Amplimerlinius globigerus Siddiqi, 1979

Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar & Niknam, Gholamreza, 2014, An updated and annotated checklist of the Dolichodoridae (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea) of Iran, Zootaxa 3784 (4), pp. 445-468 : 446-460

Amplimerlinius globigerus Siddiqi, 1979

127 ♀: L = 710–1161 µm; a = 24–40; b = 4.3–6.3; c = 13–24; c' = 1.7–3.2; St = 20–25 µm; V = 50–60; Tail annuli = 26–48

39 ♂: L = 700–1182 µm; a = 26–43; b = 4.6–6.5; c = 14–21; St = 20.5–25.0 µm; Spicules = 25–36 µm

Associated plants and locality. sugar beet (Khorasan Razavi and Hamadan), grapevine (Hamadan and Kurdistan), alfalfa (Hamadan), castor bean (Qazvin), fourteen different vegetables (East Azerbaijan), strawberry (Kurdistan), walnut (Kerman and Hamadan), rapeseed (North Khorasan), fruit trees nursery (Kurdistan) and unidentified plants (Kerman and Semnan). During present study, from grass, almond, grapevine, peach, quince and walnut ( Fars), fruit tree seedlings, apple, cherry, wild grapevine and strawberry (Kurdistan), walnut and pepper (Hamadan), wheat, corn, grapevine, apricot and forest trees (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad) and cucumber (Khuzestan).

References. Mehdikhani Moghadam & Kheiri, 1995 [F]; Karegar et al., 1995 [F]; Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 [P]; Razzaz Hashemi, 2006; Ali Ramaji et al., 2006; Karegar, 2006; Jabbari & Niknam, 2008; Ghaderi et al., 2008; Gharakhani et al., 2010; Kashi et al., 2009; Harati et al., 2010; Ashrafi et al., 2012; Ghaderi et al., 2012a; Ghorbani et al., 2012; Baadl et al., 2012b [P]; Present study.

Remarks. Andrássy (2007) noted that because stylet length is the only difference between A. globigerus and A. socialis , A. globigerus may be a junior synonym of A. socialis . However, stylet length in the Iranian populations overlaps with that of A. socialis , supporting the synonymy of these taxa as Andrassy’s contention.

Amplimerlinius icarus ( Wallace & Greet, 1964) Siddiqi, 1976

Syn: Merlinius icarus ( Wallace & Greet, 1964) Siddiqi, 1970

Associated plants and locality. tea (Gilan) and saffron (South Khorasan). References. Kheiri, 1972a; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013.

Amplimerlinius macrurus ( Goodey, 1932) Siddiqi, 1976

25 ♀: L = 802–1048 µm; a = 23–31; b = 4.4–5.7; c = 13–17; c' = 2.1–2.7; St = 25–29 µm; V = 55–58; Tail annuli = 30–53

9 ♂: L = 802–1067 µm; a = 25–33; b = 4.7–5.5; c = 11–14; St = 25–30 µm; Spicules = 31–38 µm

Associated plants and locality. cucumber, corn, melon, grapevine, sugar beet, apricot, sainfoin, wheat, apple, alfalfa, potato, walnut, bean, saffron, milk vetch and other plants (Esfahan, Markazi, West Azerbaijan, Qazvin, Alborz, Hamadan, Fars, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, East Azerbaijan, South Khorasan and Ardabil). From citrus (Mazandaran), present study.

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti & Kheiri, 1989; Akhiani et al., 1993; Teymouri & Nouri, 1993; Barooti, 1998; Mohammad Deimi et al., 2008a; Niknam et al., 2008 [P; restudy]; Ali Ramaji et al., 2010; Bahmani et al., 2013; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [P]; Present study.

Remarks. Female stylet length was reported as 23 µm (21.4–26.3 µm) ( Niknam et al., 2008); however, stylet length may be underestimated or the studied population may be a mixture of A. globigerus and A. macrurus .

Amplimerlinius sikkimensis Shaw & Khan, 1992

7 ♀: L = 570–800 µm; a = 25–31; b = 4.5–6.6; c = 12–19; c' = 2.1–3.9; St = 15–19 µm; V = 50–60; Tail annuli = 30–32.

Associated plants and locality. potato (Khorasan Razavi).

References. Erfanipour Ghasemi et al., 2011 [F; restudy].

Remarks. In the discussion part of the related reference ( Erfanipour Ghasemi et al., 2011), stylet length was reported as 22–24 µm, while given as 15–19 µm in table 1 of that paper and appears to be about 14 and 18 µm, based on calculations from fig. 1A and 1B, respectively, from the same paper. However, stylet length in the original description of A. sikkimensis is 24–26 µm ( Shaw & Khan, 1992) and this species must be compared with the morphologically similar species, A. socialis .

