Tynanthus sastrei Gentry (1980: 214)

Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco De & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2015, Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), Phytotaxa 216 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

13. Tynanthus sastrei Gentry (1980: 214) . Type :— FRENCH GUIANA. Sinnamary: “Route de Ste. Elie, 3 km avant la parcelle, ARBOCEL”, 23 September 1977, C. Sastre 6015 (holotype MO! (2630185); isotypes CAY! photo, P! (barcodes 481495, 481496)).

Fig. 20 : A–D

44 • Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

MEDEIROS & LOHMANN TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 45 Lianas. Branchlets subtetragonal to terete, without ritidome, finely striated or not, lenticeled to densely lenticeled, pubescent to puberulent (especially at the nodes), with simple and peltate trichomes; interpetiolar ridge absent or present; interpetiolar patelliform glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 3.5–6.5 mm long, 1.3–2 mm wide, foliaceous, elliptic to obovate, puberulent throughout, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes. Leaves 2–3 foliolated (more commonly 3); terminal leaflets often modified into trifid tendrils, without adhesive-disks on tip; petioles and petiolules pubescent to puberulent throughout surface, with simple and peltate trichomes; petioles 2.3–6.6 cm long; petiolules 1.2–3.8 cm long; leaflets (4.8–) 6–16.5 cm long, (2.1–) 3.6–9.5 cm wide, chartaceous to coriaceous, concolor, elliptic; apex acuminate, mucronate; base cuneate or obtuse, symmetrical; margin entire; the abaxial surface pubescent to puberulent on and near the veins (sometimes throughout), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; the adaxial surface pubescent to glabrescent throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the adaxial surface; second venation weak brochidodromous; pocket domatia with or without trichomes. Inflorescence axilar or terminal, a thyrse or a compound thyrse, lax, with conical aspect, first order (4.5–) 10–22.5 cm long, second order 6–7 cm long; axis densely pubescent to puberulent, with simple and peltate trichomes; bracts of the inflorescence predominantly caducous, densely pubescent to puberulent throughout, (0.3–) 0.5–3.2 mm long; floral bracts 0.3–0.6 mm long; floral pedicels 2.5–6 mm long. Calyx green, 1.2–2 mm long, 1.8–2.5 mm wide, with transversal (sometimes oblique) aperture, truncate or minutely 5-denticulate, densely pubescent to puberulent throughout outside, without patelliform glands; lobes 0.1–0.4 mm long. Corolla white, cream or pale yellow, 0.6–0.8 cm long, 2.5–4 mm wide at the tube opening; tube 3–4 mm long, internally glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides absent, but with a path of long and short stipitate trichomes; lobes densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.5–1.1 mm long, 0.8–1.9 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 1.5–3.3 mm long, 1.9–3.7 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with fertile stamens inserted 1–1.3 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 3–4 mm long; longer ones 3.5–4.5 mm long; anthers thecae 0.5–0.6 mm long, obovate to elliptic, subexserted; connective extending 0.1–0.2 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode 1.7–2.3 mm long, glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes. Gynoecium 5–5.5 mm long; ovary 1–1.2 mm long, 0.8–0.9 mm wide, conical, velutinous; style 4–4.3 mm long, tomentose at the base. Fruit not seen. Seeds not seen.

Phenology: —Flowers from February to October; the fruiting season is unknown.

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in moist broadleaf forests from French Guiana and Suriname (Brokopondo) ( Fig. 21).

46 • Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

MEDEIROS & LOHMANN

Additional specimens examined: — FRENCH GUIANA. Sinnamary, route de St. Elie, 3 km avant la parcelle ARBOCEL, 12 September 1978, C . Sastre 6103 ( MO, NY, P). Bord de la piste de Ste. Elie, km 10.2, 18 April 1979, M. F . Prévost 529 ( MO, P). Région de Paul Isnard , SW de Citron vers le Mont Décou Décou, 8 September 1983, G . Cremers 8164 ( BR, MO, P). Piste de Saut Léodate, Région de Cayenne , 31 March 1986, C . Feuillet 3683 ( MO, P, US). Cayenne region, Along road in Forest Macouria , ca. 20 km in from highway D 5 ( Tonate – Montsinery), 1–30 m, 25 October 1986, L . Skog et al. 7043 ( MO, NY, US). Piste Forestiére de Saut Léodate, Région de Cayenne , 40 m, 19 October 1991, G . Cremers & C . Feuillet 12399 ( K, MO, NY, P, US). Crique Valentin , 50 m, 29 October 1991, G . Cremers et al. 12506 ( NY, P, US). Saül and vicinity: Sentier Botanique , 200–400 m, 8 August 1993, S . Mori et al. 23171 ( NY). Piste de Saint-Elie, Interfluve Sinnamary / Counamama, Piste du km 22, 6 June 1995, M. F . Prévost 3154 ( MO). SURINAME. Brokopondo: Road to Brownsberg Nature Reserve, 5 km from Brownsberg village at old railroad grade, 50 m, 5 February 1999, B . Hoffman et al. 5302 ( MO) .

Taxonomic notes: — Tynanthus sastrei shares a series of morphological features with T. schumannianus , namely the elliptic, chartaceous to coriaceous and acuminate-mucronate leaflets, similar leaflet dimensions (6–16.5 × 3.6–9.5 cm in T. sastrei and 4.4–14.2 × 2.2–9.1 cm in T. schumannianus ), lax inflorescences, and a similar corolla length (0.6–0.8 cm in T. sastrei and 0.4–0.9 cm in T. schumannianus ). Nevertheless, T. sastrei can be easily separated by the foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds (versus bromeliad-like prophylls in T. schumannianus ), absence of patelliform glands in the branchlets, petioles, petiolules and inflorescences axes (versus presence in T. schumannianus ), and internally glabrescent corolla tube base (versus tomentose to pubescent or glabrescent in T. schumannianus ). Tynanthus sastrei was recovered as sister to T. pubescens in the recent phylogeny of Tynanthus ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015) ; however, this species was sampled for only one molecular marker and further phylogenetic studies are still needed in order to confidently establish the phylogenetic position of T. sastrei .

Figures

FIGURE 20. A–D. Tynanthus sastrei: A. Flowering branch; B. Interpetiolar region showing the foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds; C. Flower; D. Calyx with denticulate apex (L. Skog 7043, NY). E–J. T. schumannianus: E. Flowering branch; F. Interpetiolar region showing the bromeliad-like prophylls; G. Detail of inflorescence axis indumentum, showing patelliform trichomes; H. Open corolla showing the androecium; I. Open calyx showing the gynoecium (M. Nee 38171, NY); J. Fruit (M. Lewis 37532, MO). Illustration by Klei Sousa.