. Triplectides mantiqueira sp. nov.

Figures 16 View Figure 16 , 17 View Figure 17 , 18 View Figure 18

Type material.

Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; São Paulo, Campos de Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão, Rio Cosquilho ; 21 Oct. 2006; light trap; M. R. Spies leg.; [DNA Voucher ENT 2313]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9218 . – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Vale do Aiuruoca, Rio Aiuruoca ; alt. 1,860 m; 25 Nov. 2010; D. M. Takiya leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2384]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 2922 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Bocaina de Minas, Córrego do Morro Cavado, Cachoeira Santa Clara ; 22°18′53.70″S 44°35′45.20″W; 27 Jan. 2012; light trap; B. H. Sampaio, A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2383]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9221 GoogleMaps • 1 larva; same data as for preceding; hand net; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2000]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9220 GoogleMaps • 1 larva; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, 2 nd stream after Fazenda Cabeceira do Aiuruoca ; 13 Oct. 2001; J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2315]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9223 • 1 ♂; São Paulo, São José do Barreiro, Lajeado, Córrego da Floresta, Cachoeira do Paredão ; 22°43′33.30″S 44°37′17.60″W; alt. 1,540 m, 01 Nov. 2012; P. M. Souto leg [DNA voucher ENT 3722]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9219 GoogleMaps .

Description.

Adult male. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly golden brown with white setae. Forewings with forks I and V present (Fig. 16 A View Figure 16 ); fork I with a long petiole (Fig. 16 A View Figure 16 ); discoidal cell long and apically widened (Fig. 16 A View Figure 16 ); tyridial cell 1.5 x longer than discoidal cell, discoidal cell narrowing to the apex (Fig. 16 A View Figure 16 ); cross vein s almost straight, r-m and m-cu very short and almost aligned (Fig. 16 A View Figure 16 ). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 16 B View Figure 16 ); fork I sessile or with a short petiole (Fig. 16 D View Figure 16 ). Length of forewing 15–16 mm, length of hind wing 11–12 mm (n = 4). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, short with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ); tergum IX, in dorsal view, with posterior margin trapezoidal, truncated, medially with internal process protruded (Fig. 17 B View Figure 17 ). Preanal appendages digitate, thin, as longer as half the length of tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 B View Figure 17 ). Tergum X, in lateral view, tall in anterior area with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tapering apically to a rounded apex, slightly upturned (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ); in dorsal view, almost straight, apex rounded, V-shaped apicomesal incision extending beyond half the length of the segment, bearing a longitudinal ridge sublaterally from the middle of the tergum to the apex (Fig. 17 A, B View Figure 17 ). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond the tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 A, C View Figure 17 ); 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond 2 nd article, with very long setae (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ); basoventral lobes digitate, rounded apically and bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ); in ventral view, mesal lobes longer than insertion of 2 nd article, broad at the base, sinuate with rounded apex, obliquely directed (Fig. 17 C View Figure 17 ), color of the mesal lobe gradient from brown to dark brown towards the apex; 2 nd article slender, wide at base, gradually curved inwards to an acute apex (Fig. 17 C View Figure 17 ). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical U-shaped incision, with a mesal projection (Fig. 17 D View Figure 17 ), with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned, in ventral view (Fig. 17 D View Figure 17 ), and oval in lateral view (Fig. 17 E View Figure 17 ). — Larva. Length up to 20 mm (n = 2) (Fig. 18 A View Figure 18 ). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) brown to yellowish brown, with pale oval area around stemmata (Fig. 18 B View Figure 18 ). Head almost rectangular slightly enlarged in posterior region (Fig. 18 B View Figure 18 ). Many muscles scars pale to pale brown at front and at posterior portion of the head (Fig. 18 B View Figure 18 ). Labrum pale brown, subtrapezoidal with three pairs of long setae near the posterior margin. Mandible dark, asymmetrical, typical for Triplectides . Submentum elongate, oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, anterior portion slightly wide with a slight constriction at mid-length, narrowing posteriorly to acute tip (Fig. 18 B View Figure 18 ). — Thorax: Pronotum and mesonotum brown (Fig. 18 D View Figure 18 ). Pronotum with pale muscle scars; anterior margin crenulate, lateral margin slightly produced and crenulate (Fig. 18 C, D View Figure 18 ). Mesonotum pale, almost covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with long single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (1 mesal and 1 lateromesal long seta, and 1 posterior short); sa 3 each with 5–6 setae (2 long setae and the others short). Metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites: sa 1 pair, subquadrate, bearing each a long seta, sa 2 pair subquadrate, weakly sclerotized, with a pair of long setae, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, bearing each with 4–6 setae. Prosternum trapezoidal; mesostenum with a pair of subrectangular sclerites, curved laterally; metasternum with a setal area bearing around 15 setae (Fig. 18 E View Figure 18 ). Foretrochantin with anterodorsal corner pointed and upturned and anteroventral corner rounded (Fig. 18 C View Figure 18 ). Legs yellowish brown, and setose (Fig. 18 G View Figure 18 ). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII; segments II – VI with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VII with lateral and ventral filaments; segment VIII with ventral filaments (Fig. 18 H View Figure 18 ). Segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment I with 2 pairs of long setae at the base of the dorsal hump. Segment VIII with a pair of posteromesal setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on posterior margin and 2 pairs of very short, lateral setae behind those, and an anterolateral short seta at each side of the sclerite (Fig. 18 F View Figure 18 ). Anal claw single, large and pointed, with a very small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 18 F View Figure 18 ). — Larval case: Length up to 25 mm. A hollow stick or empty cases of Marilia sp. ( Odontoceridae ) (Fig. 18 I View Figure 18 ). — Adult female and pupa unknown.

