Paralamprophaea greeffiana ( Augener, 1918 ) Salazar-Vallejo, 2020

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2020, Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), Zootaxa 4739 (1), pp. 1-114 : 96-99

Paralamprophaea greeffiana ( Augener, 1918) n. comb.

Figs 56 , 57

Leocrates greeffianus Augener, 1918: 219–224 , Fig. 18 , pl. 2, Fig. 31 , Pl. 3, Fig. 74; Pettibone 1970: 224–225, Fig. 22 .

Leocrates diplognathus: Monro 1930: 92 (non Monro, 1926).

Leocrates atlanticum (sic): Rullier 1965: 24 (non McIntosh, 1885).

Leocrates atlanticus: Fauvel 1913: 56–57 ; 1914: 123-124, Pl. 1, Figs 3–4 , Pl. 7, Fig. 23 (partim, only Sta. 1203), Fauvel & Rullier 1959a: 513, 1959b:158; Rullier 1964: 156–157, Fig. 10 ; Kirkegaard 1983: 214 (partim) (all non McIntosh, 1885).

Type material. Gulf of Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. Holotype ( ZMH V-5700), Ilhéu das Rolas (00°00’00” N, 06°31’25” E), near Ilha de São Tomé, R. Greeff, coll.

Additional material. Cabo Verde. One specimen ( MNHN A372), Campagne de la Calypso, Iles du Cap Vert, Fogo Island (14°57’00” N, 24°20’33” W), Sta. 35, 0.6 km SW off Encarnacao, 45–55 m, 20 Nov. 1959 [14 mm long, 3mm wide] . Two specimens ( MOM 180817), Albert 1 er de Monaco Expeditions, Sta. 1203 (15°54’00” N, 22°54’45” W), 6.2 km off SW Boa-Vista Island, 91 m, hard bottom, 18 Aug. 1901 [14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide]. Gulf of Guinea . One specimen ( MNHN A732a), Príncipe Island, R/V Calypso, Sta. 97 (01°43’10” N, 07°28’20” E), 73 m, 1 Jul. 1956 [19 mm long, 3.5 mm wide] . One specimen ( MNHN A372b), R/V Calypso, Sta. 110 (01°20’45” N, 07°17’37” E), Tinhosa Grande Islet, 25–40 m, 7 Jul. 1956 [17 mm long, 3 mm wide] . One specimen ( MNHN A475), Benin (Dahomey), 06°10’30” N, 02°32’00” E), 55 m, corals, 24 Oct. 1963, M. Faubert, coll. [26 mm long, 3 mm

wide]. One specimen ( BMNH 1930.10.8.1128), RSS Discovery I, Sta. 283, 1.3–1.6 km N 12° E off Pyramid Rock (01°20’03” S, 05°38’09” E), 18-30 m, 4 Aug. 1927 [data used for variation] . Fifty-six specimens ( NHMD 237476 ), R/ V Galathea, Sta. 49, Ilhéu das Rolas (00°00’ N, 06°32’ E), near Ilha de São Thomé, corals, 42 m, 29 Feb. 1950 [6–24 mm long, 1–3 mm wide] . Five specimens ( NHMD 237477 ), R/ V Galathea, Sta. 50, Ilhéu das Rolas (00°00’ N, 06°32’ E), south Ilha de São Tomé, 5–8 m (0 m in Kirkegaard 1983: 214), 29 Feb. 1950 [8–22 mm long, 1.0– 3.5 mm wide] .

Description. Holotype (ZMH V-5700) complete, slightly damaged ( Fig. 56A ). Body obconic, blunt anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, 10 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 16 chaetigers; right parapodium of chaetiger 8, and left parapodia of chaetigers 2, 7, 8 previously removed. Previously midventrally dissected up to chaetiger 3 to study pharynx and jaws; previously pinned through chaetiger 8. Most tentacular, and parapodial cirri on site. Body pale.

Prostomium as long as wide, slightly wider anteriorly ( Fig. 56B, C ). Lateral antennae with ceratophores welldefined, antennae about as long as prostomium, slightly longer than palps. Palpophores 1.5 times longer than palpostyles. Median antenna with tip broken, not reaching anterior prostomial margin, inserted centrally on prostomium.

Eyes colorless (pigmentation and shape after original description and redescription); eyes blackish, anterior eyes semilunar, 3–4 times larger than posterior ones; posterior eyes round (original description), to semilunar (redescription).

