Anarsia innoxiella, Gregersen, Keld & Karsholt, Ole, 2017

Gregersen, Keld & Karsholt, Ole, 2017, Taxonomic confusion around the Peach Twig Borer, Anarsialineatella Zeller, 1839, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1), pp. 65-85 : 68-73

Anarsia innoxiella sp. n.

Holotype.

♀, Denmark, LFM, Flintinge, 9.vii.2002, leg. K. Gregersen, gen. slide Gregersen 3462 (ZMUC).

Paratypes.

Bulgaria. Blagoevgrad prov., 5 km E Illindentsi, 880 m, 1♂, 7.viii.2012, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); Burgas prov., Strandja, Zvezdets, Kovach, 350 m, 2♂, 1♀, 16-25.vi.2014, leg. H. Roweck & N. Savenkov (ECKU); Kardzhali prov., Krumovgrad, 1♂, 9.vi.2005, leg. J. Buszko, gen. slide Karsholt 5243 (ZMUC). Croatia. Velebit Mt., 1 km W Brusane, 825 m, 1♂, 1♀, 27.vi.2003, leg. C. Hviid & B. Skule, gen. slide Gregersen 1621, 1622 (ZMUC). Czech Republic. Bohemia, Srbsko, 1♂, la. 24.v.2000, Acer campestre , leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC). Denmark. B: Øster Sømarken, 1♂, 5.vii.2006 & 1♂, 5.vii.2008, leg. P. Falck; B: Sømarken, 1♀, 25.vii.2010, leg. P. Falck; B: Melsted, 1♂, 17.vii.2010 & 1♂, 18.vii.2013, leg. P. Falck; B: Grisby, 1♂, 11.vi.2011, leg. P. Falck; B: Årsdale, 1♂, 7.viii.2015, leg. P. Falck (all PF). LFM, Horreby Lyng, 1♂, 20.vii.1960, leg. H. K. Jensen, gen. slide Jensen 589 (ZMUC), 1♀, 10.vii.2010, leg. K. Gregersen,gen. slide Gregersen 3463 (KG); LFM, Maltrup Skov, 1♂, 9.vii.1971, leg. K. Schnack (ZMUC); LFM, Sakskøbing, 1♀, 9.vii.1972, leg. K. Pedersen (ZMUC); LFM, Mellemskoven, 1♂, 5.viii.1972, leg. G. Pallesen (ECKU), 1♂, 7.vii. 1973, G. Jørgensen, leg., gen. slide Gregersen 3361 (KG); LFM, Hanemose, 1♂, 11.vii.1975, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); LFM, Frejlev Skov 1♀, 3.vii.1976, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); LFM, Møns Klint, 1♂, 6.vii.1976, leg. K. Schnack, 1♂, 13.vii.1985, leg. H. Hendriksen, gen. slide Hendriksen 506, 1♂, 17.vii.1999, 1♂, 10-12.vii.2010, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); LFM, Ulfshale, 1♀, 8.vii.1977, K. Schnack, gen. slide Gregersen 1629 (ZMUC); LFM, Blans Skifter, 1♂, 7.vii.1983, leg. K. Gregersen, gen. slide Gregersen 1585 (KG); LFM, Vålse Vesterskov, 1♂, 1♀, 30.vii.1984, leg. K. Gregersen (KG), 1♂, 1.vii.1993, leg. H. K. Jensen (ZMUC); LFM, Stubbekøbing, Rodemark, 1♂, 31.vii.1984, 1♂, 12.vii.1985, 1♂, 27.vii.1986, 1♂, 9.vii.1989, 1♂, 25.vi.1990, 1♂, 26.vi.1990, 1♂, 28.vi.1990, 1♂, 8.vii.1993, 1♂, 9.viii.1996, 1♂, 10.viii.1996, 1♀, 15.vii.2002, 1♂, 2.vii.2003, 1♀, 2.vii.2006, 1♀, 4.vii.2009, leg. A. Madsen (KG, ZMUC); LFM, Næsgård Landbrugsskole, 1♂, 26.vi.1989, leg. A. Madsen (ZMUC); LFM, Roden Skov, 1♀, 8.vii.1989, leg. K. Gregersen, gen. slide Gregersen 1594 (KG); LFM Løgnor, 2♂, 30.vii.1991, 4♂, 4.vi.1992; leg. H. K. Jensen (ZMUC); LFM, Jydelejet, 1♂, 9.vii.1992, leg. H. K. Jensen (ZMUC); LFM, Korselitse Østerskov, 1♂, 19-25.vii.1992, leg. G. Jeppesen & K. Larsen (KL); LFM, Guldborg Storskov, 1♂, 8.vii.1993, leg. A. Madsen (ZMUC); LFM, Fuglsang, Skejten, 1♂, 1♀, 15.vii.1993, leg. M. Stoltze & O. Karsholt, gen. slide Hendriksen 2094 (ZMUC); LFM, Hamborgskoven, 2♂, 14.vii.1995, leg. K. Gregersen, gen. slide Gregersen 0943, 1♂, 3.vii.2010, leg. K. Gregersen (KG); LFM, Mandemarke, 1♂, 21-22.vii.1996, 1♂, 28.vii.1996, 1♂, 7-13.vii.2002, 1♀, 10-12.vii.2005, 2♂, 13-15.vii.2005, 1♂, 1-4.vii.2006, 1♀, 12-19.vii.2009, 1♂, 4♀, 10-11.vii.2010, gen. slide Karsholt 5247, 4♀, 12-13.vii.2010, 1♀, 16.vi.2010, gen. slide Karsholt 5211, 1♂, 15.vii.2010, gen. slide Karsholt 5238, 1♂, 1♀, 17.vii.2010, 2♀, 19.vii.2010, 1♂, 2♀, 3-4.vii.2011, 1♂, 27-28.vii.2012, 1♂, 4-7.vii.2013, 1♂, 8-10.vii.2013, 2♂, 11-18.vii.2013, 1♂, 3-5.vii.2014, 1♂, 9-13.viii.2015, 1♂, 22-23.vi.2016, 1♂, 1♀, 22-29.vii.2016, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); LFM Faksehule Fyr, 1♂, 9.vii.1999, leg. B. Baungaard, gen. slide Gregersen 3286 (KG); LFM, Hesnæs Havn, 1♂, 18.vii.2002, leg. K. Gregersen, gen. slide Gregersen 3079 (KG); LFM, Møns Klint syd, 1♂, 10-12.vii.2010, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); LFM, Rødbyhavn, 1♀, 5.vii.2014, gen. slide Gregersen 3359; 1♀, 6.vii.2014, leg. K. Gregersen (KG). NEZ, Gentofte, Dyssegård, 1♂, 18.vii.1968, leg. C. Aastrup, gen. slide Hendriksen 762 (ZMUC); NEZ, Søborg, 2♂, 10.vii.1976, leg. K. Schnack (ZMUC); same locality but 1♀, 13.vii.2001, leg. K. Larsen & B. Martinsen (KL); NEZ Høje Taastrup, 1♂, 11.vii.1981, J. P. Baungaard, gen. slide Gregersen 3292 (KG); NEZ, København Ø, 1♂, 24-25.vi.1992, 2♂, 26-28.vi.1992, 1♂, 10-13.vii.1995, 1♂, 24-25.vii.1996, gen. slide Hendriksen 6266, 1♀, 14-15.viii.1996, gen. slide Hendriksen 6269, 1♂, 22-23.vii.1997, gen. slide Hendriksen 6267, 1♂, 2-4. vii.1999, gen. slide Karsholt 5240, 1♂, 20-23.vii.2001, 1♀, 28-29.vii.2004, 1♀, 3-10.vii.2009, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); NEZ, Kulhuse, 1♂, 1♀, 6.vii.2006, gen. slide Hendriksen 6302, 6303, 1♂, 1♀, 9.vii.2006, leg. H. Hendriksen (ZMUC). NWZ, Føllenslev, 1♂, 29.vii.2006, 1♂, 4.vii.2008, leg. E. Palm, gen. slide Gregersen 1964 (EP); NWZ, Slagelse, 1♂, 9.vii.2002 gen. slide Gregersen 1586, 1♀, 27.vii.2007, gen. slide Gregersen 3360, 1♀, 1.viii.2010, leg. K. Pedersen, gen. slide Gregersen 3090 (KG); NWZ, Røsnæs, 1♀, 12.vii.2005, leg. U. Seneca, gen. slide Gregersen 3368 (KG). SZ, Højstrup, 1♂, 9.vi.1959, leg. H. K. Jensen [1th Danish specimen]; SZ, Jungshoved, 1♂, 5.vii.1959, gen. slide Wolff 2359, 3♂, 12.vii.1964, gen. slide Wolff 3124, 1♂, 1♀, 15.vii.1964, 1♂, 18.vii.1964, 1♂, 25.vii.1964, 1♀, 28.vii.1967, 1♂, 21.vii.1969, 2♂, 24.vii.1970, 1♀, 16.vii.1972, gen. slide Gregersen 1630, 1♂, 21.vii.1972, 1♂, 29.vii.1972, 2♂, 20.vii.1975, 3♂, 10.vii.1976, 1♂, 15-18.vii.1976, 2♂, 18.vii.1976, 6♂, vii.1976, leg. N. L. Wolff; same locality but 2♂, 1.