Amplimerlinius socialis ( Andrássy, 1962) Siddiqi, 1976

? ♀: L = 700–920 µm; St = 24–26 µm; Tail annuli = 35–45

Associated plants and locality. grapevine (Alborz), fruit trees (East Azerbaijan) and saffron (South Khorasan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Solouki et al., 2012; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013.

Geocenamus tenuidens Thorne & Malek, 1968

Associated plants and locality. tomato (North Khorasan) and saffron (South Khorasan). References. Fadavi Khalajlo et al., 2013 [F; restudy]; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013 [restudy]. Remarks. Specimens should be reexamined in regard to some diagnostic characters such as perioral disc and conus length. Fadavi Khalajlo et al. (2013) described a population without perioral disc, a robust stylet having short conus and tail with 32–45 ventral annuli (vs. having distinct perioral disc, a slender stylet with longer conus and 45–80 ventral annuli on tail in G. tenuidens ).

Merlinius alboranensis (Tobar-Jiménez, 1970) Tarjan, 1973

Syn: Geocenamus alboranensis (Tobar-Jiménez, 1970) Brzeski, 1991

Associated plants and locality. pomegranate and apricot (Kerman), arborvitae (Kuhgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad) and other plants (Sistan and Baluchistan).

References. Seraji et al., 2000; Jahanshahi Afshar et al., 2006; Palashi et al., 2012.

Remarks. Very similar to M. microdorus (see below); the ranges of stylet length and other diagnostic characters of these two species overlap each other.

Merlinius bavaricus ( Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970

30 ♀: L = 694–1036 µm; a = 27–36; b = 4.8–6.6; c = 12–17; c' = 2.6–3.9; St = 20–22 µm; V = 54–59; Tail annuli = 38–52

18 ♂: L = 633–906 µm; a = 32–43; b = 4.5–6.6; c = 12–16; St = 18–21 µm; Spicules = 23–28 µm Associated plants and locality. beech (Gilan) and saffron (South Khorasan). References. Pourjam et al., 2011a [F]; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013.

Merlinius brevidens ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

Syn: Geocenamus brevidens ( Allen, 1955) Brzeski, 1991

106 ♀: L = 485–728 µm; a = 25–36; b = 4.2–5.9; c = 11–16; c' = 2.5–4.6; St = 12–16 µm; V = 51–60; Tail

annuli = 32–55

10 ♂: L = 506–653 µm; a = 29–40; b = 4.2–5.1; c = 10–14; St = 13–15 µm; Spicules = 17–22 µm Associated plants and locality. associated with many plants in different regions of Iran. References. reported by many authors; the first report by Kheiri, 1972a. A full description was given by

Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 and morphometrics by Mojtahedi et al., 1983; Niknam et al., 2008;

Mohammad Deimi & Mitkowski, 2010; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014; Present study. Remarks. The above-mentioned morphometrics are only based on the populations collected during present

study, because some measurements may be overestimated in the other reports.

Merlinius graminicola ( Kirjanova, 1951) Siddiqi, 1976

Syn: Geocenamus graminicola ( Kirjanova, 1951) Geraert, 2011

? ♀: L = 700–740 µm; St = 23–24 µm; Tail annuli = 27–29

Associated plants and locality. sugar beet ( Fars and Esfahan) and saffron (South Khorasan). References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Akhiani et al., 1993; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013.

Merlinius indicus Zarina & Maqbool, 1995

9 ♀: L = 458–677 µm; a = 25–33; b = 4.4–5.5; c = 11–13; c' = 3.0–3.7; St = 10–13 µm; V = 53–61; Tail annuli = 37–55

Associated plants and locality. rosemary (Khorasan Razavi). From alfalfa (Sistan and Baluchistan) and wheat ( Fars and Boushehr), present study.

References. Mehdikhani Moghadam & Mokrem Hassar, 2011 [F; restudy]; Present study.

Remarks. In the Khorasan Razavi population, some characters, including head shape, vulval lips, position of phasmids and number of tail annuli differ from those reported elsewhere for M. indicus . Furthermore, the appearence of cuticular striations were not mentioned in description, an important character for separation of M. indicus from the very closely related M. nanus (shallow vs. deep cuticular striations). However, the above morphometrics are only for populations collected in the present study.

Merlinius microdorus ( Geraert, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970

Syn: Geocenamus microdorus ( Geraert, 1966) Brzeski, 1991

96 ♀: L = 489–715 µm; a = 23–34; b = 3.9–5.9; c = 10–16; c' = 2.3–4.2; St = 12–16 µm; V = 51–59; Tail annuli = 31–62

19 ♂: L = 489–660 µm; a = 26–37; b = 4.1–5.4; c = 10–13; St = 11–15 µm; Spicules = 15–22 µm

Associated plants and locality. wheat, cucumber, musk-melon, watermelon, sugar beet, grapevine, white poplar, clover, tobacco, sweet lemon, potato, almond, apricot, plum, alfalfa, soybean, walnut, rapeseed, saffron and rosemary (Alborz, Esfahan, Ardabil, Qazvin, Kerman, Golestan, West Azerbaijan, Fars, Hamadan, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, South Khorasan and Khorasan Razavi). During present study, from watermelon (Khorasan Razavi), clover (Mazandaran), grapevine, lettuce and white poplar ( Fars), eucalyptus, wheat and alfalfa (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad) and date palm (Boushehr).

