Ceratosticha lineata Roh & Byun, 2019

Roh, Seung Jin, Shin, Young-Min & Byun, Bong-Kyu, 2019, A new species of Ceratosticha Meyrick, 1935 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from Korea, Zootaxa 4560 (2), pp. 393-400 : 394-398

Ceratosticha lineata Roh & Byun , sp. n.

Figs. 1‒13

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A86F40D-4308-4116-8F42-118362FADD3B

Type material. Holotype: ♂, KOREA: Ulsan, Ulju-gun , 19.iv.2018, 35.61522778, 129.172925, 536 m, leg. D.S. Kim, emerged 18.vi.2018, genitalia slide no. KNAESJ52, BOLD systems DNA Specimen ID: CNTK12 (SEL/ HNU).

Paratypes: 1♂, 5♀, same locality as holotype, emerged 18.vi‒6.vii.2018 . 1♂, 4♀, Sileuksa, Yeoju-si , Gyeonggi-do, 24.iv.2018 , 37.29758611, 127.6616861, 57 m, leg. J.W. Jo, emerged 12.vi‒2.vii.2018, BOLD

systems DNA Specimen ID: CNTK11, CNTK13, CNTK14. 11♂, 10♀, Naeryeong-ri, Namwon-si , Jeollabuk-do, 4.vi.2015, leg. B.K. Byun, S. J. Roh, B. S. Jeon, emerged 5‒15.vi.2015, 35.39920833, 127.601575, 423 m, genitalia no. KNAESJ47, KNAESJ50, KNAESJ56 (in 80% glycerol), wing venation no. KNAEVSJ22, KNAEVSJ25, KNAEVSJ26, scales of wing no. KNAESSJ14, BOLD systems DNA Specimen ID: CNTK4 , CNTK5 , CNTK6 . 29♂, 72♀ , Haemi-castle, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 1.v.2015, 36.71184722, 126.5470167, 36 m, S.J. Roh, B.S. Jeon, D.S. Kim , emerged 6‒22.vi.2015, genitalia no. KNAESJ44, KNAESJ49, KNAESJ54, KNAESJ55 (in 80% glycerol), wing venation no. KNAEVSJ21, KNAEVSJ23, KNAEVSJ24, scales of wing no. KNAESSJ13, KNAESSJ15, Specimen ID: CNTK2 (SEL/HNU).

Other material. 1 larva (in 90% ethanol): Haemi-castle, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 1.v.2015, 36.71184722, 126.5470167, 36 m, leg. S.J. Roh, D.S. Kim, B.S. Jeon, T.H. Yoo, BOLD systems DNA Specimen ID: CNTK8 . 1 larva (in 90% ethanol): Sileuksa, Yeoju-si , Gyeonggi-do, 24.iv.2018, 37.29758611, 127.6616861, 57 m, leg. J.W. Jo (SEL/ HNU) .

Diagnosis. This species is similar to C. leptodeta Meyrick , but it can be distinguished by the conspicuous, dark-brown submedian fascia of the forewing in both of the male and female, and the blackish brown ground color of the hindwing in the male. The male genitalia of C. lineata are very similar to those of C. leptodeta , but the phallus is longer and slenderer. Moreover, the male genitalia (lateral aspect) differ by having a slightly narrower dorsum and a downward curved posterior margin of the ampulla.

Description. Adult. Male ( Fig. 1 ). Head ( Fig. 3 ): Small, sclerites light brown; vertex densely clothed with yellowish gray hairs; compound eyes large; interocular index 0.85‒0.90 mm; ocelli absent; labial palpus short, three-segmented; antennae ( Fig. 4 ) filiform, with 19 flagellomeres, less than 0.4 forewing length, scape rough, covered with long hairs. Thorax: Light brown; notum covered with brownish black scales. Legs with femora, tibiae, and tarsi clothed in long brown hairs; tarsi and apical and medial spurs covered in shiny brown scales; epiphysis absent ( Fig. 7a ). Wingspan 7.6‒8.2 mm. Forewing ( Fig. 5 ) short and narrow, L/W ratio 3.35, costa straight, gently curved beyond 0.8 length, apex slightly pointed; termen short and arched to posterior margin, discal cell 0.63 times as long as wing, 8 separate veins originating at discal cell; accessory and intercalary cells absent; Sc terminating at 0.6 length of costa; R 2 + R 3 fused, originating at distal corner of anterior part of discal cell; R 4 originated at corner of anterior part of cell, reaching apex; R 5 absent; M 1 and M 2 parallel; M 2, M 3 originating at distal corner of posterior part of discal cell; CuA 1 and CuA 2 parallel; basal part of A 1 +A 2 looped. Upperside of forewing with ground color creamy-white with dark-brown overscaling; scales ( Fig. 6 ) slightly narrowed; apical margin usually produced into four to seven weak rounded laciniations. Hindwing ( Fig. 5 ) narrow, L/W ratio 4.6; costa straight, apex straightly curved to termen; median cell 0.58 times as long as wing; Sc+R 1 straight to 0.8 length of costa; Rs terminating at apex; M 1 and M 2 parallel to termen, M 2, M 3 originating at distal margin of discal cell; CuA 1 and CuA 2 parallel. Hindwing covered with dark-brown scales; postmarginal part with long brown hairs. Abdomen: Male genitalia ( Figs. 8, 10 ) with dorsum narrow; posterior margin of ampulla arched, club-shaped, with sparse short setae and small projection; harpe rectangular with small projection; transtilla short; vinculum slightly narrowed; saccus long and slender, 0.92 times height of ring. In dorso-ventral aspect, uncus concave; gnathos and juxta absent; valva somewhat long and wide; phallus slender, long, 0.95 times height of genitalia.