-7.vii.1981; 7♂, 1♀, 8-14.vii.1981, gen. slide Karsholt 4178; 1♂, 14.vii.-13.viii.1991, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); SZ, Glænø, 1♂, 18.vii.1983, leg. H. K. Jensen (ZMUC); SZ, Præstø, 2♂, 11-14.vii.1991, 1♂, 1♀, 27.vi.-1.vii.1992; 1♀, 8-11.vii.1992, gen. slide Hendriksen 6301; 1♀, 15-27.vii.1993, leg. O. Karsholt (ZMUC); SZ, Vemmetofte, 2♂, 18.vii.2005, leg. K. Gregersen (KG); SZ, Sorø By, 1♂, 13.vii.2006, gen. slide Gregersen 1587, 1♂, 26.vi.2011, leg. K. Gregersen (KG); SZ, Sorø Sønderskov, 1♂, 30.vi.2009, leg. K. Gregersen (KG). France. Provence, Domain de Maura Vieille, 1♂, 5.x.2002, leg. H. Hendriksen, gen. slide Gregersen 3427 (ZMUC); Provence, Castellane, 2♂, 18.vi.2012, leg. E. Palm, gen. slide Gregersen 3344, 3350 (EP). Germany. Baden-Württemberg, Marback am Neckar, 1♀, 3.vii.1973, leg. L. Süssner (TLMF); Hessen, Zwergen, 1♀, 10.vi.2000, leg. H. Retzlaff (ECKU); Niedersachsen, Witzendorf, 1♂, 27.vii.2008. leg. C. Kayser, gen. slide Gregersen 1924 (KG); Northrein-Westphalen, Weserbergland, Biesterberg, Lemgo, 1♂, 1♀, 27.vi.2003, leg. H. Retzlaff (ECKU); Rheinland-Pfalz, Vulkaneifel, Gillenfeld, NSG Strohner Märchen, 1♀, 18.vi.2005, leg. R. Seliger, gen. slide Gregersen 3086 (RS); Thüringen, Bad Blankenburg, 1♀, 18.vi.1976, leg. H. Steuer, gen. slide Gregersen 3349; same data but, Muschelkalk, 1♂, 25.vi.1989 (ECKU). Greece. Evros, Avandas Gorge, 100 m, 1♀, 29.vi.2004, leg. B. Skule; Florina, Limni Mikra Prespa, near Karies, 1025 m, 1♂, 24.vi.2004, leg. B. Skule; Lakonia, waterfall by Nomia-Lyra, 1♀, 1.vi.1979, leg. G. Christensen & L. Gozmány; Lakonia, 7 km SW Monemvasia, 150 m, 1♂, 1♀, 17.vi.1980, 3♀♀ 2.vii.1982; 1♂, 24.vi.1980 26.vi.1981, leg. G. Christensen; Sérres, Kalókastro, 1♀, 25.vi.1997, leg. Z. Laštůvka (all ZMUC). Hungary. Leanyfalu, 1♀, 5-10.vii.1997, leg. B. S. Larsen (ZMUC). Italy. Piemonte (CN), Parco Naturale Regionale Alpi Maritime, Valdieri, 900 m, 1♀, 17.vii.1999, leg. G. Baldizzone (ZMUC). Nederlands. Twello, 1♀, 16.vi.2002, leg. J. Wolschrijn (ZMUC). Norway. Ø, Sarpsborg, Tune, Råkil, 1♂, 15.vii.2011, leg. T. J. Olsen (NHMO). Romania. Mehedinţi, Dubova, 2♀, 10.vi.1993, leg. L. Rakosy (ZMUC); Caraö-Ceverin, 5 km NW Sasca Montanâ, 250 m, 1♂, 1♀, 14.vii.2005, leg. C. Hviid, B. Skule & E. Vesterhede (ZMUC). Slovakia. Zvolen, 1♂, la. v.1979, Acer campestre , gen. slide Karsholt 5242, Domaniky, 2♀, la. vi.1979, Acer campestre , leg. J. Patočka (ZMUC); Slovenský Kras, Zadiel, 1♀, 24.vii.1992, leg. K. Larsen (ZMUC); Sliepkovce, 1♂, 8.vi.1963, leg. K. Krušek (ECKU). Turkey. Edirne, Keşan, 1♀, 5.vii.1987, leg. E. Baraniak (ZMUC).

