Galeodea, LINK, 1807

Squires, Richard L., 2022, Revision of Eocene warm-water cassid gastropods from coastal southwestern North America: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal-turnover, PaleoBios 36, pp. 1-22 : 3-4

GALEODEA LINK, 1807

Type species— By monotypy. Buccinum echinophorum Linné, 1758 (= Morio echinophora Linné, 1758 ). Pliocene to Recent, southern Europe to Mediterranean.

Geologic range— Late Cretaceous (Santonian to early Campanian) to Recent. Galeodea is present in middle Miocene to early Pliocene strata, as well as rarely to uncommonly in the modern record; namely, in the Dominican Republic and elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea region ( Beu 2010).

Differential diagnosis— Spire moderately low to moderately high, partially submerged or not. Radial ribs absent on spire. Last-whorl shoulder distinct, tabulate (common) or rounded, and bearing nodes strong (common) or weak. Anterior siphonal canal moderately short to long, twisted (leftward), and unnotched (therefore no siphonal fasciole). Canal reflected leftward and upward (dorsally). Aperture moderately wide; inner lip can have lirae or pustules; posterior end of inner canal can have parietal node and consequent restriction. Shell can have multiple episodic varices, and terminal varix weak to prominent; outer lip can be slightly flared and can bear denticles on its interior.

Remarks— Dall (1909: p. 64) gave a very detailed synonymy, up to the year 1909, of Galeodea , and Beu (2010: p. 231) gave nine genus-group names. Beu (2008) demonstrated that Galeodea belongs in the Cassinae . He commented that protoconchs of all the Recent Galeodea species have almost no specific characters. They are like

Provincial Key Ma Epochs Chrons Polarity / Nannos Stages Molluscan and biozones Stages Stratigraphic Units Taxa/Ranges Climate Events Faunal 30 Olig. Lower C12 CP CP 16 17 Rupelian Matlockian Liracassis rex Blakeley cooler water 35 Upper C C C C 16 15 17 13 CP15 Priabonian Galvinian Echinophoria E E.. dalli fax Keasey Cowlitz Tukwila Creek Lincoln sutterensis cooling global turnover fauna turnover 40 Middle C C 18 19 CP14 Bartonian ″Tejon” Tejon meganosensis Galeodea californica Galeodea Galeodea tuberculiformis warmwater fauna C20 CP13 Lutetian ″Transition” up. Juncal 45 Eocene C21 CP12 ″Domengine” Domengine Llajas Galeodea louella trituberculata conditions warm 50 Lower C C 22 23 CP CP 10 11 Ypresian ″Capay” Lodo Capay up low Crescent Maniobra Lookingglass. Juncal. Juncal Shale Galeodea Echinophoria Paleocene- Meganos Eocene C24 CP9 ″Meganos” up.Santa Thermal taxa Influx from of 55 Susana Maximum (PETM) the CP8 Tethyan Paleocene Upper C25 CP CP7 6 Thanetian ″Martinez” cassids cassine phaliine cassids Realm the protoconch of G. echinophora , the type species of Galeodea , in that they are all very small, blunt, and paucispiral ( Beu 2008: figs. 11A, C, E). Some Eocene species of Galeodea have a long anterior canal ( Gardner 1939), but other species do not.