Felisacus signis Hsiao

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Revision And Phylogeny Of The Fern-Inhabiting Genus Felisacus Distant (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) Anna A. Namyatova And Gerasimos Cassis, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (403), pp. 1-169 : 145-148

Felisacus signis Hsiao , status nov.

Figures 6 , 9K , 13P, Q , 20

Felisacus carpenterae signis Hsiao, 1944: 386 .

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the following combination of characters: head and pronotum yellow to pale brown; posterior part of pronotum with dark brown to black markings at humeral angles; antennal segment I yellow with reddish tinge; cuneus red; marking along inner margin of corium brown, not extending toward R+M anteriorly; cylindrical antennal segment I (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 8A), vertex upraised (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6D); length of body in male 3.3, length in female 3.35; right paramere with medial part shorter than apical part and distinctly wider than basal part (fig. 13P); vesica with five spicules, including spicule B (fig. 9K).

DESCRIPTION: Male. Total length 3.3. COL- ORATION (fig. 6): Head: Mostly yellow to pale brown, with reddish tinge, ventral side yellow to pale brown. Eye dark brown to black. Labium: Yellow. Antenna: Segment I yellow with reddish tinge, segment II reddish brown; segment III brown. Thorax: Pronotum and scutellum yellow to pale brown; humeral angle with pale brown to brown marking, anterior margin sometimes pale brown; thoracic pleura yellow; scent gland evaporative area whitish yellow. Hemelytron: Mostly translucent, colorless; inner part of clavus with yellow tinge and reddish yellow margins; corium with brown marking along apical part of clavus, area along inner margin of corium pale brown to brown; embolium with pale brown or red margins; cuneus red. Legs: Whitish yellow to yellow, sometimes femora and tibiae with reddish tinge. Abdomen: Yellow to pale brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum, antennal segment I and II and femora with setae shorter than antennal segment II diameter; abdomen clothed with short setae. STRUCTURE AND MEASURE- MENTS: Body ca. 4.3× as long as pronotum width. Head: Depression delimiting occipital region present dorsally and laterally (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 4E); distance between depression and pronotum distinctly shorter than eye diameter; longitudinal sulcus on dorsal surface subequal to eye diameter; distance from eye to pronotum subequal to or slightly longer than eye diameter, not swollen laterally (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 4E); vertex ca. 1.4× as wide as eye, upraised (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6D). Labium (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: figs. 6D, 9C): Segments I and II strongly reduced, combined subequal to half of segment III; segment I shorter than wide; segment II almost as long as wide, elongate dorsally; segment III slightly shorter than ventral side of head; segment IV twice as long as segment III. Antenna: Segment I distinctly longer than head width, cylindrical (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 8A), ca. 1.6× as long as head width, ca. 1.2× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 2× as long as head width, ca. 1.4× as long as pronotum width. Thorax: Anterior part of pronotum distinctly shorter than posterior part; collar distinct; pos- terior part only slightly swollen; lateral margins not delimited with depression; posterior margin of pronotum straight; pronotum ca. 1.2× as wide as long and 1.4× as wide as head. Hemelytron: Area along inner margin of corium almost flat; inner margin of cuneus convex (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 13E), outer margin of cuneus ca. 2.5× as long as base. Abdomen: Genital capsule rotated left at right angle relative rest of abdomen. Genitalia: Right paramere (fig. 13P) apical part distinct; apex slightly concave; medial part distinctly wider than basal part, bearing setae, with outer margin straight slightly concave and inner margin swollen; outer angle distinct, slightly swollen; inner angle absent, without setae; basal part ca. 0.25× as long as rest of paramere. Left paramere (fig. 13Q) L-shaped; apical part not flattened, ca. 3× as long as wide, with toothlike outgrowth on posterior side medially and without outgrowth on dorsal surface; middle part widened, without swelling or outgrowth(s); setae only on middle part near outer margin. Aedeagus (general view as fig. 22I in Namyatova et al., 2016) conjunctiva weakly sclerotized; secondary gonopore placed at base of vesical in repose; sclerotization of ductus seminis around secondary gonopore shorter than wide; vesica with five spicules, including elongate spicule B, not swollen medially (fig. 9K).

Female. Total length 3.5. COLORATION (fig. 6): As in male. Abdomen: Yellow, sometimes with reddish markings. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE AND MEASURE-

MENTS: Body ca. 4.2× as long as pronotum width; vertex ca. 1.4× as wide as eye; antennal segment I ca. 1.6× as long as head width, ca. 1.1× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 2.0× as long as head width, ca. 1.3× as long as pronotum width; pronotum ca. 1.2× as wide as long and ca. 1.5× as wide as head.

