Carychium frauenfeldii
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13127-019-00400-8 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/300F1A79-B42D-B746-E780-F8FEFDA6F9A0 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Carychium frauenfeldii |
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Type specimens frauenfeldii View in CoL : collection Freyer in Trieste contains no Zospeum specimens (pers. comm. De Mattia 2017).
osolei: Holotype MCSMNH 6835/1 & paratypes MCSMNH 6835/2–10; ZRC SAZU.
Specimens examined: Slovenia: NMBE 553388 View Materials /3, Podpeška jama, 23.6.2009, leg. Jochum ; NHMW /MO/ 13031, Podlon cave . — Bosnia and Herzegovina : NMBE 553385 View Materials /2, Hrustovača špilja, 27.3.2012, leg. Lukic ; NMBE 553386 View Materials /2. Hrustovača špilja, 27.3.2012, leg. Ozimec ; NMBE 553387 View Materials /1, Hrustovača špilja, 27.3.2012, leg. Ozimec ; NMBE 548795 View Materials /2, Hrustovača špilja, 27.3.2012, leg. Cukovic.
Diagnosis Shell ca. 1.8 mm, conical, transparent, sometimes ribbed, peristome roundish with a straight parietal shield, columella with a parietalis and a weak columellaris.
Measurements (n = 18): sh: 1.45–2.22 mm (mean: 1.776 ± 0.24 mm); sw: 0.99–1.33 mm (mean: 1.171 ± 0.12 mm); ah: 0.77–1.08 mm (mean: 0.9 ± 0.097 mm); aw: 0.64–0.89 mm (mean: 0.741 ± 0.075 mm); number of whorls: 4.75–5.5 (mean: 5.139 ± 0.246).
Description Shell conical, translucent when fresh; two morphologically very different, but genetically related forms are present:
1) B Typical^ Z. frauenfeldii ( Fig. 8a–d View Fig ): relatively tall, its shell surface strongly ribbed; aperture taller than wide; parietal shield sometimes well differentiated from the lip, sometimes not; its margin being straight or convex; parietalis present in the aperture and fairly prominent, extending one whorl into the shell, has a constant size throughout; columellaris starting either just behind the aperture or further within the shell, quickly declining in size, is very weak ¾ a whorl into the shell. Z. frauenfeldii osolei Slapnik 1994 ( Fig. 8c, d View Fig ) is preliminarily classified as a synonym here. It differs from the nominate form through it’ s smaller size, it’ s more pronounced columellaris reaching one whorl into the shell, its very weak palatalis and it’ s, on average, higher rib density. These traits vary either in this taxon or in the nominate species. We are currently averse to subdividing species, given the somewhat chaotic and incomplete taxonomic situation of the genus at the moment and are hesitant to elevate Z. f. osolei to species level (which might be done if genetic data in future studies supports it).
2) Z. frauenfeldii from northern Bosnia ( Fig. 8e View Fig ): small; shell surface smooth; aperture taller than wide; parietal shield well- differentiated from the lip, its margin straight; parietalis present in the aperture, but relatively weak; columellaris starting behind the aperture.
