Caucasocressa joannis (Mortillet, 1854)

Hausdorf, Bernhard, 2003, Revision of the genus Caucasocressa from the eastern Pontic Region (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), Journal of Natural History 37 (21), pp. 2627-2646 : 2635-2639

Caucasocressa joannis (Mortillet, 1854)

(figures 2, 7–13)

Helix Dumont Mortillet, 1853: 36 [non H. dumonti L. Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846]. Type locality

(Mortillet, 1854): ‘ruines du château d’Ispir’, Turkey. Helix Dumont var. major Mortillet, 1853: 36 [non Binney, 1837]. Type locality: not given. Helix Dumont var. minor Mortillet, 1853: 36 [non C. B. Adams, 1851]. Type locality (Mortillet,

1854): ‘Koblat’, Turkey.

Helix Joannis Mortillet, 1854: 9 , pl. 1, figure 10. Replacement name for Helix Dumont

Mortillet, 1853. Helix Joannis var. minor, Mortillet, 1854: 11 , pl. 1, figure 5. Helix pratensis, Mousson, 1856: 397 [non L. Pfeiffer, 1846a]. Helix delabris Mousson, 1863: 315 . Type locality: ‘Chysirkaleh’, Georgia. Helix Joannis, Kobelt, 1876: 9 , pl. 94, figure 992. Helix (Fruticocampylaea) pratensis var. Joannis f. minor, Retowski, 1889: 238. Helix (Fruticocampylaea) joannis var. andronakii Lindholm, 1913: 18 . Type locality:

‘Lomaschen’, Turkey. Helix pratensis, Rosen, 1914: 170 [partim, non L. Pfeiffer, 1846a]. Helix joannis, Rosen, 1914: 170 . Helix delabris, Rosen, 1914: 170 . Helix (Fruticocampylaea) joannis, Retowski, 1914: 292 [partim?].

Helix (Fruticocampylaea) joannis f. pellucidepunctata Retowski, 1914: 292. Type locality:

‘Borccha’, Turkey. Helix (Fruticocampylaea) joannis var. andronakii, Kobelt, 1914: 26 , pl. 550, figure 2799. Helix (Caucasocressa) pratensis karabaghensis Lindholm, 1928: 543 . Type locality:

‘Karabagh’, Georgia. Helix (Caucasocressa) pratensis pratensis f. joannis, Lindholm, 1928: 544 . Helix (Caucasocressa) pratensis pratensis f. anisotaenia Lindholm, 1928: 545. Type locality:

‘Lomaschen bei Artwin’, Turkey. Helix (Caucasocressa) pratensis pratensis f. andronakii, Lindholm, 1928: 545. Fruticocampylaea (Caucasocressa) joannis , Hesse, 1931: 18, pl. 2, figure 12. Metafruticicola pratensis var. joannis, Likharev and Rammelmeier, 1952: 467 . Metafruticicola ? (Caucasocressa) joannis, Zilch, 1960: 690 , figure 2411. Metafruticicola delabris, Schileyko, 1972: 17 , figure 4. Caucasocressa joannis, Schileyko, 1978: 306 , text-figures 414, 415, pl. 18, figures 177, 178. Metafruticicola (Metafruticicola) pratensis, Schütt, 1993: 354 [partim, non L. Pfeiffer, 1846a]. Caucasocressa joannis, Schütt, 1996: 415 , figure [partim].

Shell (figures 7–13). Strongly depressed conical; with five to six convex whorls; teleoconch with wrinkled growth ridges, partly with irregular incised spiral striae, partly granular; whitish, usually with a brownish band below the periphery and one above the periphery; sometimes one or both bands are more or less obsolete; body whorl rounded; aperture elliptical; upper insertion of the peristome distinctly descending; peristome sharp, slightly expanded, with a more or less weak whitish internal rib; umbilicus narrow or moderately wide, taking about 8–15% of the shell breadth.