Etymology.

The specific epithet ‘ mantiqueira ’ refers to the Serra da Mantiqueira, a mountain range that stretches across three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. ‘ Mantiqueira’ from the Tupi-guarani language, meaning “ rain drop ” – through the junction of the terms ‘ amana’ (rain) and ‘ tykyra’ (drop). The name gives an idea of the great importance of the mountain range as a source of drinking water, forming rivers that supply many cities of southeastern Brazil.

Distribution.

Brazil ( Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states).

Habitat.

Specimens are observed in creeks with stony bottoms, with crystalline fast-flowing waters, in areas of montane Atlantic Forest, above 1,000 m of elevation.

Remarks.

The male of Triplectides mantiqueira sp. nov. can be confused with T. flintorum , T. gracilis , and T. neotropicus by having the slightly sinuate mesal lobe of the inferior appendages (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ). However, in the new species, the mesal lobe has a more rounded apex, which is obliquely directed (Fig. 17 A View Figure 17 ). Another feature that helps distinguish this new species is the posterior margin of segment IX in dorsal view being truncate and almost straight (Fig. 17 B View Figure 17 ), while in T. gracilis and T. neotropicus it is triangular in dorsal view and projected dorsally over tergum X in lateral view ( Holzenthal 1988). Furthermore, the new species can be easily distinguished from the others by its straight, apically subtruncate tergum X with the apicomesal incision extending at half-length of the segment, in dorsal view (Fig. 17 B View Figure 17 ), while in T. gracilis the tergum X has the internal margin of the apex slightly pointed, in T. neotropicus the apex is rounded, and in T. flintorum is rounded with the mesal incision short. All of our molecular analyses supported this new species, except the EF- 1 α based bPTP analysis. (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). Intraspecific K 2 P divergences of COI sequences were relatively low, reaching only 1.3 %, whereas the lowest interspecific divergence was 14.9 % (Table 3).

In general, larvae of T. mantiqueira sp. nov. can be identified by head and body sclerites brown to pale brown with labrum, antenna, and legs pale (Fig. 18 A View Figure 18 ). The main characters to distinguishing larval individuals of this species are the rectangular head slightly enlarged posteriorly; ventral apotome subtriangular with anterior portion slightly wide with a slight constriction at mid-length, narrowing posteriorly to acute tip; pronotum with muscle scars pale, anterior margin crenulate, and lateral margin slightly produced and crenulate; metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites being sa 2 weakly sclerotized; metasternum with setal area bearing around 15 setae; foretrochantin with anterodorsal corner pointed and upturned and anteroventral corner rounded; and abdominal gills (Fig. 18 H View Figure 18 ) present on segments II – VIII (segments II – VI with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments, segment VII with lateral and ventral filaments, and segment VIII with ventral filaments).