References. Kheiri, 1972a; Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Karegar et al., 1995 [P]; Barooti, 1998; Bahrami Kamangar et al., 2000; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002; Jamali et al., 2005; Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 [P]; Karegar, 2006; Najafpour et al., 2008; Kashi et al., 2009; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Mokrem Hassar, 2011 [P]; Baadl et al., 2012a; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013; Present study.

Remarks. The population studied by Kheiri, 1972a was considered as M. nanus by Saltukoglu et al., 1976.

Merlinius nanus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

Syn: Geocenamus nanus ( Allen, 1955) Brzeski, 1991

69 ♀: L = 433–872 µm; a = 25–41; b = 4.0–6.5; c = 11–16; c' = 2.7–4.5; St = 11–15 µm; V = 52–60; Tail annuli = 32–60

14 ♂: L = 404–819 µm; a = 25–34; b = 4.2–5.6; c = 10–14; St = 11–13 µm; Spicules = 18–24 µm

Associated plants and locality. grapevine, alfalfa and tomato (Esfahan), cucumber (Esfahan, Kerman), rapeseed (Golestan and North Khorasan) and saffron (South Khorasan). During present study, from citrus and date palm (Hormozgan), pomegranate, sugar beet, eucalyptus, alfalfa, pepper and potato ( Fars), corn (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars), cucumber and onion (Boushehr).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Naseri et al., 2008 [F]; Niknam et al., 2008 [P]; Rafiee et al., 2010; Baadl et al., 2012a; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013; Present study.

Merlinius nothus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

Syn: Geocenamus nothus ( Allen, 1955) Brzeski, 1991 ; Merlinius paramonovi Volkova, 1972 Associated plants and locality. grapevine (Markazi, Esfahan), rapeseed (North Khorasan) and other plants

(Semnan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Harati et al., 2010; Baadl et al., 2012a [F].

Merlinius plerorbus Anderson & Ebsary, 1982

7 ♀: L = 490–568 µm; a = 19–24; b = 4.6–6.1; c = 11–13; c' = 2.7–3.4; St = 15–16 µm; V = 56–58; Tail annuli = 24–32

7 ♂: L = 501–601 µm; a = 25–31; b = 4.5–5.3; c = 11–12; St = 15–16 µm; Spicules = 20–22 µm

Associated plants and locality. hawthorn (Ardabil).

References. Pourjam et al., 2011a [F].

Merlinius pseudobavaricus Saltukoglu, Geraert & Coomans, 1976

Syn: Geocenamus pseudobavaricus ( Saltukoglu, Geraert & Coomans, 1976) Brzeski, 1991 7 ♀: L = 560–685 µm; a = 22–30; b = 4.5–5.1; c = 13–15; c' = 2.6–3.0; St = 21–24 µm; V = 53–57; Tail annuli =?

6 ♂: L = 525–640 µm; a = 24–29; b = 4.3–4.8; c = 9–13; St = 15–23 µm; Spicules = 18–26 µm Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan), saffron (South Khorasan) and some plants and fruit trees (Zanjan).

References. Niknam et al., 2008 [F]; Mousavi et al., 2012; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013.

Nagelus camelliae (Kheiri, 1972) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius camelliae Kheiri, 1972

2 ♀: L = 595–605 µm; a = 24–26; b = 4.3–4.9; c = 12–14; c' = 2.7–3.3; St = 20–21 µm; V = 55–58; Tail

annuli = 50–55

3 ♂: L = 515–585 µm; a = 26–28; b = 3.6–4.4; c = 10–12; St = 20 µm; Spicules = 25–27 µm Associated plants and locality. tea (Gilan) and citrus (Mazandaran). References. Kheiri, 1972b [F]; Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P].

Remarks. This species was redescribed from Turkey ( Saltukoglu, 1974) and is considered a synonym of N.

obscurus by Brzeski, 1997.

Nagelus leptus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius leptus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

? ♀: L = 640–1000 µm; St = 21–24 µm; Tail annuli = 50–60 Associated plants and locality. cucumber and alfalfa (Esfahan and Fars). References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P].