Measurements. Ispir (N =30): D= 17.5–27.8 mm, B = 24.1 mm; H=11.0– 15.8 mm, B = 13.9 mm; D/H=1.59–1.92, B =1.74. 17 km SE of Yusufeli (N =20): D= 12.6–15.8 mm, B = 14.1 mm; H= 7.3–10.7 mm, B = 8.4 mm; D/H=1.48–1.79, B =1.68. Kinalicam (N =30): D: 15.6–20.5 mm, B = 17.7 mm; H= 8.9–12.8 mm, B = 10.1 mm; D/H=1.57–1.95, B =1.75.

Remarks. Caucasocressa joannis differs from the related species in the comparatively short flagellum (see table 2).

The name Helix joannis was established by Mortillet (1854) as a replacement for his name H. dumont of the previous year, because he rejected the latter as a junior homonym of H. dumonti L. Pfeiffer, 1846 . The name H. dumont has never been used since. I agree with Dr P. Tubbs (Secretary of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), personal communication) that its re-introduction would be unjustified even though the two names differ in one letter and, thus, are not homonyms according to the modern Code [Art. 57.6 ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1999), but see analogous exceptions made in Art. 58.14 ICZN].

The type locality of Helix (Caucasocressa) pratensis karabaghensis Lindholm is not Nagorno-Karabakh, as Lindholm (1928: 543, ‘Infolge ihres weit nach Osten vorgeschobenen Vorkommens...’) obviously thought. There are several lots of this form with high spire collected by J. Valentin in the SMF. Besides lots which are just labelled ‘Karabagh’ ( SMF 138894 , 285897 ), there are lots from Khulo ( SMF 138893 ) and from K’eda ( SMF 138892 , 138895 ) in the Adzharis-Tskali valley . On one label ‘ Keda im Karabagh’ is written. This demonstrates that Valentin meant by Karabagh the surroundings of K’eda in the Adzharis-Tskali valley .

Distribution and material (figure 2). Caucasocressa joannis is known from the Adzharian coast, the Adzharis-Tskali valley, the Çoruh valley from Ispir downstream, the Okçular valley, the Köprüler valley and the lower section of the Tortum

valley. Furthermore, there are some records from the drainage area of the Oltu Çayı, which may belong to C. joannis . Unfortunately, there is no preserved material from that area for an anatomical examination. Therefore the identity of the populations from the drainage area of the Oltu Çayı with C. joannis has to be checked.

