Temnoscheila Westwood, 1830

Kolibac, Jiri, 2013, Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys, ZooKeys 366, pp. 1-194 : 58-65

Genus Temnoscheila Westwood, 1830 Figs 7 , 8 ; Map 5

Temnoscheila Westwood, J. O. 1830: 231.

Type species:

Trogossita caerulea Olivier, 1790 [by monotypy]

Downie, N. M. & Arnett, R. H., Jr. 1996: 937 (key). Kolibáč, J. 2005: 83 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 109 (review of larvae), 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Spahr, U. 1981: 74 (amber and copal fossils)

Temnochila Erichson, 1844 (unjustified emendation by Erichson 1844: 449)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 9. Barron, J. R. 1971: 70. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (unjustified emendation). Nikitsky, N. B. 1992: 80

Trogossita Olivier, 1790 [type species: Trogossita caerulea Olivier, 1790]

Barron, J. R. 1971: 70. Crowson, R. A. 1964a: 299. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1652 (larva). Matthews, E. G. 1992: 3. Reitter, E. 1876: 26 ( Trogosita )

Description.

Body size: about 9.0-26.0 mm. Body shape elongate. Gular sutures reduced. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression present. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides present. Submentum of males: ctenidium present. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size flat. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination deep. Lacinial hooks absent. Galea: shape elongate. Galea: ciliate setae present. Mediostipes-Lacinia not fused. Palpifer: outer edge denticulate. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, vertically situated. Mola absent. Penicillus (at base) present (fine, often membranous). Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow present. Basal notch shallow or absent. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite present. Lateral tormal process: projection curved downwards, processes not connected ( Airora ). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula rigid, weakly retroflexed, deeply emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite sickle shaped. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club asymmetrical, sensorial fields present. Front coxal cavities externally closed, internally open. Pronotum elongate. Prepectus absent. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism present, carinae reduced. Elytral punctation regular, scales absent. Wing: radial cell triangular, wedge cell present, cross vein MP3-4 present, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: one. Coxitae undivided.

Larva: Frontal arms V-shaped. Epicranial stem reduced. Endocarina present. Gular sutures conspicuous, parallel. Gula: anterior apodemes absent. Paragular sclerites present. Hypostomal rods present. Stemmata number: five. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally even, vertically situated. Lacinia mandibulae with several small spines. Mola absent. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Palpifer absent. Pedunculate seta present. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes partially fused. Cardo: size much smaller than stipes. Ligula present. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in single part, anterior margin projecting. Torma: two separate lateral sclerites. Antennal joints 1 and 2 elongate. Sensory appendix very small. Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 1-2-2. Thoracic sclerites pattern (ventrally) 3+1+1. Trochanter oblong. Abdominal segment IX not divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi present, hooked; median process absent.

Biology.

Predatory. Adults hunt for xylophagous beetles on logs and branches of various trees and shrubs. Larvae live mostly under bark but sometimes dwell on the surface of wood as well.

Distribution.

The bulk of species are distributed in the two Americas. Only a few species spread through to the Palaearctic region. Several species tend to cosmopolitanism ( Temnoscheila caerulea , Temnoscheila virescens ).

Species:

Temnoscheila acuta LeConte, 1858; Texas (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila ). Barron, J. R. 1971: 85 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila aenea Olivier, 1790; Brazil, Porto Rico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila aerea LeConte, 1858; Guatemala (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila ). Barron, J. R. 1971: 78 ( Temnochila ). Barron, J. R. 1971: 78 (syn. Temnochila virescens var. nyentia Dow, 1912). Dow, R. P. 1912: 70

Temnoscheila alticola Sharp, 1891

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila aureola Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila aurora Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila barbata LeConte, 1863; "Cap S. Lucas" (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila ). Barron, J. R. 1971: 73 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila bedeli Léveillé, 1889; Venezuela (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila belti Sharp, 1891; Nicaragua (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila biolleyi Léveillé, 1903; Costa Rica (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila boboensis Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila boliviensis Léveillé, 1903; Bolivia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila borrei Reitter, 1875; Antilles, Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila brevior Léveillé, 1889; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila caerulea Olivier, 1790; South Europe, Southwestern Asia, North Africa, China (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10. Bahillo de la Puebla P. & López-Colón, J. I. 1999: 13. Sarikaya, O. & Avci, M. 2009: 129. Borowiec, L. 1983: 10. Burakowski et al. 1986: 116. Crowson, R. A. 1972: 339 ( Trogossita ). Gobbi, G. 1983: 51 ( Temnochila ). Klausnitzer, B. 1976: 5 ( Temnochila ). Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 21 ( Temnochila ). Kolibáč, J. 1993b: 90 ( Temnochila ). Mitter, H. 1998: 560 ( Temnochila ). Kolibáč, J. 2005: 83 (redescription)

Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 36 (syn. Temnoscheila gemella Bedel, 1900; described as species; synonymized by Kolibáč 2007a); Algeria (JK)

Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (syn. Temnoscheila pini Brullé, 1838); Canary Isl. (JK)

Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (syn. Temnoscheila rogenhoferi Reitter, 1875) "India or." (JK)

Klausnitzer, B. 1978: 176 ( Temnochila ). Léveillé, A. 1910: 11 ( Temnochila caerulea var. asiatica Léveillé, 1908); Yunnan (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10 (syn. Temnochila rogenhoferi Reitter, 1875)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11 ( Temnochila var. gemella Bedel, 1900) Algeria (AL)

Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1655 ( Trogossita ) (larva). Pajares, J. A. et al. 2004: 633 (biology). Whitehouse, N. J. 1997: 293 (biology). Vogt, H. 1967: 15 ( Temnochila )

Temnoscheila caerulea pini Brullé, 1838; Canary Isl. (varA)

Plata-Negrache, P. & C. Prendes-Ayala 1981: 226

Temnoscheila chalcea Kirsch, 1873; Peru, America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila championi Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila chevrolati Reitter, 1875; Brazil: „Cayenna”, America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila chiriquensis Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila chlorodia Mannerheim, 1843; Western USA, Western Canada (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 82 (syn. Temnochila prosternalis Schaeffer, 1918; synonymized by Barron 1971). Barron, J. R. 1971: 82 (syn. Temnochila virescens chlorodia ab. melanica Hatch, 1962). Barron, J. R. 1971: 82 (syn. Temnochila viridicyanea Mannerheim, 1843; synonymized by whom, Reitter 1875?). Barron, J. R. 1971: 82 (syn. Temnochila virescens chlorodia Mannerheim, 1843: Schaeffer 1918, 1920; Hatch 1962; Struble and Carpelan 1941)

Boone, C. K. S. et al. 2008: 411 (biology). Dahlsten, D. L. et al. 2004: 1554 (biology). DeMars, C. J. Jr. et al. 1986: 881 (biology). Dominguez-Sanchez, B. et al. 2008: 175 (biology). Gaylord, M. L. W. et al. 2008: 57 (biology). Goheen, D. J. et al. 1985: 1535 (biology). Fettig, Ch. J. & Dabney, Ch. P. 2006: 75 (biology). Fettig, Ch. J. et al. 2004: 490 (biology). Fettig, Ch. J. et al. 2005: 748 (biology). Fettig, Ch. J. et al. 2007: 141 (biology). Léveillé, A. 1910: 13 ( Temnoscheila virescens ). Marsden, M. A. et al. 1981: 1 (biology). Miller, D. R. et al. 1997: 2013 (biology). Ross, D. W. & Daterman, G. E. 1998: 500 (biology). Swezey, S. L. & Dahlsen, D. L. 1982: 142 (biology). Williams, K. K. et al. 2009: 351 (biology). Zhou, J. et al. 2001: 993 (biology)

Temnoscheila chrysosterna Reitter, 1875; Brazil: „Cayenna” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 10

Temnoscheila colossus Serville, 1828; Colombia, Brazil: „Cayenna” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila corinthia Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila costaricensis Sharp, 1891; Costarica (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila curta Léveillé, 1889; Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila davidi Léveillé, 1898; Ecuador (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila dendrobia Gistl & Bromme, 1850; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila derasa Sharp, 1891; Mexico, Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila diffinis Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila digitata Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila doumerci Serville, 1828; Brazil: „Cayenna” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila dryadis Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila ebenina Blanchard, 1875; Bolivia, Uruguay (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila edendata Schaeffer, 1918; USA: Arizona, California, Mexico: Baja (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 76 (syn. Temnochila sonorana Barrett, 1932: 171; synonymized by Barron 1971)

Schaeffer, C. F. A. 1918: 194

Temnoscheila exarata Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila festiva Serville, 1828; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11 (syn. Temnochila splendens Gray in Griffith 1832 ( Temnoscheila ); synonymized by whom?)

Temnoscheila foveicollis Reitter, 1875; Brazil: „Cayenna”, „Para” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila fraudulenta Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila fulgidovittata Blanchard, 1875; Bolivia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila geminata Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila gigantea Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila gloriosa Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila grandis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila grilloi Léveillé, 1905; Brazil: „Paraná” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 11

Temnoscheila grouvellei Léveillé, 1889; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila guatemalana Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila hubbardi Léveillé, 1889; USA: Florida (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12. Barron, J. R. 1971: 75

Temnoscheila insignis Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12. Reitter, E. 1875: 10 (homonym with Temnoscheila insignis Heer, 1868)

† Temnoscheila insignis Heer, 1868 ( Trogosita ); Tertiary: Eocene; Greenland (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 120