Material not included in the type series (see also below under Remarks). Cyprus (Southern part). N of Limasol, Moniatis, 650 m, 1♀, 23-29.vi.1997, leg. M. Fibiger, A. Madsen, D. Nilsson & P. Svendsen; Trodos Mts., Platres, 1200 m, 7♂, 4♀, 11-16.v.1999, leg. C. Hviid & B. Skule, gen. slide Gregersen 1623, 1624, 3417; same data but 2 km S. Platres, 1100 m, 6♂, 1♀, 16.v.1999 (all ZMUC). Estonia. Järvselja, 1♂, 6.vii.2012, leg. E. & U. Jürivete (UJ). Greece, Crete. Omalos, 1200 m, 1♀, 25-30.vi.2000, leg. M. Fibiger, A. Madsen, D. Nilsson & P. Svendsen, gen. slide Gregersen 3420; Crete W, Kallergi Mts., 1450-1550 m, 1♀, 28-30.vii.2001, leg. M. Fibiger, A. Madsen, D. Nilsson & P. Svendsen; Chania, N of Omalos plaeau, at pass, 1150 m, 1♂, 7.vi.2004, leg. C. Hviid, B. Skule & E. Vesterhede; Omalos Plateau, 1040 m, 3♂, 15♀, 15-20.vi.2014, leg. C. Hviid, O. Karsholt, F. Vilhelmsen, gen. slides Gregersen 2♂ 3436, 3438; 2♀ 3437, 3439 (ZMUC); Omalos Plateau, road to Kaligeri, 1225 m, 4♂, 9♀, 15-20.vi.2014, leg. C. Hviid, O. Karsholt, F. Vilhelmsen (all ZMUC). Latvia. Daugaupils distr., Silene, 1♀, 15-19.viii.2002, leg. N. Savenkov, gen. slide Gregersen 3141; same data but, Silene, Ilgas, 3♂, 1♀, 11-15.vi.2007, gen. slide Gregersen 3085, 3347, 3395 3348; same data but Silene, Ilgas, 1♀, 24.vi.2013, gen. slide Gregersen 3396 (all ECKU). Spain. Alicante, Parcent, 450 m, 1♀, 14.v.2013, leg. H. Rietz (ECKU); Málaga, 14 km W Algeciras, 200 m, 1♂, 23-24.ix.1973, leg. M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide Gregersen 3422 (ZMUC); Málaga, Sierra de Marbella, El Mirandor, 1♂, 19.viii.1977, 1♂, 28.x.1983, leg. E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide Gregersen 3423, 3424 (ZMUC); Málaga, Camino d. Rhonda, 1♂, 23 v.1986, leg. E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide Gregersen 3421 (ZMUC).