Turkey: V. Artvin: 4 km W of Köprügören, FF90 (NBE); Kaymaz, 18 km SW of Yusufeli, GF01 (NBE); Hopa, harbour, GF08 (det. anat.; MEN); Yusufeli, GF12 (MEN); 1 km S of Kinaliçam, GF21 (NBE); Kinaliçam, GF21 (det. anat.; MEN); Yusufeli 17 km towards Tortum, GF21 (det. anat.; MEN; NNM); Yusufeli 16 km towards Tortum, GF21 (MEN); Yusufeli 12 km towards Tortum, GF22 (MEN); Yusufeli 8 km towards Tortum, GF22 (MEN); Yusufeli 9 km towards Tortum, GF22 (MEN); Yusufeli 12 km towards Artvin, GF22 (MEN); Artvin towards Yusufeli, 49 km SW of branch towards Savsat, GF22 (NBE); Artvin 23 km towards Hopa, GF28 (MEN); Artvin towards Borçka, valley of the Murgulsuyu, GF28 (LIE); 3 km WNW of Borçka, GF28 (MEN); 1 km W of Borçka, GF28 (MEN); Borçka, GF28 (ZIRAN); Borçka 2 km towards Muratli, GF28 (LIE); 5 km N of Erkinis, GF33 (det. anat.; MEN); 1.5 km N of Narik, 15 km N of Erkinis, GF34 (det. anat.; MEN); Artvin towards Yusufeli, 21 km SW of branch towards Savsat, GF34 (NBE); Artvin towards Yusufeli, 17 km SW of branch towards Savsat, GF35 (NBE); Artvin towards Yusufeli, 16 km SW of branch towards Savsat GF35 (det. anat.; MEN, NNM); 5 km S of Zeytinlik, GF35 (MEN); Artvin, GF36 (LIE; MEN; NBE); Kjatib Chan, GF36 (ZMH 2899); Artvin towards Kafkasör (LIE); Vasria near Artvin (Rosen, 1914); 5 km NW of Artvin, GF36 (det. anat.; MEN); Sotibar, GF36 (Rosen, 1914); 9 km NW of Artvin, GF37 (det. anat.; MEN); 12 km NW of Artvin, GF37 (MEN); Artvin towards Yusufeli, 3 km SW of branch towards Savsat, GF45 (MEN); Erzurum towards Artvin, 53 km N of branch towards Yusufeli, 600 m alt., GF45 (MEN); Lomaschen 5 km E of Artvin, GF46 (det. anat.; syntypes of H. joannis var. andronakii: SMF 4464 (also original to Kobelt, 1915), ZIRAN; syntype of H. p. pratensis f. anisotaenia: ZIRAN; MEN; SMF 101539, 138890); 6 km SE of Artvin, GF46 (MEN); Artvin towards Safsat, 0.5 km NE of branch towards Ardanuç, GF46 (MEN); Maçahel Geçidi, GF49 (Schütt, 1996); 13 km NW of Ardanuç, GF56 (MEN); 10 km NW of Ardanuç, KL46 (MEN); 6 km NW of Ardanuç, KL55 (MEN; NBE); 5 km NW of Ardanuç, KL55 (NBE); 1 km NW of Ardanuç, KL55 (NBE); Ardanuç, KL55 (det. anat.; MEN); Ardanuç 7 km towards Yalnizçam Geçidi, KL55 (det. anat., MEN); 16 km E of Artvin, near branch towards Ortaköy, 750 m alt., KL56 (MEN); Savsat 16 km towards Artvin, 2 km W of branch towards Meydancik, 1000 m alt., KL67 (MEN); Artvin towards Safsat, 34 km E of branch towards Erzurum, left tributary of the Berta Suyu, KL67 (NBE); Savsat towards Artvin, near branch towards Baglica (LIE); Savsat, 1300 m alt., KL87 (det. anat., LIE; MEN; NBE); Safsat towards Veliköy (LIE). V. Erzurum: Ispir 4 km towards Ikizdere, 1300 m alt., FE68 (det. anat.; NBE); Ispir, FE68 (det. anat.; syntypes of H. joannis: SMF 6448 (also original to Kobelt, 1876 and Zilch, 1960); NBE; ZMH 2900); Ispir towards Koplat, FE78 (Mortillet, 1854); Tamrut, GE49 (Rosen, 1914); 6.5 km SW of Oltu, GE58 (MEN); Oltu, GE59 (Rosen, 1914); Olur, KL52 (Rosen, 1914); Oltu towards Olur, 7 km N of branch towards Göle, KL60 (MEN).

Georgia: 3 km above the mouth of the Machakhelis-Tskali, GF29 (det. anat.; ZMUM 19043 ) ; Erge, GG20 (det. anat.; ZMH 2894 ) ; Batumi, GG21 ( SMF 73572, 101479 ) ; Ts’ikhisdziri, GG 22 (Rosen, 1914); K’obulet’i, GG33 ( ZIRAN, specimens to Rosen , 1914); K’eda, GG41 ( SMF 138892 , 138895 ) ; Karabagh (holotype of H. pratensis karabaghensis: ZIRAN ; SMF 138894 , 285897 ) ; Khulo, KM71 (det. anat.; SMF 138893 ; ZIRAN) ; Chysirkaleh (could not be localized) (holotype of H. delabris: ZMZ 508249).