Nagelus obscurus ( Allen, 1955) Powers, Baldwin & Bell, 1983

Syn: Merlinius obscurus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

29 ♀: L = 619–907 µm; a = 24–35; b = 4.6–6.0; c = 12–17; c' = 2.7–3.9; St = 20–27 µm; V = 53–58; Tail annuli = 42–70

14 ♂: L = 542–915 µm; a = 30–35; b = 4.0–6.0; c = 10–13; St = 19–27 µm; Spicules = 21–33 µm

Associated plants and locality. grapevine and apple (Kermanshah), citrus (Mazandaran), hawthorn and an unspecified plant (Ardabil) and beech (Gilan). From forest trees (Golestan) and strawberry (Kurdistan), present study.

References. Taymouri & Nouri, 1993; Divsalar et al., 2011; Ali Ramaji et al., 2012 [F]; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [P; restudy]; Present study.

Remark. The morphometrics presented by Panahandeh & Pourjam (2014) were more consistent with those of N. leptus ; thus they are not considered, here.

Neodolichorhynchus judithae ( Andrássy, 1962) Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984

9 ♀: L = 903–1100 µm; a = 31–36; b = 5.6–6.5; c = 18–22; c' = 2.1–2.5; St = 21–23 µm; V = 53–56; Tail annuli = 32–47

5 ♂: L = 838–929 µm; a = 29–36; b = 5.3–5.7; c = 16–19; St = 20–23 µm; Spicules = 25–28 µm

Associated plants and locality. grass (Ardabil).

References. Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [F].

Remark. The taxon was synonymized with N. microphasmis ( Brzeski, 1991; 1998), a proposal not accepted by others ( Siddiqi, 2000; Andrássy, 2007; Geraert, 2011).

Neodolichorhynchus microphasmis ( Loof, 1960) Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984 Syn : Tylenchorhynchus microphasmis Loof, 1960

Associated plants and locality. unspecified agricultural and horticultural plants (Boushehr). References. Saiidi Naiini et al., 2000.

Neodolichorhynchus phaseoli ( Sethi & Swarup, 1968) Talavera & Tobar-Jiménez, 1997 23 ♀: L = 672–828 µm; a = 28–35; b = 4.8–5.9; c = 14–20; c' = 2.7–3.6; St = 18–20 µm; V = 51–57; Tail annuli = 27–38

9 ♂: L = 648–731 µm; a = 28–35; b = 4.8–5.5; c = 12–15; St = 17–19 µm; Spicules = 19–23 µm Associated plants and locality. turf grass (Boushehr and Hormozgan) and tomato (Boushehr). References. Present study.

Neodolichorhynchus solani ( Gupta & Uma, 1981) Siddiqi, 1986 Syn : Tylenchorhynchus solani Gupta & Uma, 1982

Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan) and tomato (North Khorasan). References. Niknam & Chenari Bouket, 2006; Fadavi Khalajlo et al., 2010.

Neodolichorhynchus sulcatus (de Guiran, 1967) Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984

9 ♀: L = 573–803 µm; a = 29–36; b = 4.8–6.3; c = 14–19; c' = 2.8–3.6; St = 17–20 µm; V = 54–56; Tail annuli = 22–35

5 ♂: L = 560–661 µm; a = 29–34; b = 4.9–5.2; c = 13–14; St = 18–19 µm; Spicules = 21–24 µm Associated plants and locality. pomegranate (Alborz). From onion (Boushehr), present study. References. Pourjam et al., 2011b [F]; Present study.

Paramerlinius affinis ( Allen, 1955) Sturhan, 2012

Syn: Merlinius affinis ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970 ; Geocenamus affinis ( Allen, 1955) Brzeski, 1991 ? ♀: L = 800–1000 µm; St = 26–27 µm; Tail annuli = 28–33

Associated plants and locality. rose, arborvitae, elm, cherry, peach, plum and apple (Ardabil) and some fruit trees (Alborz).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti, 1998; Mohammad Deimi et al., 2008a.

Paramerlinius grandis ( Allen, 1955) Sturhan, 2012

Syn: Merlinius grandis ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970

? ♀: L = 960–1110 µm; St = 26–30 µm; Tail annuli = 35–42 Associated plants and locality. grapevine (Alborz). References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P].

Paramerlinius hexagrammus ( Sturhan, 1966) Sturhan, 2012

Syn: Merlinius hexagrammus ( Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970 ; Geocenamus hexagrammus ( Sturhan, 1966) Brzeski, 1991 ; Nagelus hexagrammus ( Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1979

45 ♀: L = 1000–1456 µm; a = 24–36; b = 4.9–6.4; c = 14–25; c' = 1.7–3.4; St = 29–39 µm; V = 52–59; Tail annuli = 26–55

31 ♂: L = 1060–1380 µm; a = 29–39; b = 4.9–6.5; c = 11–19; St = 30–39 µm; Spicules = 32–44 µm

Associated plants and locality. apple, elm, potato, tobacco, sugar beet, barley, corn, alder, beech, grass and non–mentioned plants (Ardabil, Golestan, Esfahan, Gilan and Semnan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Akhiani et al., 1993; Niknam & Kheiri, 1997; Harati et al., 2010; Ali Ramaji et al., 2012 [F]; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [P].

