Anastrepha sp. Sur-16

Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies & Branham, Marc A., 2022, Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae), ZooKeys 1127, pp. 155-215 : 155

Anastrepha sp. Sur-16

Figs 109-112 , 113-118 , 119-122

Material examined.

Suriname • 8 larvae; Brokopondo, Bergendal Amazonia Wellness Resort ; 5.1506°N, 55.0690°W; 16 m a.s.l.; 10 May 2018; A. Muller leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea guianensis Aubl. ( Malvaceae ); FSCA (AP20191024.03-AP20191024.07, AP20201117.01-AP20201117.03) .

Diagnosis.

The larvae of Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 differs from other species of Anastrepha in having deeply dentate posterior margin of the oral ridges and group of small cuticular processes located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. The posterior margins of the oral ridges resemble those of A. haplacantha , but that species lacks the comb-like processes. It can be further distinguished from A. haplacantha , in having fewer oral ridges, fewer tubules on the prothoracic spiracle, and greater basal width of the posterior spiracle.

Description.

Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.10-8.60 mm and width 1.52-1.62 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.

Pseudocephalon (Figs 109 - 113 ). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost an obtuse angle. Preoral organ bearing 1-3 peg sensilla, located apically on a large, elongated-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, short-elongate, narrow, extending partially posterior to lobe bearing preoral organ. A group of small cuticular processes arranged in at least two rows arising distally from the medial preoral lobe, located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. Oral ridges in 13-16 rows, 10-13 anterior ridges with deeply dentate margins, projections closely spaced, two or three posterior ridges with entire margins; numerous accessory plates present covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins, medial and posterior plates in two or more series; 7-9 comb-like processes adjacent to labium. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla.

Cephaloskeleton (Figs 114-116 ). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.13-1.18 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.22-0.23 mm; length b 0.16-0.17 mm; height c 0.16-0.17 mm; ratio a:b 1.30-1.41; ratio a:c 1.34-1.40. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with eroded surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.20-0.21 mm long, 0.13-0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25-0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.50-0.54 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30-0.35 mm and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.61-0.66. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.73-0.73 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.40-1.49 × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.

Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with five rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with three rows; T3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with ten rows; T2 with three or four rows; T3 with one or two rows. Abdominal segments all lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with three rows, A2 with six or seven rows; A3 with 6-10 rows, A4 with eight or nine rows; A5 to A7 with seven or eight rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, one or two rows laterally, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.

Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 117 , 118 ). Bilobed, bearing 12-17 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.23-0.28 mm; basal width 0.09-0.11 mm at junction with trachea.

Caudal segment (Figs 119 , 120 ). Dorsal (D1) tubercles moderately developed, D2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla moderately developed; I1 distinctly ventral to I2. L1, V1 and V2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.

Posterior spiracle (Figs 119 , 121 , 122 ). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69-80 µm long; 24-27 µm wide; ratio length/width 2.9-3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 129-168 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 13-18 trunks and 19-34 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.5-1.8; basal width 29-36 µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.39-0.44. SP-II comprising 5-8 trunks and 7-18 tips. SP-III comprising 8-13 trunks and 14-24 tips. SP-IV comprising 13-17 trunks and 25-40 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.92-2.35; basal width 23-34 µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.33-0.45.

Distribution.

Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 is known only from Suriname (Brokopondo).

Biology.

We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea guianensis , the first host plant record. Larvae feed on the pulp.

Molecular identification.

COI barcodes were generated from five larvae and two adults and submitted to GenBank (MT644074-MT644078, MT672219-MT672220). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 larvae and the adult sequences ranged from 0.02-1.2%. BLAST searches yielded no close matches to sequences of other Anastrepha species. The five larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 with either three or two votes ( Moore et al. in press).

Figures

Figures 109 - 112. Scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 109 pseudocephalon 110 oral ridges 111 comb-like processes 112 antenna and maxillary palp. Abbreviations: CLP, comb-like processes; URS, upper right section with an obtuse angle shape. Scale bars: 20 μm (112); 50 μm (109, 110).

Figures 113 - 118. Optical photomicrographs and scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 113 preoral organ 114 ventral surface of mouthhook 115 cephaloskeleton, lateral view 116 cephaloskeleton, dorsal view 117 prothoracic spiracle, lateral view 118 prothoracic spiracle, dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: CP, cuticular processes; ES, epipharyngeal sclerite; LS, labial sclerite. Scale bars: 10 μm (113, 114); 50 μm (117, 118); 200 μm (115, 116).

Figures 119 - 122. Scanning electron photomicrographs and optical photomicrograph of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 119 caudal segment 120 anal lobe 121, 122 posterior spiracle. Scale bars: 50 μm (121, 122); 200 μm (119, 120).