Rapturella atlas, Cunha & Simone, 2018
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.1.7 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:13AD67F2-D182-47F5-8664-5BF46B6102B0 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971827 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B53DED70-F324-4F4A-9B87-0CB1D59D38FF |
taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:B53DED70-F324-4F4A-9B87-0CB1D59D38FF |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Rapturella atlas |
status |
sp. nov. |
Rapturella atlas View in CoL n. sp. ( Figure 1 View FIGURE 1 )
Type material. Holotype MZSP 91018 View Materials ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 A–B) . Paratypes: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro state, Cape São Tomé, 21°58.32' S 40°02.05' W, 155 m, MZSP 107499 View Materials , 1 View Materials shell (18.vi.2005); São Paulo state, São Sebastião , 24°44'69" S 44°44'965" W, 153 m, MZSP 107496 View Materials ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 C–F), 1 shell, MZSP 107497 View Materials , 1 View Materials shell, MNHN 25271 About MNHN , 2 About MNHN shells, MNRJ 30855 View Materials , 2 View Materials shells; 24°42.8' S 44°42.9' W, 162 m, MZSP 107498 View Materials , 2 View Materials shells (20.xi.1997); 25°14.4' S 45°03.1' W, 147 m, MZSP 107500 View Materials , 4 View Materials shells (21.xi.1997) GoogleMaps .
Type locality. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, off Cape São Tomé , 22°00.708' S 40°03.380' W, 162 m (Project Frade Development, sta BC_A_E39_1, C.H. Caetano coll., 29.vi.2005) GoogleMaps .
Etymology. In honors of Atlas, the nick name of Frank Fontaine, the character of the science-fiction video game series BioShock: an allusion to the hidden identity of the species. The noun in apposition.
Diagnosis. Small shell with walls strongly thickened. Umbilicus deep and narrow. Spiral grooves on teleoconch separated by regularly spaced intervals, each interval about 10 times wider than the grooves; last whorl has about 11 spiral grooves, but no subsutural grooves. Palatal region has no thickened area.
Description. Shell oval, profile rounded, maximum length (L) 3.1 mm; about 1.3 times longer than wide. Walls thickened. Color white; spire short, length about 1/4 of total length ( Fig. 1A, B View FIGURE 1 ). Protoconch small, glossy, 1 whorl; width about 0.4 mm; separated from teleoconch by narrow orthocline furrow ( Fig. 1F View FIGURE 1 : arrows). Teleoconch up to 4 whorls, each whorl convex ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). Surface smooth, glossy, sculptured with narrow punctuated spiral grooves distributed on entire teleoconch; punctuations very small, oval ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ); grooves regularly spaced, separated by gaps about 10 times wider than grooves; last whorl with about 11 spiral grooves, gradually becoming deeper and closer to each other towards umbilical area; 3 grooves on anterior half and 8 on posterior half; umbilicus rimate, partially covered by extension of columellar margin. Aperture about 2/3 of total length, antero-posteriorly elongated, length about 1.5 times width; posterior end pointed, anterior (siphonal) rounded. Inner lip concave; superior half convex, rounded, with thin callus, about 1.3 times length of inferior half; inferior half slightly concave, with shallow edge, and small thickened columellar fold in posterior region. Outer lip thick, with sharp edge.
Measurements (length by width in mm). Holotype: 2.8 by 1.6 ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 A–B). Paratypes: MZSP 107496 ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 C–F), 1 shell, 3.1 by 2.2; MZSP 107497, 1 shell, 2.6 by 1.7; MZSP 107498, 1 shell, 2.7 by 1.8; MZSP 107500, 3 shells, (#1) 2.3 by 1.5, (#2) 1.7 by 1.3, (#3) 2.3 by 1.6; MZSP 138843, 1 shell, 2.7 by 1.8; MNHN 25271, 2 shells, (#1), 2.0 by 1.4, (#2) 2.5 by 1.7; MNRJ 30855, 2 shells, (#1) 1.8 by 1.3; (#2) 2.5 by 1.7; MZSP 90698, 1 shell, 3.3 by 2.2; MZSP 91018, 1 shell, 2.6 by 1.7.
