Tynanthus pubescens Gentry (1978: 275)

Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco De & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2015, Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), Phytotaxa 216 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

12. Tynanthus pubescens Gentry (1978: 275) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Type :— GUYANA. “Upper Mazaruni River Basin, Kamarang River, Singh line from Akapai to Eboropu escarpment”, 13 October 1960, S.S. Tillett & C.L. Tillett 45643 (holotype MO! (2242100); isotypes K! (barcode 449550), NY! (barcode 328985), US! (barcode 125788), VEN! (barcode 194023) photo).

Fig. 17 : G–K

Lianas. Branchlets tetragonal to terete, without ritidome, finely striated, densely lenticeled, densely pubescent to puberulent, with simple and peltate trichomes; interpetiolar ridge absent or present; interpetiolar patelliform glands present; prophylls of the axillary buds 1.4–2.3 mm long, 1.1–2.3 mm wide, minute, shallowly triangular to triangular, densely puberulent throughout, with simple and peltate trichomes. Leaves 2–3 foliolated (more commonly 3); terminal leaflets often modified into trifid tendrils, without adhesive-disks on tip; petioles and petiolules densely pubescent to puberulent throughout surface, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; petioles 1.5–7.5 cm long; petiolules 0.4–4 cm long; leaflets 5.9–15.4 cm long, 3.1–11.3 cm wide, chartaceous to coriaceous, discolor, obovate to elliptic; apex acuminate or obtuse, mucronate; base cuneate or obtuse, symmetrical; margin entire; the abaxial surface densely pubescent to puberulent (sometimes glabrescent) throughout, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; the adaxial surface pubescent to glabrescent, throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the abaxial surface; second venation weak brochidodromous or brochidodromous; pocket domatia with or without trichomes. Inflorescence axilar or terminal, a thyrse or a compound thyrse, lax, with conical aspect, first order (1.8–) 3.6–6.3 cm long, second order 1.5–3.5 cm long; axis densely pubescent or densely puberulent, with simple and peltate trichomes; bracts of the inflorescence predominantly caducous, densely pubescent to pubescent throughout, 0.6–1.5 mm long; floral bracts 0.3–1 mm long; floral pedicels 1–10 mm long. Calyx green to yellowish, 3–4.5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm wide, with transversal aperture, minutely 5-denticulate (sometimes truncate), densely pubescent to puberulent throughout outside, without patelliform glands; lobes 0.1–0.4 mm long. Corolla white, cream or pale yellow (sometimes pale lilac), 1–1.6 cm long, 4–6 mm wide at the tube opening; tube 5–8 mm long, internally tomentose at the base, with simple and long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides present, yellow; lobes densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.6–1.4 mm long, 1.2–2.4 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 3–5.1 mm long, 3–6 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with fertile stamens inserted 2–3 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 6–9 mm long; longer ones 7–10 mm long; anthers thecae 0.9–1.2 mm long, obovate to elliptic, subexserted; connective extending 0.1–0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode 2–2.6 mm long, glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes. Gynoecium 11–12 mm long; ovary 1.5–1.7 mm long, 0.9–1.2 mm wide, conical, densely pubescent; style 8–11 mm long, tomentose to pubescent at the base. Fruit a linear flattened capsule, 20–55 cm long, (1.2–) 2.3–4.2 cm wide, woody, granular throughout (sometimes smooth near the midvein), without lenticels to densely lenticeled, densely pubescent to pubescent, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; central ridge double, prominent to very prominent; margins prominently raised (winged), 0.5–1.4 cm wide. Seeds body 1.2–2.8 cm long, 0.9–1.3 cm wide; wings 1–1.8 cm long.

Phenology: —Flowers from August to December and produces fruits from February to July.

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in moist broadleaf forests from Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia), French Guiana, Peru (San Martín), Suriname (Brokopondo and Nickerie) and Venezuela (Amazonas) ( Fig. 19).

