Longidorus pini Andrés & Arias, 1988

Archidona-Yuste, Antonio, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Carolina, Castillo, Pablo & Palomares-Rius, Juan E., 2019, Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain, Contributions to Zoology 88, pp. 1-41 : 37-41

Longidorus pini Andrés & Arias, 1988 ( fig. 15 ,

table 5)

Remarks. Longidorus pini was originally described from around roots of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and Pyrenean oak ( Quercus pyrenaica Willd. ) at San Martin del Pimpollar, Avila Province, and Juncus sp. in Capileira, Granada Province, Spain (Andrés & Arias, 1988). A Longidorus population resembling this species was detected in the rhizosphere of Pyrenean oak, at Nava de Francia, Salamanca Province, Spain, which prompted us to study this population in order to characterise it molecularly and compare it with paratype specimens, thus supporting identification. The population from Nava de Francia was characterised by a medium body size, lip region offset and slightly expanded, amphidial fovea symmetrically bilobed, and female tail conical dorsally convex, ventrally concave. One male specimen was found, representing the first report for this species and showing a similar morphology than that of females, except for the genital system and posterior region being slightly curved ventrally. Spicules arcuate, robust, 0.7 times shorter than tail length, lateral guiding pieces more or less straight. One pair of

Paratypes ( Kankina and Arroyo Frío (Jaén, Spain) Metlitskaya, 1983)

Characters/ratios Females Males J1 J2 J3 J 4 Females Males

n 14 2

L 7.5 ± 0.66 (6.0, 6.9) (6.1–8.7)

a (body length/maximum 97.0 ± 13.2 (72.0, 96.0) body width) (69.8–123.4)

b (body length/pharyngeal 14.8 ± 2.0 (12.4, 14.0) length) (10.2–17.4)

c (body length/tail length) 173.6 ± 21.5 (119.5, 157.0) (132.9–205.1)

c´ (tail length/body width 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.8, 0.9)

at anus) (0.7–1.0)

V or T ((distance from 54.0 ± 1.5 (27.2, 45.7) anterior end to vulva or (51.5–57.5)

male gonad length/body length) x 100)

Odontostyle length 104.5 ± 5.6 (99.0, 109.0) (96.0–115.0)

Replacement odontostyle – –

length

Odontophore length 55.7 ± 9.9 (49.0–50.5) (44.0–73.0)

6 5 6 6

1.44 ± 0.40 2.6 ± 0.86 3.5 ± 0.30 5.4 ± 0.50 (1.3–1.5) (2.5–2.8) (3.1–3.8) (4.8–6.0) 49.6 ± 0.9 65.5 ± 5.4 69.7 ± 6.3 87.6 ± 11.8 (46.6–54.5) (59.8–71.9) (62.8–78.4) (68.2–101.9) 5.4 ± 0.5 8.0 ± 1.2 9.9 ± 1.4 10.8 ± 1.3 (5.0–5.9) (6.1–9.2) (8.4–12.1) (8.8–12.4) 30.9 ± 6.4 62.3 ± 3.2 79.8 ± 14.5 121.6 ± 16.9 (27.2–42.3) (57.3–66.4) (59.7–96.4) (98.4–141.5) 2.2 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.1 (1.9–2.4) (1.3–1.6) (0.9–1.2) (0.8–1.1)

– – – –

58.2 ± 1.2 65.4 ± 2.8 79.0 ± 4.2 90.3 ± 2.0 (56.0–60.0) (62.0–69.5) (73.0–84.0) (87.5–93.5) 66.9 ± 4.0 77.3 ± 2.4 90.5 ± 7.4 102.7 ± 3.5 (63.0–74.5) (73.5–80.0) (83.0–103.0) (99.5–109.0) 34.2 ± 9.0 46.9 ± 3.0 47.0 ± 5.7 58.4 ± 7.0 (21.5–45.0) (44.0–51.5) (39.5–53.0) (47.0–66.0) 2

8.41 (7.85, 8.98)

113.5 (107.9, 119.2)

16.8 (15.1, 18.6)

170.4 (163.6, 177.3)

0.87 (0.86, 0.88)

52.6 (51.3, 54.0)

112,116

–

50.4, 52.2

3

7.38 (6.80–8.17) 111.3 (107.0–118.6) 16.7 (13.6–21.6) 144.4 (142.9–145.4) 0.9 (0.9–1.0)

38.4 (32.8–42.7)

–

–

–

Total stylet length 156.2 ± 16.7 (149.5, 158.0) – – – – 165.9 (163.2, 168.6) 164.5 (108.0–180.0) (162.4–168.0)

Lip region width 15.1 ± 1.2 (14.5, 16.5) 8.4 ± 0.4 9.4 ± 0.5 12.3 ± 1.5 12.7 ± 0.7 – – (13.0–17.0) (8.0–9.0) (8.5–10.0) (10.5–14.0) (11.5–13.5)

Oral aperture-guiding 31.4 ± 1.4 (34.0, 35.0) 20.8 ± 0.9 24.2 ± 0.8 26.8 ± 1.4 30.8 ± 2.7 32.5 – ring (32.0–37.0) (19.5–22.0) (23.5–25.0) (25.5–28.5) (27.5–34.0) Tail length 43.4 ± 4.3 (44.0, 50.0) 48.0 ± 6.9 42.0 ± 2.1 45.1 ± 5.8 44.4 ± 4.0 48.0, 57.0 – (37.5–52.0) (36.0–52.5) (39.0–44.0) (37.5–52.0) (40.0–49.0)

Spicules – (80.0, 82.0) – – – – – 66.2 (62.4–73.2)