DISTRIBUTION: Singapore (fig. 20).

HOST PLANTS: Unknown.

DISCUSSION: Felisacus signis was originally described as a subspecies of F. carpenterae ( Hsiao, 1944) . Examination of the type material from USNM showed that F. carpenterae is a junior synonym of F. javanus (see discussion for this species), and F. carpenterae signis differs in coloration and male genitalia. On this basis we decided to raise this taxon to species rank.

Felisacus signis differs from F. javanus in having darker coloration, the humeral angles are dark brown to black and the cuneus is or entirely red. Felisacus javanus also differs in the shape of the right paramere, with the medial part longer than the apical part and almost as wide as basal part (cf. fig. 12G with fig. 13P), and the presence of the vesical spicules A, B, and C (cf. fig. 8N with fig. 9K). Felisacus signis is similar to other dark species of this genus with a red cuneus, including F. bau , F. bellus , F. jacobsoni , F. malayensis , and F. senaru . However, all those species differ from F. signis in shape and/or number of vesical spicules (cf. fig. 9K with figs. 8D, E, M, 9A, I).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Paratypes: MALAY- SIA: Sabah: Sandakan, Borneo, 5.84561 ° N 118.05705 ° E, 66 m, no date provided, Baker, 13 (00338827), 1♀ (00338828) ( USNM).

Felisacus solomonicus , sp. nov.

Figures 7 , 9L , 13R, S , 15J, 20

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the following combination of characters: head yellow to pale brown; pronotum mostly yellow, antennal segment I red or brown; outer part of clavus yellow; cuneus yellow with reddish tinge, sometimes outer part almost colorless; cylindrical antennal segment I (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 8A), vertex upraised (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6D); labium slightly surpassing middle of mesosternum; cuneus ca. 3× as long as base; medial part of right paramere as wide as basal part, shorter than basal and apical parts combined, its outer and inner margins straight, apical part of right paramere distinctly concave (fig. 13R); vesica with six spicules, including spicule A (fig. 9L).

DESCRIPTION: Male. Total length 3.1–3.4. COLORATION (fig. 7): Head: Mostly yellow to pale brown; tubercle around antennal fossa whitish yellow; longitudinal sulcus and buccula sometimes pale brown, slightly darker than rest of head, and clypeus rarely reddish apically. Eyes brown with reddish tinge. Labium: Yellow, segment III reddish ventrally, segments I–III sometimes with reddish tinge. Antenna: Segment I reddish brown to brown with yellow base, segments II–IV brown. Thorax: Yellow with anterior margin pale brown and posterior angles reddish or brown; scutellum whitish yellow to yellow, mesoscutum and scutellum yellow to yellowish brown, punctures between mesoscutum and scutellum pale brown; thoracic pleura yellow, scent gland evaporative area yellow to pale brown often with whitish yellow apex. Hemelytron: Mostly translucent, colorless; inner part of clavus translucent or opaque, yellow to pale brown, margins sometimes somewhat darker; outer part of clavus sometimes yellow; area along inner margin of corium yellow or pale brown; embolium yellow apically and pale brown to brown margins; cuneus yellow with reddish tinge, sometimes outer part almost colorless, margin brown or reddish; membrane sometimes with grayish tinge, membrane call yellow to pale brown. Legs: Coxae whitish yellow, femora whitish yellow basally and yellow apically with red marking on apex; tibiae reddish; tarsi yellow to pale brown. Abdomen: Reddish, yellow apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Corium smooth, often with shallow and scarce punctures. Dorsum with suberect setae subequal to or shorter than antennal segment II diameter; antennal segment II and femora with suberect setae shorter than antennal segment II diameter; abdomen clothed with suberect mostly short simple setae. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Body ca. 4.3–4.8× as long as pronotum width. Head: Depression delimiting occipital region present dorsally and laterally (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 4E); distance between depression and pronotum distinctly shorter than eye diameter; longitudinal sulcus on dorsal surface longer than eye diameter; distance from eye to pronotum longer than eye diameter, not swollen laterally (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 4E); vertex ca. 1.6–1.8× as wide as eye, upraised (as in Namya- tova et al., 2016: fig. 6D). Labium (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: figs. 6D, 9C): Surpassing middle of mesosternum; segments I and II strongly reduced, combined subequal to half of segment III; segment I shorter than wide; segment II slightly longer than wide, its dorsal surface elongate posteriorly; segment III slightly longer than ventral side of head; segment IV ca. 1.5× as long as segment III. Antenna: Segment I cylindrical (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 8A), ca. 1.1– 1.4× as long as head width, ca. 0.9–1.1× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 1.8–1.9× as long as head width, ca. 1.4× as long as pronotum width; segment III slightly longer than segment II. Thorax: Anterior and posterior parts subequal in length; calli delimited; posterior part slightly upraised; posterior margin not delimited with depression; posterior margin concave, pronotum ca. 1.1–1.2× as wide as long and ca. 1.3–1.4× as wide as head; mesoscutum exposed. Hemelytron: Area along inner margin of corium almost flat; inner margin of cuneus convex (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 13E), outer margin ca. 3× as long as base. Abdomen: Genital capsule rotated 45° relative to rest of abdomen. Genitalia: Genital capsule (fig. 15J) ca. 1.5× as long as wide; ventral wall ca. 1.5× as long as dorsal wall, its posterior margin smooth, semioval, without outgrowth(s), not curved dorsally; its apex slightly shifted right; right side of genital capsule not curved, left side not widened; paramere sockets more or less rounded; distance between paramere sockets ca. 0.7× as long as genital capsule width at base. Right paramere (fig. 13R) distinctly curved in apical half; apex concave posteriorly; medial part wider than basal part, bearing setae, with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly concave, without swelling; outer angle distinct; inner angle indistinct, without setae; basal part of paramere ca. 0.15–0.2× as long as rest of paramere. Left paramere (fig. 13S) L-shaped; apical part not flattened, with tooth on posterior side medially (as in fig. 11G) and without outgrowth on dorsal surface; middle part widened, without swelling or outgrowth; setae only on middle part near outer margin. Aedeagus (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 22I) conjunctiva weakly sclerotized; secondary gonopore placed at base of vesical in repose; sclerotization of ductus seminis around secondary gonopore shorter than wide; vesica with six spicules, including elongate and narrow spicule A (fig. 9L).

