Panurgus subgenus Panurgus s. str. Panzer, 1806

Wood, Thomas J., Patiny, Sebastien & Bossert, Silas, 2022, An unexpected new genus of panurgine bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from Europe discovered after phylogenomic analysis, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 89, pp. 183-210 : 183

Panurgus subgenus Panurgus s. str. Panzer, 1806

Panurgus Panzer, 1806: 209. Type species: Andrena lobata Panzer, 1799 = Apis calcarata Scopoli, 1763

Eriops Klug, 1807: 207, 227. Type species: Andrena lobata Panzer, 1799 = Apis calcarata Scopoli, 1763, monobasic.

Eryops Latreille, 1811: 716, unjustified emendation of Eriops Klug, 1807

Panurgus (Euryvalvus) Patiny, 1999c: 316. Type species: Apis banksiana Kirby, 1802, by original designation.

Diagnosis.

The subgenus can be separated from Pachycephalopanurgus by the shape of the male S7 which is always broad, approximately as long as wide, and never strongly apicomedially excavated (Figs 17-18 , 45-46 ). There may be very weak excavations, emarginations, or convexities in the apical margin (e.g. Fig. 45 ), but the lateral corners are never extended into long, apically produced projections (contrast Figs 19 , 47-48 ). Genital capsule usually with gonostyli robust with strong lateral tuft of clumped hairs that diverges laterally at the midpoint of each gonostylus (Figs 11 , 33-36 ). However, in the former group Euryvalvus the genital capsule is strongly divergent, lacking robust gonostyli with a strong lateral hair tuft (Figs 37-38 ). These can be recognised by their black, pill-like volsellae which are visible dorsally, their gonostyli which are flattened in the vertical plane, and by their S7, which as in other Panurgus s. str. is broad and lacks long, apically produced and extended projections (Fig. 46 ). Female Panurgus s. str. specimens cannot be consistently separated from those of Pachycephalopanurgus .

Included species.

All Panurgus species previously placed in Panurgus s. str. and Euryvalvus ( Patiny 1999c) and subsequent works; the 24 species are detailed in Table 2 .

Figures

Figures 12 - 19. Panurgine male sternum seven 12 Halopanurgus baldocki 13 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 14 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 15 Flavipanurgus flavus 16 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 17 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus 18 Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes 19 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus.

Figures 45 - 48. Sternum 7 for members of the former four subgenera of Panurgus 45 Panurgus (Panurgus) cephalotes 46 Panurgus (Euryvalvus) banksianus 47 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) canescens 48 Panurgus (Micropanurgus) ovatulus.

Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus.

Figures 33 - 38. Panurgus (Panurgus s. str.) male genitalia 33 Panurgus cephalotes 34 Panurgus dentipes 35 Panurgus maroccanus 36 Panurgus perezi 37 Panurgus banksianus 38 Panurgus pyropygus.