Zospeum pretneri
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https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13127-019-00400-8 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/300F1A79-B420-B742-E780-FD8EFC77FB77 |
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Felipe |
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Zospeum pretneri |
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Zospeum pretneri View in CoL clade
Distribution Distributed along the coast of the Adriatic Sea from Istria to southern Montenegro (Supplementary Fig. S11).
Both trees agree on the topology, though the clade containing Z. pretneri and Z. tholussum is poorly supported in both trees ( Fig. 3 View Fig , green part). We follow the delimitations A and C (see Table 4) and accept three species (following Weigand 2013).
Morphology Shell conical, translucent when fresh; shell height small to medium; shell surface smooth; suture comparatively deep; aperture small and roundish, generally as tall as wide; parietalis starting behind the aperture if present; columellaris seldom present and when only very weak. Differs from all other clades by its small size and the small aperture (in relation to shell size).
Differing in the LDA from the Z. spelaeum clade by the ratios cjl/D1 ( Fig. 7m View Fig ) ( Z. pretneri clade: 0.837–1.42, Z. spelaeum clade: 1.456 –2.075) and lh/lw ( Z. pretneri clade: 0.884 –1.045, Z. spelaeum clade: 1.01–1.339); from the Z. obesum clade by the ratios lh/D1 ( Z. pretneri clade: 1.845 –2.442, Z. obesum clade: 2.531(outlier)–4.108), aw/lw ( Z. pretneri clade: 0.517 –0.698, Z. obesum clade: 0.743 –0.917).
The PCAs (Supplementary Fig. S5 View Fig top and middle) are not able to separate the species with more than one specimen in the study. The CVA (Supplementary Fig. S5 View Fig bottom) is able to separate Z. manitaense from the other two species, mainly on the CV1-axis, as well as most of Z. tholussum from Z. pretneri on the CV2-axis.
Figures 7i–q, S View Fig 19a–d
1960 Zospeum pretneri BOLE, Biol. Vestn. , 7: 61, 64, fig. 1a–i (shell) [die Höhle Gornja Cerovačka pećina, ca. 50 m von Eingang (BOLE leg., June 1958)].
Type specimens Holotype MCSMNH 38482
Specimens examined: Croatia: NMBE 553297 View Materials / 2, Pećina kod sela Puhari, 21.4.2009, leg. Bedek; NMBE 553300 View Materials /1,
Pećina kod sela Puhari, 21.4.2009, leg. Bedek; NMBE 553289/1, Gornja Cerovačka pećina, 27.9.2009, leg. Jochum; NMBE 553290/3, Gornja Cerovačka pećina, 27.9.2009, leg. Jochum; NMBE 553288/34, Jamski sustav Kita Gaćešina/Draženova puhaljka, 16.7.2011, leg. Bedek; NMBE 553285/11, Muda Labudova, 2.7.2011, leg. Bedek; NMBE 553286/1, Muda Labudova, 2.7.2011, leg. Bedek; NMBE 553287/2, Munizaba, 26.6.2010, leg. Malenica.
Diagnosis Shell ca. 1.2 mm, transparent, with a cylindrical to conical form, the protoconch forming a dome-like structure, a small, thick, roundish peristome, nearly without a parietal shield, columella with one lamella (parietalis), rarely two.
Measurements (Crnopac region; n = 38) sh: 1.13–1.31 mm (mean: 1.223 ± 0.043 mm); sw: 0.73–0.88 mm (mean: 0.789 ± 0.039 mm); ah: 0.43–0.57 mm (mean: 0.5 ± 0.031 mm); aw: 0.4–0.51 mm (mean: 0.456 ± 0.023 mm); number of whorls: 5–5.75 (mean: 5.394 ± 0.18).
Measurements (Istria; n = 3) sh: 1.43–1.76 mm (mean: 1.571 ± 0.164 mm); sw: 0.96–1.19 mm (mean: 1.04 ± 0.129 mm); ah: 0.67–0.78 mm (mean: 0.715 ± 0.051 mm); aw: 0.56– 0.72 mm (mean: 0.632 ± 0.074 mm); number of whorls: 5.25–5.75 (mean: 5.5 ± 0.25).
Description The shell is slightly conical, sometimes almost cylindrical, translucent when fresh; shell surface smooth; suture deep; aperture small and roundish; the parietal shield thick but narrow, in most cases only weakly differentiated from the rest of the lip; parietalis starting behind the aperture, extending one whorl into the shell, most pronounced half a whorl into the shell; prominence of the parietalis variable (strongly developed ( Fig. 7o View Fig ) to barely present ( Fig. 7l View Fig )); columellaris sometimes present.
Some shells from the Istrian peninsula ( Fig. 7p–q View Fig ) are preliminarily placed here due to their similar shell shape; differing in their substantially larger size, the parietal shield differentiable from the lip due to its thinness and the complete absence of any lamella.