Protoconch densely covered with striae consisting of interconnected pits (Supplementary Fig. S16e); second whorl lacks pits but has discrete ribs and spiral lines forming a reticulate pattern (Supplementary Fig. S16f); teleoconch strongly costate (Supplementary Fig. S 16g). Radula: The tricuspid rachidian tooth of Z. frauenfeldii (Podpeška jama) has an obtuse mesocone flanked by a shorter endocone and an ectocone ¾ the length of the mesocone (Supplementary Fig. S17f). The lateral teeth are highly irregular (Supplementary Fig. S17f). Adjacent to the rachidian tooth, the right lateral teeth show multivariate forms (i.e., the mesocone bearing two subequal ectocones and a stubby endocone) with those on the left of the rachidian tooth, bearing two cusps with an additional nub-like endocone on the left side of the mesocone in some rows (Supplementary Fig. S17f). Superficial median grooves are visible on some of the mesocones. Other rows of laterals show a sharply pointed
— ( j1–2) NMBE 553328 View Materials , Jopićeva špilja, sh: 1.885 mm. —(k–o) Zospeum bucculentum , (k) NMBE 553387 View Materials , Zvonečka II, sh: 1.62 mm. — (l) NMBE 553344 View Materials , Jama Đot, sh: 1.546 mm. — (m1–2) Holotype, NMBE 548793 View Materials , Pivnica špilja, sh: 1.89 mm. — (n1–2) NMBE 548788 View Materials , Vrelić špilja, sh: 2.053 mm. — (o1–2) NMBE 548814 View Materials , Jama na Škrilama , sh: 1.997 mm. — All phot. × 20; (b1) E. Bochud, NMBE; (b2), (g2) M. Kampschulte, G. Martels, University of Giessen; (d2) B. Ruthensteiner, ZSM
bicuspid tooth bearing a shorter left endocone obliquely extending out from the longer mesocone, measuring about 1/3 the length of the mesocone (Supplementary Fig. S 17g). The basal plates are concave their entire length. The strongly-pointed laterals show distinct grooves all down the mesocone with lesser degrees of groove distinctness in others. Grooves down the median section of certain cusps and an uneven wrinkly texture is detectable at the base of the crowns of the marginal teeth of Z. frauenfeldii (Supplementary Fig. S17e). The crowns are broad comb-like structures of varying numbers of pointed, but obtuse cusps (maximal 8), of unequal lengths supported by broad, concave basal plates (Supplementary Fig. S17e). The crowns, are in some cases, one ectocone broader than the tops of the respective basal plate. The radular ribbon is long and broader than that of Z. exiguum (Supplementary Fig. S17h). The folded anterior end appears to be tapered while the opposite end suggests a triangular configuration.
Differing from other forms with ribbed shells by its larger size; not really separable from other smooth species within the Z. frauenfeldii clade (such as Z. bucculentum , Z. pagodulum , Z. robustum ).
Distribution (Supplementary Fig. S12) Mainly distributed to the south and southeast of Ljubljana, with a few sites to the east ( Bole 1974; Slapnik 1994). A genetically similar form occurs in northern Bosnia, near Sanski Most.
Figures 8f–j, S View Fig 16c–d, S16h, S21d–f
1974 Zospeum subobesum BOLE, Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Cl. IV , 17 (5): 278–279, 288, fig. 20a–d (shell), 13 (distribution) [Höhle Tounjčica bei Tounj, 5 km NO von Ogulin].
Type specimens a holotype was not selected; syntypes MCSMNH 2083/5, Tounjčica, 26.10.1962.
Specimens examined Slovenia: NHMW 75000 View Materials /E/00012/7. Spring by Zaga on the left Kulpa bank ; NHMW 75000 View Materials /E/ 49.251/2, Tounjčica ; NMBE 553322 View Materials /1, Jama ispod heliodroma, 5.12.2009, leg. Lukic ; NMBE 553323 View Materials /2, Sustav Đula Medvedica , 5.9.2009, leg. Bedek ; NMBE 553324 View Materials /1, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 9.4.2012, leg. Cvitanovic ; NMBE 553325 View Materials /2, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 9.4.2012 , Cvitanovic ; NMBE 553326 View Materials /1, Tounjčica , 26.9.2009, leg. Jochum ; NMBE 553327 View Materials /3, Tounjčica , 26.9.2009, leg. Jochum ; NMBE 553328 View Materials / 6, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 21.4.2011, leg. Komerici ; NMBE 553329 View Materials /1, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 21.4.2011, leg. Komerici ; NMBE 553330 View Materials /3, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 21.4.2011, leg. Komerici ; NMBE 553331 View Materials /2, Špiljski sustav Jopićeva špilja, 21.4.2011, leg. Komerici.
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