Diagnosis.

Anarsia innoxiella is characterized by its whitish grey and blackish grey forewings, which bear black longitudinal streaks, with the streak in the middle of the wing being especially prominent. It is similar to A. lineatella , but that species can be distinguished by the broadly longitudinal black spot followed by white in the middle of the wing ( A. innoxiella has a straighter black streak here). A. innoxiella shows some variation from light, variegated specimens to darker moths approaching A. lineatella in appearance. Several other Anarsia species have wing markings similar to the two species dealt with in this paper, e.g., A. acaciae Walsingham, 1897 ( Amsel 1967: 23), but they differ in genitalia characters. Males of A. acaciae have a pencil of long, black hairs on the base of the hindwing costa.

The genitalia of A. innoxiella are similar to those of A. lineatella . The male of A. innoxiella can be separated from the latter by 1) the sub-triangular sub-apical lobe of the left valva being less protruding in A. lineatella ; 2) the conic, triangular uncus being slightly more slender in A. lineatella ; and 3) the moderately broad tegumen with weakly sinuous lateral margins.

In the female genitalia the ridges from the middle of a sclerotised arch of tergum VIII are distinct in A. lineatella , but absent or very weak in A. innoxiella .

Description.

Adult (Fig. 5 a–d). Male. Wingspan 13-15 mm. Segment 2 of labial palpus with sub-rectangular scale tuft, black, mottled with whitish grey on upper and inner surface; segment 3 reduced. Antenna light grey, ringed with black. Head light grey mottled with dark grey; frons cream-white; thorax grey, laterally darker; tegula dark grey. Ground colour of forewing whitish grey; dorsally basal part overlaid with blackish grey; costa with small blackish grey spot at 1/6, and two larger spots at 1/4 and 1/3; one distinct longitudinal black spot in middle of wing; veins with black scales interrupted by white; fringe grey, speckled with light grey and with darker fringe lines. Hindwing grey with grey fringe. Female. Segment 2 of labial palpus with distinct ventral brush; segment 3 longer than 2, narrow, whitish grey with two black rings. Otherwise similar to male.

Variation. There is some variation in the amount of blackish grey scales in the forewing. The above description is based on specimens from northern Europe (mainly Denmark and north Germany). Specimens from north-eastern Europe are larger (15-16 mm) and have the forewings more uniformly covered with dark grey scales (thereby restricting the white scales) whereas the black stripes are prominent, giving the wing a striped appearance. Such (more or less) dark grey, black-striped specimens also occur as an individual form from other East European countries. Specimens from mountain localities in Crete and Cyprus are externally similar to northern European specimens.