Nuchal organs lobes L-shaped, laterally projected, not reaching lateral prostomial margins, lobes expanded distally, not parallel-sided; lateral ciliated bands narrow, not visible dorsally. Tentacular cirri almost complete, longest one reach chaetiger 10. Lateral cushions swollen, entire, longitudinal striae not seen.

Peristomium with two round, smooth dorsolateral tubercles, ventral tubercles slightly longer than wide, smooth. Pharynx details observed by previous dissection, anterior margin smooth. Upper jaw double, colorless, inserted subdistally; lower jaw not seen, probably destroyed by dissection.

Dorsal cirri broken, shorter than body width. Chaetigers 1–3 without notochaetae; notochaetae present along chaetigers 4–16, about 10 per bundle, delicate, arranged in a bundle ( Fig. 56D ), notochaetae subdistally denticulate, denticles fine. Notacicular lobes short, blunt, round ( Fig. 56D , inset); neuracicular lobes blunt, wider than long; aciculae dark brown, tapered, surround by browinish pigmented areas. Neurochaetae about 20 per bundle, some blades missing or severely eroded, decreasing in size ventrally ( Fig. 56D , inset), bidentate, 2–5 times longer than wide (2–4 times longer than wide in Pettibone 1970, Fig. 22f ), guards approaching subdistal tooth.

Posterior region tapered, prepygidial segment and pygidium without cirri. Pygidium with anus terminal, anal cirri size unknown.

Oocytes not seen.

Variation. A large specimen collected close to the type locality (BMNH 1930.10.8.1128) is 25 mm long, 4 mm wide, with feebly pigmented, wide transverse brownish bands along chaetigers 1–4 ( Fig. 57A ), chaetigers 5–10 pale (damaged), posterior chaetigers with indistinct transverse bands, darker than preceding region. Prostomium slightly longer than wide, wider anteriorly and along eyes’ region ( Fig. 57B ); lateral antennae longer than prostomium, slightly longer than palps; palpophores twice longer than palpostyles. Median antenna complete, tapered, surpassing anterior prostomial margin, inserted centrally between eyes. Eyes slightly darker than surrounding integument, anterior eyes reniform, twice larger than posterior round ones. Eyes barely pigmented. Nuchal organs lobes slightly projected beyond lateral prostomial margins, with a basal constriction and progressively swollen; lateral ciliated bands barely visible dorsally. Peristomium with dorsolateral tubercles round, slightly wider than long, smooth, ventral tubercles blunt triangular. Pharynx anterior margin smooth, lateral vesicles present, globose, right one with a transverse constriction looking like an upper and a lower vesicle ( Fig. 57C ). Upper jaw double, brownish, ventral one single transverse plate. Tentacular cirri broken, longest one reaching chaetiger 4. Notochaetae from chaetiger 4, about 20 per bundle, subdistally denticulate, denticles coarse. Notacicular lobe digitate, twice longer than wide ( Fig. 57D ). Neuracicular lobe short (about twice wider than long). Neurochaetae about 20 per bundle, blades bidentate, decreasing in size ventrally, 4–6 times longer than wide, guards approaching subdistal tooth ( Fig. 57D , insets).

Other non-type specimens (ZMUC 237476) were studied for nuchal organs lobes variations. They are slightly divergent, not surpassing lateral prostomial margins in smallest specimen ( Fig. 57E ), progressively growing laterally surpassing lateral prostomial margins and with lobes medially furrowed in larger specimens ( Fig. 57F ). Eyes are more emarginate or reniform in smaller specimens, and become round in larger ones. Dorsal pigmentation usually involves a thin transverse pale band corresponding to parapodia, but becomes middorsaly wider, and less defined medially and posteriorly.

Remarks. Paralamprophaea greeffiana ( Augener, 1918) n. comb. is newly combined because the species match the diagnostic generic features of Paralamprophaea , instead of those of Leocrates , where it was originally included, especially after the type of nuchal organs lobes and pharynx armature. The declination for the specific epithet has to be modified to match the gender of the genus, feminine ( ICZN 1999, Arts 34.2, 48).

On the other hand, L. greeffiana is unique among similar species in the genus because its notochaetae start in chaetiger 4, against being present from chaetiger 5, as in the case in other similar species: L. bemisae n. sp., L. diplognatha ( Monro, 1926) n. comb., and L. meyeri n. sp.