Lateral accessory piece – (20.5, 22.0) – – – – – – J (hyaline tail region 12.9 ± 1.1 (12.0, 13.5) 12.8 ± 0.9 7.7 ± 1.3 9.5 ± 2.5 10.6 ± 1.2 – – length) (11.5–15.5) (12.0–13.5) (6.5–9.5) (6.5–11.5) (9.0–12.0)

adanal supplements preceded by a row of 7 ventromedian supplements ( fig. 15 ). The population of Nava de Francia agree with the original description and examined paratypes (Andrés & Arias, 1988) in morphology and morphometry ( fig. 15 and table 5), except for a slightly longer body (5.7–6.0 mm vs. 4.0– 5.7 mm), longer odontostyle (79.0–80.0 μm vs. 65–74 μm), and shorter female tail length (60.0–66.5 μm vs. 57.0–75.0 μm). These differences should be regarded as geographical intraspecific variation. In addition, this study expands its distribution to another province in north-western Spain. According to the polytomous key by Chen et al. (1997), the supplement by Loof & Chen (1999), and additional codes (Peneva et al., 2013; Archidona et al., 2016), this species has the following code (codes in parentheses are exceptions): A2-B1-C2-D3-E2-F3-G3-H6-I12-J?–K ?.

References

Andrés, M.F. & Arias, M. (1988) A new species of Longidorus ( Nematoda : Longidoridae ) associated with forest soils and notes on L. congoensis Aboul-Eid, 1970 and L.intermedius Kozlowska & Seinhorst, 1979 , new records for Spain. Nematologica, 33, 386–392.

Archidona-Yuste, A., Navas-Cortés, J.A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Palomares-Rius, J.E. & Castillo, P. (2016) Unravelling the biodiversity and molecular phylogeny of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus ( Nematoda : Longidoridae ) in olive and a description of six new species. PLoS ONE, 11, e0147689. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0147689.

Arias, M., Andrés, M.F. & Navas, A. (1986). Longidorus carpetanensis sp. n. and L. unedoi sp. n. ( Nematoda : Longidoridae ) from Spain. Revue de Nématologie, 9, 101–106.

Bravo, M.A. & Lemos, R.M. (1997) Longidorus , Paralongidorus and Xiphinema in Portugal. In: M.S. de A Santos, I. O. Abrantes, D.J.F. Brown & R.M. Lemos (Eds.) An Introduction to Virus Vector Nematodes and their Associated Viruses, pp. 421–441. Instituto do Ambiente e Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra.

Bravo, M.A. & Roca, F. (1995) Observations on Longidorus africanus Merny from Portugal with description of L. vinearum n. sp. ( Nematoda : Longidoridae ). Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 18, 81–88.

Guesmi-Mzoughi, I., Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Palomares-Rius, J.E., Regaieg, H., Horrigue-Raouani, N. & Castillo, P. (2017) Integrative identification and molecular phylogeny of dagger and needle nematodes associated with cultivated olive in Tunisia. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 147, 389–414. doi:10.1007/s10658-016- 1011-x.

Chen, Q.W., Hooper, D.J., Loof, P.A.A. & Xu, J. (1997) A revised polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 ( Nematoda : Dorylaimoidea). Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 20, 15–28.

Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, C., Bravo, M.A., Santos, M.T., Vieira, P. & Mota, M. (2016) An update on the genus Longidorus , Paralongidorus and Xiphinema (Family Longidoridae ) in Portugal. Zootaxa, 4189, 99–114. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.4.

Jacobs, P.J.F. & Heyns, J. (1987). Eight new and two known species of Longidorus from South Africa ( Nematoda : Longidoridae ). Phytophylactica, 19, 15–33.

Kankina, V.K. & Metlitskaya, K.V. (1983) Parasitic nematodes of the family Longidoridae (Thorne, 1935) Meyl, 1961 , on currant and raspberry. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk TadzhikskoissR Otdelenie Biologicheskikh Nauk, 4, 50–52.

Lamberti, F., Agostinelli, A. & Radicci, V. (1996) Longidorid nematodes from Northern Egypt. Nematol. Mediterr., 24, 307–339.

Loof, P.A.A. & Chen, Q. (1999) A revised polytomous key for the identification of the species of the genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 ( Nematoda : Dorylaimoidea). Supplement 1. Nematology, 1, 55–59. doi:10.1163/156854199507974.

Macara, A.M. (1994) Nematodes associated with forest plants in Portugal (no período de 1987– 1992). Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 17, 77–126.

Merny, G. (1966). Nematodes from tropical Africa: A new Paratylenchus ( Criconematidae ) two new Longidorus and observations on Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 ( Dorylaimidae ). Nematologica, 12, 385–395. doi:10.1163/18752926 6X00860.

Peneva, V., Lazarova, S., De Luca, F. & Brown, D.J.F. (2013) Description of Longidorus cholevae sp. n. ( Nematoda , Dorylaimida ) from riparian habitat in the Rila Mountains, Bulgaria. ZooKeys, 330, 1–26. doi:10.3897/zookeys.330.5750.

Zeidan, A.B. & Coomans, A. (1991) Longidoridae ( Nematoda : Dorylaimida ) from Sudan. Nematol. Mediterr., 19, 177–189.

Figures

FIGURE 15 Light micrographs of Longidorus pini Andrés and Arias, 1988 paratypes from San Martín del Pimpollar, Avila province (A–F), and the population from Nava de Francia, Salamanca province (G–M). A–C, G–I, female anterior regions.D–F, J–K, female tails. L-M, male tail with detail of spicules. Abbreviations: a = anus; gr = guiding ring; sp = spicules; spl = ventromedian supplements.Scale bars = 20 μm