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Acre: Sena Madureira, Anjo, 5 September 1997, I . Miranda et al. 1657 ( INPA) . Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, Rebio Uatumã, grade do PPBio, 9 June 2007, J. G . Carvalho-Sobrinho & J. R . Mesquita 1563 ( INPA) . Pará: Região do Rio Jari , Estrada entre Monte Dourado e Munguba, km 4, 15–16 May 1969, N. T . Silva 1966 ( IAN, MO, NY); Ibid., Estrada do Munguba , km 7, 21 May 1969, N. T . Silva 2023 ( MO, NY); Ibid., Estrada entre Planalto A e Tinguelim, Km 16, 11 July 1969, N. T . Silva 2398 ( MO, NY). Entre Acará e Moju , 2 September 1975, R. R . Santos 398 ( IAN). Belém, Mocambo, Embrapa Forest Reserve , ca. 10 km from Belém, Transect 6, near sea level, 14 November 1984, A. H . Gentry 49049 ( IAN, MO). Itaituba, Rio Tapajós , S . Luiz, 4 December 1919, A . Ducke s.n. ( R 22493 , RB barcode 58493). Monte Dourado, Rio Jari , atrás do aviário, 12 June 1968, E . Oliveira 4491 ( IAN, NY). Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, margem esquerda ao lado do lago Muçura a 30 km de Porto Trombetas, 23 July 1980, C. A . Cid et al. 1748 ( INPA, MG, NY). Santarém, Estrada para o Rio Curuá Una , acampamento do Guaraná , 30 November 1966, P . Cavalcante & M . Silva 1474 ( MG photo, MO,

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 43 NY ); Rio Curuá Una, acima da Cachoeira do Palhão , 8 December 1966, P . Cavalcante & M . Silva 1636 ( IAN). Rondônia: Eixo JP 14 , 20 May 1987, S . Romaniuc Neto et al. 686 ( SP). Porto Velho, Instituto Agronômico do Norte , 1952, E . Cordeiro & J. F . da Silva 162 ( MO, RB). FRENCH GUIANA: Station des Nouragues, Bassin de l'Arataye , 7 July 1989, D. Sabatier & M. F . Prévost 2616 ( P). Saül and vicinity, Route de Bélizon , N of Eaux Claires, 200–400 m, 10 August 1993, S . Mori et al. 23213 ( NY); Ibid. , less than 500 meters S of Eaux Claires, 230–300 m, 19 September 1994, S . Mori et al. 23971 ( NY, P, US). PERU. San Martín: Mariscal Cáceres, Tocache Nuevo, Trail up Río Huallaga Valley toward Limón , 500 m, 11 March 1979, A. H . Gentry et al. 25566 ( F photo, MO); 11 March 1979, A. H . Gentry et al. 25579 ( F, MO, NY). SURINAME. Brokopondo: NW Brokopondo Stuwmeer Lake ( E of Brownsberg Nature Reserve), Tonka Island , trail west from main compound, 15 m, 11 February 1998, M. J . Plotkin et al. 1293 ( MO); Ibid. , 15 m, 4 February 1999, B . Hoffman et al. 5282 ( MO). Nickerie: Area of Kabalebo Dam project, ca. 4 km S of road camp, ca. 23 km SW of Avanavero dam site, 18 November 1976, N. M . Heyde & J. C . Lindeman 164 ( MO). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Forest edge along Puerto Ayacucho–Samariapo highway 16–25 km S of Puerto Ayacucho, 100 m, 28 June 1975, A. H . Gentry & P . Berry 14503 ( MO). Parcela de estudio del mamure al E del Raudal Gavilán , 100 m, 1 February 1991, G. A . Romero et al. 2289 ( MO). Transecta entre Raudal Gavilancito, Río Gavilán , y la parcela de mamure, incluyendo zona al N del caño que bodea la parcela, 80–100 m, 9 February 1992, G. A . Romero et al. 2331 ( MO) .

Taxonomic notes: — Tynanthus pubescens is morphologically similar to T. densiflorus (see taxonomic notes under T. densiflorus ), and also shares obovate to elliptic leaflets with T. cognatus (see taxonomic notes under T. cognatus ). Tynanthus pubescens is sister to another Amazonian species, T. panurensis ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015) , with which it also shares other morphological features (see taxonomic notes under T. panurensis ). Despite those morphological similarities, T. pubescens can be easily recognized by the densely pubescent to puberulent branchlets, petioles and petiolules, interpetiolar patelliform glands, and fruits with double central ridge.

Figures

FIGURE 17. A–F. Tynanthus polyanthus: A. Flowering branch; B. Interpetiolar region showing the foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds; C. Detail of inflorescence axis showing bracts; D. Detail of petiolule showing the upper canalicule; E. Flower (M.C. Medeiros 40, SPF); F. Fruit showing the flattened cross section (P. Núñez 11199, MO). G–K. T. pubescens: G. Flowering branch; H. Detail of pubescent indumentum in branchlet (S. Mori 23971, NY); I–J. Interpetiolar glands; K. Fruit (A.H. Gentry 25579, F). Illustration by Klei Sousa.