The record by Monro (1930) for the Gulf of Guinea, as L. diplognathus corresponds to L. greeffiana . Monro (1930:92) indicated that his specimen (BMNH 1930.10.8.1128) has notochaetae from chaetiger 4, as is the case for L. greeffiana , instead of having them from chaetiger 5, as in L. diplognatha . The difference in the development of the nuchal organs lobes’ lateral branches, being better developed in the Gulf of Guinea’s specimen, can be explained by size differences; Augener’s type specimen was 12 mm long, a juvenile, wheras Monro’s one was twice as large (24 mm long). The development of the nuchal organs lobes of the holotype lies somewhere between the smallest juvenile and larger specimens herein illustrated.

Distribution. Cabo Verde to the Gulf of Guinea, in sediments at 5–55 m depth.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimens, Florida (ECOSUR 3075), prostomia, dorsal view. A. Smallest specimen, 13x2 mm. B. Medium-sized specimen, 32x3.5 mm. C. Large specimen, pharynx slightly exposed, 32x4 mm. D. Small specimen, pharynx exposed, 20x3 mm. Scale bars: A: 0.25 mm, B–C: 0.4 mm, D: 0.30 mm.

FIGURE 4. Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885, reinstated, non-type specimens (ECOSUR 2185), North Sea.A. Anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx partially exposed. B. Anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx fully exposed. C. Largest specimen, anterior end, dorsal view. D. Pharynx, frontal view, upper and lower jaws project inwardly (*: left lateral vesicle). E. Pharynx section, frontal view, showing upper double jaw. F. Same, frontal view, showing lower transverse jaw. Scale bars: A: 0.4 mm, B, C: 0.5 mm, D: 0.9 mm, E: 0.3 mm, F: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885, non-type specimens (MNHN A71). A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Same, anterior end, dorsal view. C. Same, pharynx, frontal view, after MGS. D. Smallest specimen (20 mm long), chaetiger 8, left parapodium, anterior view, SAS. E. Another specimen, anterior region, dorsal view. F.Anterior end, dorsal view. G. Largest specimen (32 mm long), chaetiger 8, left parapodium, anterior view, SAS. Scale bars: A: 2 mm, B, D: 0.7 mm, C: 1 mm, E, G: 0.9 mm, F: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 18. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, holotype (USNM 15915), MGS. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium, anterior view (insets: longest and shortest neurochaetal blades, and notacicular lobe). Scale bars: A: 0.7 mm, B, C: 0.6 mm, D: 0.9 mm.

FIGURE 22. Lamprophaea pettiboneae n. sp., holotype (USNM 23961). A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by glass slide. B. Anterior end, MGS. C. Prostomium and exposed pharynx, fading MGS. D. Pharynx, frontal view. E. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium, anterior view, MGS (insets: notacicular and neuracicular lobes). F. Upper and lower neurochaetal blades. Scale bars: A: 1.9 mm, B: 1.1 mm, C, E: 0.5 mm, D: 0.9 mm, F: 80 µm.

FIGURE 23. Lamprophaea pleijeli n. sp., holotype (UF 659). A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by glass slide fragment. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Pharynx, everted, frontal view, MGS. D. Chaetiger 8, left parapodium, anterior view, MGS. E. Same, chaetae (insets: longer and shorter neurochaetal blades). F. Posterior region, ventral view. Scale bars:A: 1.5 mm, B, C, E: 0.5 mm, D: 0.4 mm, F: 2 mm.

FIGURE 31. Leocrates harrisae n. sp., holotype (LACM 10146). A.Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior region, ventral view. D. Chaetiger 7, left parapodium, anterior view, MGS (inset: notacicular lobe). E. Upper neurochaetal blades. F. Lower neurochaetal blade. Scale bars: A: 1 mm, B: 0.3 mm, C: 0.7 mm, D: 0.4 mm, E: 60 μm, F: 70 μm.

FIGURE 56. Paralamprophaea greeffiana (Augener, 1918) new combination, holotype (ZMH V-5700).A. Dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Same, MGS. D. Chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (insets: notacicular lobe, neurochaetael tips). Scale bars: A: 0.6 mm, B: 0.3 mm, C: 0.5 mm, D: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 57. Paralamprophaea greeffiana (Augener, 1918) new combination, non-type specimens.A. Large specimen (BMNH 1930.10.8.1128), anterior region, dorsal view. B. Same, anterior end, dorsal view, MGS. C. Same, ventral view. D. Chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (insets: longer and shorter neurochaetal blades). Non-type specimens (NHMD 237476), E. Smallest specimen (6 mm long), anterior end, dorsal view, MGS. F. Large specimen (20 mm long), anterior end, dorsal view. Scale bars: A: 1.2 mm, B: 0.8 mm, C: 1 mm, D: 0.3 mm, E: 0.2 mm, F: 0.4 mm.