Female. Total length 3.3–3.4. COLORATION (fig. 7): Similar to male, thorax yellow with anterior margin pale brown and posterior angles reddish, evaporatorium uniformly pale brown; abdomen uniformly reddish or pale brown apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Structure as in male; body ca. 4.2–4.4× as long as pronotum width; vertex ca. 1.7–1.9× as wide as eye; antennal segment I ca. 1.3–1.4× as long as head width, ca. 0.9–1.0× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 1.7–1.8× as long as head width, ca. 1.2–1.3× as long as pronotum width; pronotum ca. 1.1–1.2× as wide as long and ca. 1.4× as wide as head. Genitalia (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 23F, G): Dorsal labiate plate wider than distance between apodemes of second valvula; mostly smooth, without distinct striations, with semicircular sclerite and distinct sclerotized rings laterally; lateral oviducts placed almost medially, very close to each other, spermathecal gland placed between lateral oviducts; dorsal labiate plate with distinct tubercles, without membranous lobe medially.

REMARKS: Antennal segment IV lost in males.

DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is. (Gizo Is., Malaito Is., Georgia Is., Auki Is.) (fig. 20).

HOST PLANTS: Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY: The species is named after Solomon Islands, where it was collected.

DISCUSSION: Felisacus solomonicus is most similar to F.albus , F. amboinae , F. javanus , and F. linae externally (figs. 4, 5). All these species can be separated from each other by the apical part of the right paramere straight or slightly concave (figs. 11A, C, 12G, K) and the shape and/or number of the vesical spicules (figs. 8A, B, N, P).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype: SOLOMON

ISLANDS: Malaita: Auki, 8.767 ° S 160.7 ° E, 50 m, Dec 1975, N.L.H. Krauss, 13 (00043231)

( BPBM). Paratypes: SOLOMON ISLANDS: Malaita: Auki, 8.767 ° S 160.7 ° E, 100 m, Feb 1985, N.L.H. Krauss, 1♀ (00043233) ( BPBM). Tagatalau [Tangtalau], 8.73333 ° S 160.73333 ° E, 200 m, 25 Sep 1957, J.L. Gressitt, 13 (00043229) ( BPBM). New Georgia Islands: Gizo, Gizo Is., 8.1 ° S 156.85 ° E, 100 m, Nov 1975, N.L.H. Krauss, 23 (00043227, 00043228) ( BPBM). Tamaneke, 8.48333 ° S 158.06667 ° E, 50 m, Feb 1987, N.L.H. Krauss, 1♀ (00043232) ( BPBM). Western Province: New Georgia Islands: Munda, New Georgia Is., 8.31666 ° S 157.25 ° E, 50 m, Feb 1984, N.L.H. Krauss, 13 (00043230) ( BPBM).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Habitus of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 7. Habitus of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 9. Vesical spicules of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 13. Parameres of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 20. Distribution of Felisacus species.