Paramerlinius neohexagrammus (Ivanova, 1978) Sturhan, 2012

Syn: Nagelus neohexagrammus (Ivanova, 1978) Kapoor, 1983

32 ♀: L = 987–1247 µm; a = 27–35; b = 5.6–7.0; c = 14–23; c' = 1.8–2.9; St = 25–28 µm; V = 52–57; Tail annuli = 24–37

13 ♂: L = 1002–1186 µm; a = 30–35; b = 5.7–6.6; c = 12–19; St = 25–27 µm; Spicules = 30–35 µm

Associated plants and locality. alder (Gilan). From eucalyptus (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad), present study.

References. Ali Ramaji et al., 2012 [F]; Present study.

Remarks. Asghari et al. (2012) confirmed the transfer of this species from genus Nagelus to Merlinius , based on detailed SEM examination of a population from Afghanistan.

Paratrophurus costarricensis López, 1986

Associated plants and locality. rapeseed (North Khorasan).

References. Baadl et al., 2010 [restudy].

Remark. Also must be compared with Tylenchorhynchus species (using the key developed by Geraert, 2011), because some species of these two genera are very similar.

Paratrophurus kenanae Decker & El Amin, 1978

11 ♀: L = 679–759 µm; a = 24–38; b = 4.6–5.3; c = 12–16; c' = 3.0–4.1; St = 19–22 µm; V = 52–59; Tail annuli = 13–26

3 ♂: L = 632–780 µm; a = 26–38; b = 4.8–6.8; c = 13–14; St = 20–21 µm; Spicules = 21–22 µm

Associated plants and locality. forest trees (Golestan).

References. Mirbabaei Karani et al., 2012 [P]; Present study.

Pratylenchoides crenicauda Winslow, 1958

9 ♀: L = 604–787 µm; a = 21–31; b = 4.8–5.8; c = 14–19; c' = 2.0–3.4; St = 19–22 µm; V = 55–59; Tail annuli = 23–37

Associated plants and locality. grass (Esfahan).

References. Present study.

Remarks. The genus Pratylenchoides was reported for the first time in Iran, by Sturhan (1974). Two slides of that study including specimens collected from Esfahan and Kermanshah were kindly sent by the author and examined in present study. The specimens from Kermanshah were not so good for reliable identification.

Pratylenchoides erzurumensis Yüksel, 1977

2 ♀: L = 616–670 µm; a = 23–25; b = 5.6–6.2; c = 16–21; c' = 1.7–2.4; St = 21–22 µm; V = 59–60; Tail annuli = 18–25

3 ♂: L = 529–683 µm; a = 24–27; b = 5.1–7.1; c = 13–16; St = 20 µm; Spicules = 20–21 µm

Associated plants and locality. wild grapevine (Kurdistan).

References. Present study.

Remark. The population reported as P. variabilis ( Ghaderi et al., 2012a) is more similar to this species.

Pratylenchoides leiocauda Sher, 1970

1 ♀: L = 694 µm; a = 24; b = 4.9; c = 15; c' = 2.4; St = 21 µm; V = 60; Tail annuli =? 2 ♂: L = 593–623 µm; a = 21–24; b = 5.2; c = 12–14; St = 18–21 µm; Spicules = 21–23 µm Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (Hamadan).

References. Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 [F].

Pratylenchoides magnicauda ( Thorne, 1935) Baldwin, Luc & Bell, 1983

4 ♀: L = 697–903 µm; a = 32–37; b = 4.0–4.5; c = 13–21; c' = 2.4–3.5; St = 24–26 µm; V = 59–62; Tail annuli = 33

Associated plants and locality. apple (Ardabil).

References. Ghahramani Nejad Mianeji et al., 2011 [F].

Pratylenchoides ritteri Sher, 1970

Syn: Pratylenchoides alkani Yüksel, 1977

147 ♀: L = 533–1180 µm; a = 23–39; b = 4.3–8.5; c = 10–19; c' = 2.1–3.7; St = 19–25 µm; V = 49–61; Tail annuli = 20–42

63 ♂: L = 554–1002 µm; a = 23–35; b = 5.3–8.3; c = 10–18; St = 17–22 µm; Spicules = 21–34 µm

