Solenysa macrodonta Wang, Ono & Tu, 2015

Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), ZooKeys 1232, pp. 97-130 : 97-130

Solenysa macrodonta Wang, Ono & Tu, 2015

Figs 7 A-J , 11 C, D

Solenysa macrodonta Wang et al., 2015: 48, figs 3 A, 4 C, D (♂ ♀).

Material examined.

Japan: Hiroshima Pref., • 1 ♂, 6 ♀, Kure City, Yasuuracho Oaza Akozaka , 209 m, 34.31089°N, 132.72896°E, thick and rather dry broadleaf forest leaf litter on a steep slope, 04. Aug. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) .

Diagnosis.

See Wang et al. (2015).

Description.

Habitus of male as in Fig. 7 E , habitus of female as in Fig. 7 F . Palp as in Fig. 7 A-D , embolic division as in Fig. 11 C, D ; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 7 G-J . See Wang et al. (2015) for a detailed description.

Type locality.

Nishida, Yunotsu City, Shimane Prefecture, Honshu, Japan (35.084°N, 132.401°E).

Remarks.

Solenysa macrodonta is distributed in the Chugoku area in Western Honshu with a few known records from Shimane and Okayama Prefectures ( Shinkai et al. 2024). Here we report for the first time its presence in Hiroshima Prefecture (Fig. 13 ). Our male sample differs from the original description by having a shorter anterior protrusion (AP, central tooth in Wang et al. 2015) (cf. Fig. 11 C, D vs Wang et al. 2015: fig. 6 B). However, it shares the shape of the lamella with a transparent, upper branch of the LA 2 ending with a wide, fringed tip. Additionally, we found no differences in the females’ morphology and the barcode of our samples matches those available in GenBank for this species collected in the Shimane Prefecture, the type area of the species (Fig. 12 ). Accordingly, we consider the differences in the male palp as possibly part of the intraspecific diversity of the species. Future comparisons with a larger number of individuals of S. macrodonta from different localities will help to clarify this issue.

Figures

Figure 7. Solenysa macrodonta from Hiroshima A male palp, prolateral B ditto, retrolateral C ditto, dorsal D ditto, ventral E habitus of male, dorsal F habitus of female, dorsal G epigyne, posterior H ditto, ventral I ditto, lateral J vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A – D, G – J); 0.5 mm (E, F).

Figure 11. Embolic divisions of Solenysa species A S. reflexilis from Yakushima, ventral B ditto, retrolateral C S. macrodonta from Hiroshima, ventral D ditto, retrolateral E S. trunciformis from Okayama, ventral F ditto, retrolateral G S. longqiensis, ventral H ditto, retrolateral I S. yangmingshana J ditto, retrolateral. (N. B., in A-D embolus is broken). Abbreviations: AP anterior protrusion of MTA; ATA anterior terminal apophysis; E embolus; LA 1 anterior branch of lamella; LA 2 median branch of lamella; LA 3 posterior branch of lamella; MP median protrusion of MTA; MT median tooth on anterior terminal apophysis; MTA median terminal apophysis; PP posterior protrusion of MTA; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; R radix. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 12. Phylogenetic tree based on combined COI and H 3 gene fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML and Bayesian inference (BI) on MrBayes. Support at each node denotes the ML bootstrap value (BV) and BI posterior probability (PP). Nodes highly supported by at least one method (BV ≥ 75 or PP ≥ 0.95) are highlighted by a black dot, nodes with medium support (BV ≥ 70 or PP ≥ 0.90) are reported in grey, low supported nodes lack a dot. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site. Solenysa species groups are highlighted with different colors. New taxa discussed in this work are reported in red.

Figure 13. Distribution of Solenysa species in the Ryukyu Archipelago and surrounding areas. The Ryukyu Archipelago is marked with a dashed line. Diamonds refer to records of Solenysa spp. from the literature (Shinkai et al. 2024; WSC 2024), dots refer to new records, squares indicate the species type locality, and question marks indicate uncertain records of S. reflexilis.