Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.

Li, Jing-chao, Liu, Jian-quan & Gao, Xin-fen, 2022, A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 853, pp. 1-127 : 34-37

6. Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.

Figs 19–20

Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde Vol. 1: 723 ( Schneider 1906b).

Pyrus fusca Raf. , Medical Flora or, Manual of the Medical Botany of the United States of North America Vol. 2: 254 ( Rafinesque 1830). – Malus baccata subsp. fusca (C.K.Schneid.) Likhonos , Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 28 ( Likhonos 1974).

– Type: USA • Alaska, outside the town of Junean , on the side of a woody alpine; 58°30′ N, 135°5′ W; 5 Sep. 1913; S.J. Enander s.n.; neotype: RIJKS, designated by Langenfeld 1991: 148.

Pyrus diversifolia Bong. , Mémoires de l’Academie imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Sixieme Serie. Sciences mathematiques, physiques et naturelles 2 (2): 133 ( Bongard 1832). – Malus diversifolia (Bong.) M.Roem. , Familiarum Naturalium Regni Vegetabilis Synopses Monographicae 3, Rosiflorae: 215 ( Roemer 1847), nom. illeg. – Malus fusca var. diversifolia (Bong.) C.K.Schneid. , Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde Vol. 1: 724 ( Schneider 1906b), nom. inval. – Pyrus fusca var. diversifolia (Bong.) L.H.Bailey , The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture Vol. 5: 2876 ( Bailey & Bailey 1916b).

– Type: RUSSIA • Sitcha, s.d.; Mertens s.n.; lectotype: LECB [ LECB0001455 ]! , here designated; isolectotype: M [ M0213668 ]!

Pyrus rivularis Douglas ex Hooker , Flora Boreali-Americana, or, the Botany of the Northern Parts of British America Vol. 1 (4): 203, tab. 68 ( Hooker 1832). – Malus rivularis (Douglas) M.Roem. , Familiarum Naturalium Regni Vegetabilis Synopses Monographicae 3, Rosiflorae: 215 ( Roemer 1847), nom. illeg.

– Type: CANADA • Columbia, illegible common near the Confluence of the Columbia and its southern brameky drown t. 68; s.d.; Douglas s.n.; lecotype: K [ K000758454 , K000758455 ]!, here designated.

Pyrus rivularis var. levipes Nutt. , The North American Sylva Vol. 2: 24 ( Nuttall 1849). – Malus rivularis var. levipes (Nutt.) Koehne, Deutsche Dendrologie : 262 ( Koehne 1893). – Malus fusca var. levipes (Nutt.) C.K.Schneid. , Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde Vol. 1: 724 ( Schneider 1906b), nom. inval.

– Type: USA • The North West coast; s.d.; Menzies s.n.; herbarium unknown.

Examined specimens

CANADA – British Columbia • Oak Park ; 23 Jun. 1920; fr; A. Eastwood 9729; A • District of Renfrew ; Jun.–Jul. 1901; st; C.O. Rosendahl & C.J. Brand 72; GH • Vancouver Island ; 1858; fl, fr; D. Lyall s.n.; GH .

UNITED STATES – Alaska • Fort Wrangel ; 25 Aug. 1897; st; C.S. Sargent s.n.; A • Wrangell ; 27 Jul. 1914; fr; A. Eastwood 992; A • Traitors Gove, North of Ketchikan ; 6 Jun. 1967; fl; G.W. Frame 16; NY . – California • Lat ; 1858; fl, fr; D. Lyall s.n.; GH • Big Lagoon ; 21 Jul. 1932; fr; H.L. Mason 7101; GH . – New York • Ontario ; 10 Sep. 1990; fr; Professor Zhen-long Yan 1046; PE • ibid.; 28 Sep. 1990; fr; Professor Zhen-long Yan 1032; PE . – Washington • Grays Harbor ; 1 Jun. 1987; fr; D.E. Boufford & E.W. Wood 23784; PE • Cascade Mountains ; 16 Jun.–15 Sep. 1896; fl, fr; O.D. Allen 213; P .

Description

Tree, 10‒12 m high, sometimes shrub under artificial culture. Branches terete, villous when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 1.5‒2.5 cm long, occasionally puberulous in mature leaf. Lamina 6.0 × 3.1 cm, elliptical to oval, base cuneate or cordate, oblique, apex acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse, margin crenate to serrulate, sporadically 3-lobed, blade abaxially pubescent when young, glabrescent. Inflorescence umbelliform corymb, with 6‒10 flowers. Pedicel ca 2‒3 cm long, puberulous. Hypanthium puberulous. Sepals lanceolate to triangular, glabrous, caducous. Petals ca 0.9 × 0.6 cm, white, rarely pink, obovate. Stamens 16‒20, unequal. Styles 2‒5 (3‒4), as long as or longer than stamens, glabrous. Pome ca 1.5‒2.0 cm in diameter, coniform, yellow to red. Carpopodium ca 2.1 cm long, puberulous.

Distribution

Canada and United States ( Fig. 19 ).

Chromosome number

2n = 34.

Figures

Fig. 19. Distribution of Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.

Fig. 20. Morphological characters of Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.; K000758454/K000758455 (lectotype of Pyrus rivularis Douglas ex Hooker), K000758456, K000758457, K000758458, P03240223, P03240225, P03240226, P03240227, US01074641 (Malus diversifolia (Bong.) M.Roem.), US01074643 (M. diversifolia), US01074645 (M. diversifolia). Scale bars = 10 mm.