Male genitalia (Figs 6, 10a, b). Tergum IX-X truncate, medium in breadth, lateral margins moderately sinuous; uncus regularly triangular, apex tapered with tiny, pointed, distal tip; gnathos and culcitula absent; parategminal sclerites almost round and lacking coremata; sternum IX strongly asymmetrical, left valva truncate, sub-apical lobe protruding, usually somewhat up-turned, bearing long slender, pointed tubular process; right valva large, broadly sub-triangular, bearing very long, pointed, moderately curved, tubular process; single small, sub-triangular, slightly setose lobe near vinculum on left side (valvella sensu Ponomarenko 2009), juxta lobes small, setose; phallus ankylosed to juxta, tubular without coecum, trunk flat, bent dorsally, apex rounded.

Female genitalia (Figs 7a, 8, 9a, b). Papillae anales elongate, apophyses posteriores moderate in length; apophyses anteriores very short; segment VIII cylindrical, evenly sclerotised, with a pair of slight, distal elevations; strongly sclerotised concave arch at anterior margin of tergum with medial notch; distal ridges from middle of tergal arch absent or faintly indicated; antrum tilted, funnel-shaped; ostium bursae with ventral part crescent-shaped, sharply defined, dorsal part wrinkled, widely extending caudad; ductus bursae slender, straight; colliculum absent; ductus seminalis arising from transition between ductus and corpus bursae; signum plate sub-rectangular, with strongly serrate margins. Sac-like formation in segment IX anteriad of papillae anales and similar formation distad of segment VII.

Bionomics.

The larva is dark reddish-brown with small pinacula, bearing white hairs; head and prothoracic plate small, glistening black; anal plate black (description based on photograph of larva of " A. lineatella " at Lepiforum 2016). It is similar to that of A. lineatella . It feeds between fresh leaves of Acer campestre L. (Lepiforum op cit. - as " A. lineatella "). Lepiforum also refers to “Ahorn” (= Acer L.) as host plant for this species, and it is well possible that the larva of A. innoxiella feeds on more than one Acer -species. The species has also been reared from larvae found on Acer campestre in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia (see list of examined material). In Crete A. innoxiella was caught in numbers in light traps placed among Acer sempervirens L. A. innoxiella occurs in a wide range of biotopes, such as deciduous woods, hedgerows, and gardens. Univoltine. Adult from mid-June to mid-August. Larva from April to June. The species is mostly collected at light.

Distribution.

A. innoxiella is widespread in Europe and locally common, but in view of its previous confusion with A. lineatella our knowledge of its distribution is still incomplete. It is found in Scandinavia, where it was recently (2015) recorded in Norway (L. Aarvik in litt.), and is known from Denmark, southern and middle Sweden ( Gustavsson 2017), and southern Finland (M. Mutanen in litt.); it is also recorded from the three Baltic countries. In addition to the countries from where we have examined specimens we can also confirm the presence of A. innoxiella in Austria (Lepiforum 2016), Great Britain ( Lewis 2016), and Poland (T. Rynarzewski in litt.).

Etymology.

The species name " innoxiella " is a composite word formed from the Latin adjective innoxia = harmless, innocuous (in contrast to A. lineatella ), and the diminutive suffix -ella. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.

Remarks.

Specimens of A. innoxiella from north-eastern Europe differ in external characters from other specimens treated here (as described above under ‘Variation’), but they have similar genitalia. It is unclear if the north-eastern form differs due to geographical isolation (thus representing a subspecies), if it is a result of the climate (i.e., short summers and/or cold winters), or if it is due to difference in the foodplant (the north-eastern population probably feeds on Acer platanoides L., the only native Acer in that area). Due to these uncertainties we have excluded such specimens from the type material - and for the same reasons we refrain from using them to describe a subspecies. Specimens with intermediate colour and wing markings occur among typical specimens further south in eastern Europe.

The few specimens examined from southern Spain are generally smaller and paler than typical A. innoxiella and are likewise excluded from the type series. Also, specimens from mountain localities in Crete and Cyprus are - in spite being externally very similar to North European specimens - excluded from the type series due to slight differences in the genitalia.