Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.

Kurzweil, Hubert, 2010, A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand, Adansonia (3) 32 (1), pp. 57-107 : 69-72

5. Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.

( Fig. 3 )

Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 2: 85 (1906) ; Seidenfaden & Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: 338 (1961); Seidenfaden & Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part IV, 2: 793 (1965); Seidenfaden, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 29: 35 (1975); Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 114: 89 (1992). — Calanthe cardiochila Kraenzl., Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 7: 83 (1909), orth. var.— Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep , near waterfalls, 700-1700 m, 18.XII.1904, Hosseus 249 (?holo-, M!; iso-, P!, K!).

Calanthe hosseusiana Kraenzl., Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 7: 82 (1909). — Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep, near waterfall, Hosseus s.n. (iso-, AMES!).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Northern, Mae Hong Son, Pai, 7.XII.1973, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 8055B (C spirit). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, Thai-Danish Botanical Studies 5581 (C spirit); 31.X.1909, Kerr 64 (C spirit, K); 31.X.1987, Maxwell 87-1345 (BKF, CMU, CMU spirit, L); 25.XII.1988, 88-1398 (CMU, L); X.1958, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 2900 (C spirit); 16.XII.1984, Shigeyiki Mitsuta T 50202 (BKF); 13.XII.1957, Smitinand 4023 (BKF); 9.XI.1958, Sørensen et al. 6077 (C). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Chom Thong District, 14.I.1936, Garrett 1043 (K). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, 6.XII.1965, Hennipman 3250 (BKF, C, L). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, 25.XII.1964, K. 1483 (BKF, L); 8.I.1983, Koyama et al. 32110 (BKF); 3.I.1991, Maxwell 91-8 (CMU, L); 26.XI.1997, Nanakorn et al. 9970 (QBG, QBG spirit); 16.XII.1987, Santisuk 1609 (BKF); Tagawa et al. 2443 (C spirit). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Doi Nang Ka, 18.XI.1930, Put 3433 (BK, C, K); 3465 (BK, C, K). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Omkoi, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 5065 (C spirit). — Northern, Chiang Mai, Mae Chaem, Seidenfaden & Smitinand s.n. (C spirit vial 5691). — Northern, Phitsanulok, Phu Soi Dao, 25.XI.2006, Watthana & Kurzweil 2189 (QBG, QBG spirit, SING). — Northern, Phitsanulok, Nakornthai, 29.X.2001, Watthana & Suksathan 1553 (QBG spirit). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Krading, 7.-9.XI.1970, Charoenphol et al. 4734 (AAU); 30.X.1984, Murata et al. T 42076 (BKF); 30.X.1984, T 42077 (BKF, C spirit); T 42907 (C spirit); T 43061 (C spirit); 14.XI.1979, Shimizu et al. 22675 (BKF, C spirit); 14.XI.1979, 22700 (BKF, C spirit); 23079 (C spirit); XI. 1954, Smitinand 2111 (BKF). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Luang, 17.XI.1968, Chermisirivatthana 1148 (BK); 26.XI.1957, Dee 1002 (BKF);? 1001 (BKF). —?North-Eastern, Loei, Phurna, 10.X.1966, Kasem 504 (BK). — North-Eastern, Khon Kaen, Phu Khieo Game Reserve, 7.XI.1984, Murata et al. T 41748 (BKF, C spirit). — North-Eastern, Phetchabun, Phu Mieng, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 5445 (C spirit); 1.IV.1964, 5487 (C spirit). — Eastern, Chaiyaphum, Nam Phrom, 11.XII.1971, v. Beusekom et al. 4165 (BKF, C, K, L). — Eastern, Ubon Ratchathani, Phu Jong Na Yoi National Park, 24.XI.2005, Suddee et al. 2605 (BKF spirit, QBG). — South-Western, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huai Yang National Park, II. [year not given], Middleton et al. 3745 (BKF spirit). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 9539 (C spirit). — South- Eastern, Prachin Buri, Thaithong 335 (BCU spirit). —?Peninsular, Ranong-Surat Thani, Khao Pawta Leong Kaeo, 29.XI.1973, Santisuk 705 (BKF). — Without locality,? Khantchai 705 (BKF); Kerr 10 (K).

ILLUSTRATIONS. — Seidenfaden & Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: fig. 259a-d, pl. XIV (2846) (1961); Seidenfaden, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 29: fig. 12a-d, pl. VI (1975).

DESCRIPTION

Terrestrial, lithophytic or very rarely epiphytic herbs, deciduous, (19-) 30-68 cm tall. Basal sheaths already decayed at the flowering time. Pseudobulbs prominent, ovoid, conical, 2.5-8.5 × 1.5-3 cm, close together, sometimes constricted in the lower third, several-noded with the largest part made up of a single internode, covered by greyish-silvery leaf sheaths, glabrous. Leaves (1-)2(-4), annual and usually not present at the flowering time, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, (15-)22- 47 × 4-7 cm, glabrous; petioles 3-6(-9) cm long. Inflorescences arising from the basal part of the pseudobulb, erect at the base and nodding in the apical part, softly pubescent; peduncles (10-) 21- 53 cm long; sterile bracts 2-9, erect or suberect, scattered along the flowering stem and a few clustered at its base, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, 1.2-5 cm long, pubescent, the lower sheathing, occasionally decayed at the flowering time and then only their leaf scars visible; raceme lax or semi-dense, pubescent, (2-)5- to 20-flowered; rachis (2-)5-15(-22) cm long; floral bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 9-20(-22) × 5-8(-10) mm, shorter than the pedicel plus the ovary, pubescent. Flowers 14-18 mm across, pink to lilac and lip with red and white lines and patches, less commonly perianth lobes white with red dots, spur sometimes greenish; flowers turning orangered with age; upper half of sepals and petals usually recurved. Ovary indistinguishable from the pedicel, 23-50 mm long, pubescent, often dark purple. Sepals similar, ovate-lanceolate, aristate-acuminate, 3- to 5-veined, (8-)9-14 × 3-8 mm, pubescent on the outside. Petals ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 3- or 5-veined, 9.3-14 × 2.9-4.5 mm, glabrous. Lip shallowly to deeply 3-lobed, 9-15 × 13-22 mm, base not united with the gynostemium, spurred; midlobe rounded oblong, apically usually entire, 3-7(-8) × (6.5-) 7-8 mm; side lobes suberect, oblong, obtuse, 3-10 × 4-8(-10) mm, much broadening towards the tip, margins undulate; with three prominent (rarely obscure) fleshy keels at the base and the middle one extending onto the midlobe as a rounded keel or strong vein; spur cylindric, straight, 15-25(-28) mm long, pubescent, parallel to the ovary. Gynostemium 3-5 mm long, straight, subglabrous or pubescent; rostellum bilobed, column-foot to 3(-4) mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, c. 20 × 8 mm.

DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY

Widespread in all parts of Thailand, particularly common in the northern and eastern parts; only a doubtful record from the Peninsula. The species is also known in Indochina. Found on decaying wood and in soil in evergreen and deciduous forest, often among limestone boulders, from about 300 to 1640 m. Sandstone and granite are reported as bedrock. Flowering mainly from October to January.

REMARKS

As shown by the large number of available collections this is one of the commonest species in its genus in Thailand. Similar to Calanthe succedanea , differing only in details of the lip structure.

Figures

FIG. 3. — Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr.: A, flower; B, gynostemium and lip; C, top part of gynostemium; D, pollinia and operculum. Seidenfaden & Smitinand 5487. Reproduced with permission from the University of Copenhagen, drawn by Kai Olsen. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, D, 3 mm.