Associated plants and locality. sugar beet (Khorasan Razavi, East Azerbaijan and Hamadan), barley (Ardabil and Kermanshah), alfalfa (Ardabil, Kurdistan, Esfahan, Lorestan, Hamadan and Yazd), cotton (Golestan), wheat (Markazi, Lorestan, Kermanshah and Golestan), tobacco (Mazandaran), sunflower (Lorestan and Golestan), almond (Esfahan and Fars), chickpea (Khorasan Razavi, Lorestan and Kermanshah), tomato and peanut (Golestan), cherry and plum (Ardabil), box tree (Mazandaran), cauliflower and peach (Tehran), apple (Hamadan), soybean (Lorestan, Kermanshah, Golestan, Mazandaran and Ardabil), potato (Lorestan and Ardabil), grapevine (Lorestan and Markazi), clover (Lorestan), walnut (Lorestan), eggplant (Kermanshah), rapeseed (some provinces of Golestan, Semnan, East Azerbaijan, Markazi, Kurdistan and North Khorasan), walnut, strawberry and fruit trees nursery (Kurdistan), corn (Mazandaran), cereals (northwest, west and central provinces) and non-mentioned plants (Ardabil, Zanjan and West Azerbaijan). During present study, from almond and tomato (Kurdistan), wheat, eucalyptus and milk vetch ( Fars).

References. Mehdikhani Moghadam & Kheiri, 1995; Niknam & Kheiri, 1997 [F]; Ghanbarnia et al., 1998; Pourjam et al., 2000 [F]; Barooti et al., 2000a, b; Davarian & Taheri, 2004; Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 [P]; Karegar, 2006 [P]; Khezrinejad et al., 2006; Shakeri & Tanha Maafi, 2006; Naseri et al., 2008; Ghaderi et al., 2008; Tanha Maafi et al., 2008; Najafpour et al., 2008; Mohammad Deimi & Mitkowski, 2010; Ghahramani Nejad Mianeji et al., 2011; Mousavi et al., 2012; Ghorbanzad et al., 2012; Ghorbani et al., 2012; Baadl et al., 2012b [P]; Majd Taheri et al., 2012 [M]; Majd Taheri et al., 2013 [P; M]; Bahmani et al., 2013; Present study.

Remarks. Intraspecific variation has been studied (Pourjam et al., 2000). This species has been extracted from maize roots and this plant stated as a novel host for P. ritteri ( Majd Taheri et al., 2012) . Several morphological observations indicate that P. a l k a n i may be a synonym of Pratylenchoides ritteri ( Brzeski, 1998; Karegar, 2006; Majd Taheri et al., 2013), although, populations still differ, upon D2-D3 28S-rDNA RFLP and sequences ( Majd Taheri et al., 2013). We agree with Brzeski (1998) on the synonymy of these two species, considering obtained morphological, biological and molecular data from the additional isolates of these species (unpubl.).

Pratylenchoides utahensis Baldwin, Luc & Bell, 1983

14 ♀: L = 642–872 µm; a = 23–33; b = 4.8–7.2; c = 15–20; c' = 2.1–2.9; St = 19–21 µm; V = 56–63; Tail annuli = 20–30

11 ♂: L = 561–751 µm; a = 29–39; b = 5.9–8.0; c = 14–18; St = 16–19 µm; Spicules = 18–23 µm Associated plants and locality. milk-vetch and turf grass of a meadow (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad). References. Present study.

Pratylenchoides variabilis Sher, 1970

5 ♀: L = 573–665 µm; a = 26–29; b = 4.5–5.0; c = 16–20; c' = 2.2–2.5; St = 19–21 µm; V = 58–61; Tail annuli = 22–29

Associated plants and locality. apple (West Azerbaijan).

References. Ghorbanzad et al., 2012.

Remark. This population has been reported as P. crenicauda ( Ghorbanzad et al., 2012) . Five specimens were studied and assigned to be more close to P. variabilis , considering longer overlapping of oesophageal glands, lesser annuli on female tail and smaller body size than the populations of P. crenicauda ( Siddiqi, 1974; Brzeski, 1998; Present study). However, these species may be identical.

Quinisulcius capitatus ( Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971

Syn: Quinisulcius acti (Hopper, 1959) Siddiqi, 1971

10 ♀: L = 600–786 µm; a = 29–34; b = 4.5–5.1; c = 14–16; c' = 2.8–3.3; St = 17–19 µm; V = 53–56; Tail annuli = 33–52

Associated plants and locality. wheat (Ardabil), potato, rose, apple (Tehran), rapeseed (North Khorasan) and some plants (Boushehr and Tehran).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Saiidi Naiini et al., 2000; Karimi Pourfard et al., 2002; Pourjam et al., 2011a [F]; Baadl et al., 2012b [P].

Scutylenchus paniculoides Vovlas & Esser, 1990

24 ♀: L = 680–942 µm; a = 28–39; b = 4.7–6.1; c = 15–20; c' = 2.0–2.9; St = 18–22 µm; V = 52–58; Tail annuli = 20–29

6 ♂: L = 734–819 µm; a = 31–35; b = 4.9–5.7; c = 14–16; St = 19–20 µm; Spicules = 24–29 µm Associated plants and locality. pomegranate, wheat and oak ( Fars). References. Present study.