Radula: The radula of topotypic Z. pretneri (Cerovačka pećina) bears a much reduced tricuspid rachidian tooth with a wing-like basal plate configuration (Supplementary Fig. S19a). The bicuspid lateral teeth are much larger (about 3× the size of the rachidian tooth) with their basal plates bearing irregular modifications and showing different degrees of irregularity. The mesocones are centrally grooved and bear either a semi-detached ectocone or a detached endocone (right laterals) (Supplementary Fig. S19a). Some central teeth are askew and bulge somewhat medially (lower righthand side of Supplementary Fig. S19b). Other parts of the radula clearly show tricuspid teeth with wing-like basal plates for many rows (Supplementary Figs. S 19 c and d View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig ). Elsewhere on the radula, rows of obtuse, medially grooved central teeth are moderately hooked and flanked by 1–2 ectocones (occasionally one larger and one small- er). The semi-detached ectocones are 1/2 the length of the central tooth (Supplementary Fig. S19b). The crowns show a rather gelatinous-like and somewhat malleable texture in contrast to the stiff constitution of those of Z. amoenum from Konecka zijalka. The long radular ribbon has a straight basal edge (not shown here) compared to the attenuated base of the radula of Z. obesum and the wide triangular base of Z. isselianum .
Differing from Z. tholussum by its smaller shell size; differing from Z. manitaense by its slenderer shell, by the undifferentiated parietal shield and that its parietalis is first visible deeper within the shell; differing from Z. troglobalcanicum by its slenderer shell, by the undifferentiated parietal shield and by the presence of a parietalis. Differing in the LDA from Z. manitaense (ignoring the Istrian Z. pretneri specimens) by the ratios sh/ lh ( Z. pretneri : 1.636 –1.831, Z. manitaense : 1.496 –1.607) and cjl/D1 ( Z. pretneri : 0.837 –1.233, Z. manitaense : 1.16–1.401); from Z. troglobalcanicum by the ratios sh/ aw ( Z. pretneri : 2.331 –2.934, Z. troglobalcanicum : 2.09) and sh/lw ( Z. pretneri : 1.545 –1.818, Z. troglobalcanicum : 1.395).
Distribution (Supplementary Fig. S11) Known chiefly from the Crnopac Mountain south of Gračac, where it is known to occur in five caves (Gornja Cerovačka pećina ( Fig. 7i–j View Fig ), Muda Labudova ( Fig. 7 k–l View Fig ), Munizaba, Jamski sustav Kita Gaćešina/Draženova puhaljka ( Fig. 7m –o View Fig ). Slapnik and Ozimec (2004) also reported Z. pretneri from Pčelina špilja, Mogorić, and from Slovačka jama, Veliki Lubenovac. The latter site lies close to the type locality of Z. tholussum (Lukina jama/Trojama) and might represent this species. Similar shells were found in Pećina kod sela Puhari (Opatija, Istria peninsula, Croatia; Fig. 7p–q View Fig ).
Zospeum tholussum WEIGAND, 2013
Figure 7r–t View Fig
2013 Zospeum tholussum WEIGAND, Subterranean Biology, 11: 47–51, fig. 2–3, 4A [the Lukina Jama – Trojama cave system situated in the Velebit mountain range of Croatia.... in an unnamed large chamber at 980 m depth (leg. 31.07.2010, J. Bedek)].
Type specimens Holotype and eight paratypes: SMF 341633 About SMF
Specimens examined Croatia: NMBE 553334 View Materials /7, Lukina jama – Trojama, 29.7.2010, leg. Miculinic ; NMBE 553333 View Materials /1, Lukina jama – Trojama, 29.7.2010, leg. Bedek ; NMBE 553332 View Materials /1 Lukina jama – Trojama, 26.10.2007, leg. Bedek.
Diagnosis Shell ca. 1.5 mm, transparent, with a conical form, the protoconch forming a dome-like structure, a small, thick, roundish peristome, nearly without a parietal shield, columella with one lamella (parietalis).
Measurements (n = 12) sh: 1.42–1.6 mm (mean: 1.512 ± 0.054 mm); sw: 0.92–1.09 mm (mean: 1.009 ± 0.058 mm); ah: 0.58–0.75 mm (mean: 0.658 ± 0.042 mm); aw: 0.48– 0.65 mm (mean: 0.575 ± 0.051 mm); number of whorls: 5.25–6 (5.417 ± 0.222).
Description Shell conical, translucent when fresh; shell surface smooth; suture deep; the first one or two whorls often as wide as or wider than the whorls beneath; aperture roundish, the parietal shield thick and narrow, but better differentiated from the rest of the lip than in Z. pretneri ; parietalis absent in the aperture, starting further within the shell, staying small ( Fig. 7t View Fig ; Fig. 3 View Fig in Weigand 2013); columellaris present, though very weak and not visible in the aperture.
Differing from Z. pretneri by its smaller size; differing from Z. manitaense by its slenderer shell, by the undifferentiated parietal shield and by its parietalis appearing further within the shell; differing from Z. troglobalcanicum by its slenderer shell, by the undifferentiated parietal shield and by the presence of a parietalis. Differing in the LDA from Z. troglobalcanicum through the ratios sh/lw ( Z. tholussum : 1.505 –1.771, Z. troglobalcanicum : 1.395) and sh/aw ( Z. tholussum : 2.378 –2.992, Z. troglobalcanicum : 2.09).
Distribution (Supplementary Fig. S11) Only known from the Lukina jama/Trojama cave system, where it has been found at 980 m depth.
| NMBE |
Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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