Temnoscheila iris Reitter, 1875; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila jansoni Léveillé, 1889; Brazil: "Minas Geraes" (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila japonica Reitter, 1875; Japan, North Korea, Russian Far East, Northeastern China (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12. Esaki, T. et al. 1951: 1060. Inouye, M. & Nobuchi, A. 1957: 194 ( Temnochila ) (larva). Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 146 (larva). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1655 ( Trogossita ) (larva). Nakane, T. K. et al. 1963: 181. Nikitsky, N. B. 1992: 80

Temnoscheila jekeli Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12 (syn. Temnochila sennevillei Léveillé, 1878)

Temnoscheila kirschi Reitter, 1875; Colombia: Bogota (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila laevicollis Reitter, 1875; Brazil: „Cayenna” (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila laticollis Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila lebasi Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila leveillei Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila lucens Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila metallica Percheron, 1835?; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12 (syn. Temnochila mexicana Reitter, 1875; synonymized by Salle 1877)

Temnoscheila mirabilis Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila miranda Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila nigritarsis Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila obscura Reitter, 1875; North America? (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila obsoleta Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila obtusicollis Reitter, 1875; Venezuela (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila olivacea Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila olivicolor Léveillé, 1889; Ecuador (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila omolopha Barron, 1971; USA: Arizona, New Mexico (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 77

Temnoscheila parva Léveillé, 1889; Santo Domingo (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila patricioi Kirsch, 1881; "S. Thomé Isl." (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila peruviana Léveillé, 1907; Peru (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila planicollis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila planipennis Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12 (syn. Temnochila metallica Reitter, 1875; synonymized by whom?)

Temnoscheila polita Chevrolat, 1833; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila pollens Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila polygonalis Léveillé, 1899; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila portoricensis Léveillé, 1907; Porto Rico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila praeterita Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila punctatissima Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila punicea Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 12

Temnoscheila quadricollis Reitter, 1875; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila querula Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila reitteri Kirsch, 1885; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila reversa Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila rhyssa Barron, 1971; USA: California, Idaho (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 77

Temnoscheila rugulosa Kirsch, 1873; Peru (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila sallei Léveillé, 1889; Guatemala, Yucatan (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila salvini Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila sculpturata Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila sharpi Léveillé, 1894; Bogota (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila smithi Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila splendida Gory, 1831; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila steinheili Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila stipes Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila subcylindrica Léveillé, 1907; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila sulcifrons Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila sulcisternum Léveillé, 1889; Jamaica (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila suturata Reitter, 1875; Mexico, Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila telemanensis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila tristis Mulsant & Rey, 1853; Italia, Argentina, Colombia, Brazil (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13 (syn. Temnochila cribricollis Reitter, 1875; synonymized by whom?). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365

Temnoscheila urbensis Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila varians Guérin, 1846; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila variicolor Léveillé, 1889; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13

Temnoscheila virescens Fabricius, 1775; Guayana, Central America, USA, introduced to Australia (varA)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13. Abbott, I. 1993: 35 (biology). Barron, J. R. 1971: 79. Barron, J. R. 1971: 80 (syn. Temnochila cyanea Reitter, 1875; syn. by Léveillé, 1888). Barron, J. R. 1971: 80 (syn. Temnochila cyanea Reitter, 1875; may be synonym of Temnoscheila chlorodia ! Note Barron 1971). Billings, R. F. 1985: 483 (biology). Billings, R. F. & Cameron, R. S. 1984: 1542 (biology). Böving, A. G. & Craighead, F. C. 1931: 273 (larva). Klausnitzer, B. 1978: 176. Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 146 (larva). Lawson, S. A. & Morgan, F. D. 1992: 225 (biology). Lawson, S. A. & Morgan, F. D. 1993: 139 (biology). Massey, C. L. et al. 1977: 1 (biology). Matthews, E. G. 1992: 3. McCravy, K. W. et al. 2000: 77 (biology). Page, J. M. 1981: 217 (biology). Reeve, J. D. S. et al. 2009: 183 (biology)

Temnoscheila yuccae Crotch, 1874; USA: California, Nevada; Mexico: Baja (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 13. Barron, J. R. 1971: 74

Temnoscheila sp.

Beutel, R. G. & Ślipiński, S. A. 2001: 219 (phylogeny, morphology). Costa, C. et al. 1988: 177 (larva)

Figures

Map 5. A distribution of the tribe Trogossitini.

Figure 7. A Eupycnus lentus B Melambia crenicollis C Melambia striata D Leipaspis lauricola E Nemozoma cornutum F Nemozoma elongatum G Nemozoma caucasicum H Parallelodera quadraticollis I Temnoscheila pini.

Figure 8. A Temnoscheila smaragdina B Temnoscheila caerulea C Temnoscheila punctatissima D Tenebroides mauritanicus E Tenebroides ruber F Tenebroides bipustulatus G Tenebroides fossulatus.