Scutylenchus quadrifer ( Andrássy, 1954) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius quadrifer ( Andrássy, 1954) Siddiqi, 1970 ; Geocenamus quadrifer ( Andrássy, 1954) Brzeski, 1991

Associated plants and locality. apple, wheat, sugar beet, sunflower, safflower and alfalfa (Alborz), barley (Ardabil), cotton (Tehran), rapeseed (North Khorasan) and some field crops (Sistan and Baluchistan).

References. Kheiri, 1972a [restudy]; Niknam & Kheiri, 1997 [restudy]; Ghanbarnia et al., 1998 [restudy]; Seraji et al., 2000 [restudy]; Baadl et al., 2012a [F; restudy].

Remarks. Kheiri (1972a) synonymized this species with S. rugosus , but Loof (1978) disputed on the synonymy of it. Some diagnostic characters such as tail shape, stylet length and mode of reproduction have not been considered in the reported populations from Iran. However, those populations may indeed be S. rugosus , not S. quadrifer . This is clearly obvious in drawings related to North Khorasan population ( Baadl et al., 2012a), so if that population was compared with S. quadrifer ( Loof, 1978) , differences in female tail shape (subcylindrical and tapering to a narrower terminus vs. subcylindrical with very broadly rounded terminus), tail length (c' = 2.6–2.9 vs. 1.6–2.4), stylet length (21–23 vs. 18–20 µm) and mode of reproduction (absence vs. presence of males) could be observed.

Scutylenchus rugosus ( Siddiqi, 1963) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius rugosus ( Siddiqi, 1963) Siddiqi, 1970 ; Geocenamus rugosus ( Siddiqi, 1963) Brzeski, 1991 ; Merlinius cylindricaudatus (Ivanova, 1968) Siddiqi, 1970

223 ♀: L = 622–1022 µm; a = 23–41; b = 4.3–7.4; c = 13–20; c' = 2.2–4.1; St = 20–25 µm; V = 51–60; Tail annuli = 20–38

2 ♂: L = 680–740 µm; a = 30; b = 5.8–6.0; c = 14–15; St = 17.5 µm; Spicules = 22–23 µm

Associated plants and locality. associated with many plants from almost all provinces of Iran.

References. reported by many authors; the first report was made by Mojtahedi et al., 1983; a partial description by Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005; Niknam et al., 2008; Baadl et al., 2012a; Present study.

Remarks. Survival, host range, and population dynamics and pathogenecity on wheat and corn have been studied ( Hashemi & Karegar, 2012a; 2012b, Hashemi et al., 2012).

Scutylenchus squamatus ( Eroshenko & Volkova, 1988) Sturhan, 2011 Syn : Geocenamus squamatus Eroshenko & Volkova, 1988

10 ♀: L = 774–955 µm; a = 25–34; b = 4.4–7.3; c = 14–20; c' = 2.7–3.4; St = 24–26 µm; V = 50–59; Tail annuli = 25–27

Associated plants and locality. saffron (South Khorasan).

References. Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013 [F; restudy].

Remarks. The number of longitudinal striae is not considered in the above-mentioned reference.

Scutylenchus stegus ( Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius stegus ( Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1970 ; Geocenamus stegus ( Thorne & Malek, 1968) Brzeski, 1991

? ♀: L = 630–840 µm; c' = 3; St = 22–24 µm; Tail annuli = 21–26

Associated plants and locality. grapevine, cucumber, cantaloupe, melon, corn, musk-melon, watermelon, sugar beet, alfalfa, rose, tomato, citrus, wheat, olive, potato, tobacco, almond, walnut, poplar, eggplant, bean, oak, pistachio and some fruit trees or plants (Esfahan, Fars, Tehran, Alborz, Qazvin, Qum, Mazandaran, Yazd, Markazi, Sistan and Baluchistan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Boushehr, Kurdistan, Lorestan and Kerman).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P; restudy]; Akhiani et al., 1993 [restudy]; Hosseini Nejad et al., 1997 [restudy]; Barooti, 1998 [restudy]; Nowruzi & Barooti, 2001 [restudy]; Bahrami Kamangar et al., 2000 [restudy]; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002 [restudy]; Barooti et al., 2008 [restudy]; Mohammad Deimi et al., 2008a [restudy]; Neshat et al., 2011 [restudy]; Bahmani et al., 2013 [restudy].

Remarks. Some populations have been reported with no consideration of the diagnostic characters (e.g., number of longitudinal striae, post-rectal sac and stylet knob orientation, etc.) necessary to separate this species from S. rugosus .

Scutylenchus tartuensis ( Krall, 1959) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Merlinius tartuensis ( Krall, 1959) Siddiqi, 1970

37 ♀: L = 745–977 µm; a = 23–34; b = 5.0–6.3; c = 14–19; c' = 2.1–3.3; St = 19–24 µm; V = 51–57; Tail annuli = 19–37

17 ♂: L = 714–848 µm; a = 25–37; b = 4.7–5.8; c = 13–16; St = 20–24 µm; Spicules = 22–30 µm

Associated plants and locality. rapeseed (Kurdistan) and potato (Khorasan Razavi). From fruit tree seedlings and tobacco (Kurdistan), present study.