Distribution. Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo, Brazil.
Habitat. Muddy sand bottom, 147–162 m depth.
Material Examined. Types.
Remarks. Rapturella atlas n. sp. fits in the genus Rapturella because it presents most of the diagnostic features of the genus including a minute shell size with thick walls, rounded spire whorls with a subsutural shelf, a teleoconch sculptured by spiral grooves composed of rounded punctae, and the characteristic aperture with a rounded trapezoidal shape, a columellar region thickened with a weak fold, a narrow anal canal, and a rounded siphonal canal region.
Rapturella atlas View in CoL n. sp. most resembles R. ryani View in CoL , from the Florida Keys, USA. It differs by having a smaller size (length up to 2.5 mm, while R. ryani View in CoL easily reaches 4 mm); thicker walls forming a more solid shell; 3 spiral grooves on the penultimate whorl (5 more closely spaced grooves on R. ryani View in CoL ), about 3 grooves in the periumbilical region (about 10 more closely spaced grooves on R. ryani View in CoL ), and a smaller protoconch (0.42 mm, against 0.47 mm of R. ryani View in CoL ). Despite it being a smaller species, the smaller protoconch of R. atlas View in CoL is a relevant developmental parameter. Rapturella atlas View in CoL n. sp. differs from R. globulina (Forbes, 1884) View in CoL , from the Eastern Atlantic ( Salvador & Cunha, 2016), by its slightly rounded whorls forming a straighter profile (whorls of R. globulina View in CoL are more rounded), the small subsutural shoulder on each whorl (absent on R. globulina View in CoL ), and by the more widely spaced spiral grooves on its shell surface. Additionally, R. atlas View in CoL n. sp. differs from its congeners in lacking two closely spaced, punctate, subsutural grooves ( Salvador & Cunha 2016: fig. 4C, F), and in lacking a faint tooth-like thickening on the palatal region.
This discovery expands the geographic distribution of the genus Rapturella View in CoL southwards to the southwest Atlantic region off the Brazilian coast. However, the distribution of the genus remains restricted, like that of the genera Callostracon Repetto & Bianco, 2012 View in CoL and Mysouffa Marcus, 1974 View in CoL , to the Atlantic and Mediterranean. This conforms to the heterogenic distribution of acteonids, with most genera confined to specific regions such as the subarctic (e.g. Neactaeonina Thiele, 1912 View in CoL ), the Pacific (e.g. Pseudactaeon Thiele, 1925 View in CoL and Maxacteon Rudman, 1971 View in CoL ) or the Western Atlantic (e.g. Ovulactaeon Dall, 1889 View in CoL ). Only the genus Acteon View in CoL has a more widespread range, but, with species of such diverse shell shapes (e.g. Rudman 1971; Marcus 1974; Valdés 2008), further taxonomic investigation may result in its segregation into more genera.
The new species, as well as the genus Rapturella , are recognized only by a combination of few conchological characters. The lack of soft tissue samples inhibits any comparative morphological evaluations or molecular analyses. Thus, the putative relationships of the genus with other acteonids and the classification of the species, which we here assign to Rapturella , need to be tested once new quality samples become available.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Rapturella atlas
Cunha, Carlo M. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. 2018 |
Rapturella atlas
Cunha & Simone 2018 |
R. atlas
Cunha & Simone 2018 |
Rapturella atlas
Cunha & Simone 2018 |
R. atlas
Cunha & Simone 2018 |
R. ryani
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
R. ryani
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
R. ryani
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
R. ryani
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
R. ryani
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
Rapturella
Salvador & Cunha 2016 |
Callostracon
Repetto & Bianco 2012 |
Mysouffa
Marcus 1974 |
Maxacteon
Rudman 1971 |
Pseudactaeon
Thiele 1925 |
Neactaeonina
Thiele 1912 |
Ovulactaeon
Dall 1889 |
R. globulina
Forbes 1884 |
Acteon
Montfort 1810 |