Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950

Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2019, Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade, Zootaxa 4711 (2), pp. 245-274 : 256

Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950

Figs 25–32 , 61–62 , 69

Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie 1932: 24 (in part, paratypes only). Roth 1956: 178. Roth & Brown 1986: 3

Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950: 86 , fig. 32. Roewer 1954:90. Bennett 1992: 4, Figs 1–2 . Bennett 2006: 485, Figs 40–43 . World Spider Catalog 2019.

Cybaeus adenoides Schenkel 1950: 88 , fig. 33. Roewer 1954: 89.

Type material. Holotype ♂ of C. grizzlyi . U.S.A.: California: Alameda County, Grizzly Peak, near Berkeley , 5 November 1938, no collector data ( NHMB), examined . Lectotype ♀ of C. adenoides . U.S.A.: California: Alameda County, Berkeley Hills , 23 April 1939, no collector data ( NHMB), examined. See discussion of type material and synonymy in Bennett (2006) .

Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Bennett (2006). Note: Castro Valley females number only 4 (not 43 as listed in Bennett 2006).

Diagnosis. The male of C. grizzlyi is diagnosed by the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis which is deeply grooved ventrally with a single, blade-like tip and a prominent pointed keel dorsally ( Figs 25 , 61–62 ). The keel is absent in the known males of the other adenes group species with a single tip of the proximal arm ( C. amicus : Fig. 56 ) or is a broad blunt protuberance ( C. auburn : Figs 63–64 ) and in males of other species with a similar bluntly pointed dorsal keel, the tip of the proximal arm is bifid ( C. adenes : Figs 59–60 ; C. sanbruno : Fig. 67 ; C. schusteri : Fig. 65 ) or trifid ( C. reducens : Fig. 57 ).

The inverted U-shaped or lyriform atrium, widest anteriorly ( Fig. 30 ), distinguishes the female of C. grizzlyi from females of all other adenes group species except C. adenes (and occasionally C. schusteri ). From females of C. adenes this species can evidently only be separated on the basis of locality. Collection of males with females may be the only way to ensure reliable separation of females of C. grizzlyi and C. schusteri with similar atrial morphology. See diagnosis of C. adenes for further discussion.

Description. Femora unbanded.

Male: (n=24). Patellar apophysis ( Fig. 26 ) with about 30 peg setae along anterodorsal surface. Small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carina ( Figs 26–27 ).

(n=16). CL 2.15–2.9 (2.6±0.2), CW 1.63–2.13 (1.90±0.14), SL 1.11–1.45 (1.29±0.09), SW 1.05–1.35 (1.21±0.09). Holotype CL 2.50, CW 1.83, SL 1.36, SW 1.14.

Female: (n=76). ( Figs 28–32 ). Description as for C. adenes .

(n=23). CL 2.00–3.0 (2.4±0.3), CW 1.16–2.05 (1.65±0.24), SL 0.99–1.43 (1.21±0.13), SW 0.93–1.33 (1.13±0.13). Holotype of C. adenoides CL 2.6, CW 1.85, SL 1.30, SW 1.25.

Distribution and natural history. Known only from Contra Costa and Alameda Counties in west central California ( Fig. 69 ) where it is apparently relatively common. At the University of California (Berkeley) campus this species has been collected under logs in eucalyptus groves. Elsewhere it has been found under bark. Males have been collected from mid–October to late December with one record from late April.

Figures

FIGURE 69. Distributions of Cybaeus adenes (●), C. amicus. (), C. grizzlyi (○). CA—California, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada.

FIGURES 25–27. Cybaeus grizzlyi, males (25 from Oakland, California; 26–27 from Berkeley, California), left palpus (25 genital bulb, ventral; 26 patella and tibia, dorsal; 27 patella and tibia, retrolateral). DK—dorsal keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, RR—retrolateral ridge dorsal to retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 28–30. Cybaeus grizzlyi, females (28 from hills above Berkeley, California; 29 lectotype of C. adenoides; 30 from Orinda, California), copulatory organ (28 teneral vulva, dorsal; 29 vulva, dorsal; 30 atria, ventral). CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 31–32. Cybaeus grizzlyi, female from unknown locality, copulatory organ (31 vulva, dorsal; 32 same, detail of Fig. 31). Arrows indicate simple pores on spermathecal head and complex Bennett’s gland at junction of spermathecal stalk and base.

FIGURES 61–64. Cybaeus spp., male left palpi, detail of tegular apophysis. 61–62 C. grizzlyi from Berkeley, California. 63–64 C. auburn spec. nov. holotype (61 proximal arm, ventral; 62 tegular apophysis, retrolateral; 63 proximal arm, ventral; 64 tegular apophysis, retrolateral). Red arrows indicate single tips of proximal arm. DK—dorsal keel (Figs 61–62) or blunt process (Figs 63–64) of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (Figs 61, 63), 0.1 mm (Figs 62, 64).

FIGURES 1–3. Cybaeus adenes, male from San Francisco, California, left palpus (1 genital bulb, ventral; 2 patella and tibia, dorsal; 3 patella and tibia, retrolateral). DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RR—retrolateral ridge dorsal to retrolateral tibial apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38–43. Cybaeus reducens, females (38–40 from Carmel, California; 41–43 from south of Big Sur, California), copulatory organ (38 epigynum, ventral; 39 vulva, ventral; 40 same, dorsal; 41 epigynum ventral; 42 vulva, ventral; 43 same, dorsal). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 56–60. Cybaeus spp., male left palpi, detail of tegular apophysis. 56 C. amicus from San Mateo County, California. 57–58 C. reducens from Santa Clara County, California. 59 C. adenes from San Francisco, California. 60 C. adenes from San Geronimo, California (56–57 proximal arm, ventral; 58 tegular apophysis, retrolateral; 59–60 proximal arm, ventral). Red arrows indicate single (Fig. 56) and trifid (Fig. 57) tips of proximal arm. Red lines indicate divergence of tips of proximal arm. DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, DK—dorsal keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (Figs 56–57, 59–60), 0.1 mm (Fig. 58).

FIGURES 65–68. Cybaeus spp., male left palpi, detail of tegular apophysis. 65–66 C. schusteri spec. nov. holotype. 67–68 C. sanbruno from San Bruno Mountain, California (65 proximal arm, ventral; 66 tegular apophysis, retrolateral; 67 proximal arm, ventral; 68 tegular apophysis, retrolateral). Red lines indicate convergence of tips of proximal arm. DK—dorsal keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (Figs 65, 67), 0.1 mm (Figs 66, 68).