Female ( Fig. 2 ). Head: Vertex densely clothed with whitish tufted hairs. Thorax: Notum covered with white hairs. Wingspan 8.1‒10.0 mm. Upperside of forewing with ground color whitish gray. Hindwing covered with light brown scales; long white hairs on postmarginal part. Corethrogyne densely clothed with yellowish hairs. Abdomen: Female genitalia ( Figs. 9, 11 ) with papillae anales slightly narrowed, apical part concave with short setae. Apophyses posteriores thick, 1.27 times length of apophyses anteriores. Ductus bursae well sclerotized.

Larva ( Figs. 12, 13 ). Length 4.9 mm. Head slightly enlarged, dark brown, labrum narrow, brownish yellow, epicranial notch weak, concave; antenna very short. Dorsal aspect of thorax dark brown, prothoracic shield well sclerotized, thoracic legs short, brown. Abdomen yellow, anal shield dark-brown. Abdominal and anal prolegs reddish brown; abdominal prolegs and anal proleg very short. Anal shield weak sclerotized. Crochets in two parallel rows perpendicular to long axis of larva.

Larval case ( Figs. 14b, 15b ). Length 7.5‒10.5 mm. Consisting of the tiny particles of sand held together with silk.

Distribution. Korea.

DNA barcodes. DNA barcode sequences were obtained from nine specimens of Ceratosticha lineata and four specimens of C. leptodeta Meyrick. The DNA barcodes were compared to those of two Japanese specimens ( C. leptodeta Meyrick and Ceratosticha sp.) downloaded from Genbank. The barcodes of C. lineata , C. leptodeta , and Ceratosticha sp. were analyzed using a neighbor joining tree ( Fig. 16 ). Interspecific pairwise genetic distance ranged from 11.32 to 9.78% among the three species. The maximum intraspecific variation ranged from 1.87 to 0.56% ( Table 2).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin lineata (= line), referring to the forewing pattern. Remarks. Larvae of this species construct cases of tiny particles of sand. They were found in wet conditions between rocks or gaps in ramparts, stone pagodas, etc. ( Figs. 14, 15 ). Adults emerged from late May to early July. The 134 larvae collected during this project produced 91 females and 43 males.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Neighbor-joining tree for three species of Ceratosticha. Branch lengths represent the number of substitutions per site as percentage.

FIGURES 1‒7. Morphological features of adults. 1, Male, paratype; 2, Female, paratype; 3, Head, paratype (a, lateral view of male head; b, anterior view of female); 4, Antenna of female, paratype; 5, Wing venation, paratype (slide no. KNAEVSJ22); 6, Wing scales (a, forewing scales; b, hindwing scales, slide no. KNAESSJ13); 7, Legs (a, foreleg; b, midleg; c, hindleg).

FIGURES 8‒11. Genitalia. 8, Male, holotype (a, uncus; b, ampulla of valva; c, harpe; d, sacculus, slide no. KNAESJ52); 9, Female, paratype (slide no. HNU5200); 10, Male, lateral aspect, paratype; 11, Abdominal segment seven with dense long hairs (corethrogyne, slide no. KNAESJ 44).

FIGURES 12‒13. Morphological features of larva. 12, Larva (a, dorsal aspect; b, ventral aspect; c, lateral aspect); 13, Head and thorax (a, lateral aspect; b, ventral aspect).

FIGURES 14‒15. Microhabitat and larval cases. 14, Microhabitat in ramparts (Korea, Haemi-castle, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 1.v.2015, 36.71184722, 126.5470167, 36 m); 15, Microhabitat in valleys (Korea, Ulsan, Ulju-gun, 19.iv.2018, 35.61522778, 129.172925, 536 m).