References. Naseri et al., 2008 [F]; Ali Ramaji et al., 2010; Erfani pour Ghasemi et al., 2010 [P; restudy]; Present study.

Remarks. The populations from Iran have 38–40 ( Naseri et al., 2008) or 30–38 (present study) longitudinal striae vs. about 30 (as stated in Brzeski, 1998 and Geraert, 2011). Longitudinal striae were not considered in the drawings or text in Erfanipour Ghasemi et al. (2011).

Scutylenchus tessellatus ( Goodey, 1952) Siddiqi, 1979

Syn: Geocenamus tessellatus ( Goodey, 1952) Brzeski, 1991 6 ♀: L = 770–1020 µm; a = 28–31; b = 5.1–6.2; c = 14–15; c' = 2.1–3.0; St = 19–21 µm; V = 54–57; Tail

annuli = 32–36

Associated plants and locality. rapeseed (North Khorasan). References. Baadl et al., 2012a [F].

Trichotylenchus divittatus ( Siddiqi, 1961) Geraert, 2011

Syn: Tylenchorhynchus divittatus Siddiqi, 1961

17 ♀: L = 531–660 µm; a = 29–41; b = 4.6–5.9; c = 18–22; c' = 2.3–3.4; St = 17–20 µm; V = 55–60; Tail annuli = 13–22

15 ♂: L = 517–703 µm; a = 26–44; b = 4.5–6.3; c = 16–21; St = 16–21 µm; Spicules = 14–21 µm

Associated plants and locality. corn (Kerman).

References. Pourjam et al., 2011a [F].

Trophurus impar Ganguly & Khan, 1983

13 ♀: L = 653–796 µm; a = 27–32; b = 5.1–6.0; c = 21–23; c' = 1.8–2.2; St = 12–14 µm; V = 56–62; Tail annuli = 19–25

4 ♂: L = 559–651 µm; a = 29–33; b = 4.6–5.7; c = 17–19; St = 12–13 µm; Spicules = 15–18 µm

Associated plants and locality. apricot (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad) and walnut ( Fars).

References. Present study.

Remarks. Present population has somewhat different morphometrics from original description ( Ganguly & Khan, 1983), but with a distinctly bifurcated cardia and oesophageal glands overlapping.

Trophurus lomus Saha, Chawla & Khan, 1974

3 ♀: L = 700–900 µm; a = 30–32; b = 5.8–6.5; c = 24–32; c' = 1.4–2.1; St = 15–18 µm; V = 57–60; Tail annuli =?

Associated plants and locality. wheat (Ardabil), apple, alfalfa and plane-tree (East Azerbaijan and Ardabil), rapeseed and walnut (Kurdistan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti, 1998; Naseri et al., 2008 [F]; Bahmani et al., 2013.

Trophurus minnesotensis ( Caveness, 1958) Caveness, 1959

12 ♀: L = 669–803 µm; a = 27–35; b = 5.0–6.5; c = 18–23; c' = 2.5–3.5; St = 12–15 µm; V = 56–63; Tail annuli = 19–22

Associated plants and locality. potato, rapeseed, wheat and alfalfa (Ardabil).

References. Ghahramani Nejad Mianeji et al., 2011 [F].

Trophurus sculptus Loof, 1956

? ♀: L = 710–750 µm; c' = 2; St = 14–16 µm

Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (Qazvin), apple (Alborz, Kermanshah and East Azerbaijan), grapevine (Kermanshah), olive (Gilan) and potato (East Azerbaijan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Taymouri & Nouri, 1993; Hosseini Nejad et al., 1997; Barooti, 1998.

Trophurus ussuriensis Eroshenko, 1981

34 ♀: L = 621–873 µm; a = 22–37; b = 4.4–6.1; c = 17–29; c' = 1.5–2.4; St = 12–16 µm; V = 56–62; Tail annuli = 16–26

3 ♂: L = 620–724 µm; a = 28–36; b = 4.8–5.1; c = 15–19; St = 12–14 µm; Spicules = 17 µm Associated plants and locality. grapevine and walnut (Hamadan), alfalfa (Hamadan and East Azerbaijan), apple, plum, blackthorn, sour cherry (Zanjan) and strawberry (Kurdistan). From apple, grapevine, sour cherry and alfalfa (Kurdistan), present study.

References. Karegar et al., 1995 [F]; Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al., 2005 [P]; Niknam & Chenari Bouket, 2006; Nouri et al., 2006; Ghaderi et al., 2008; Kashi et al., 2009; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus aduncus de Guiran, 1967

? ♀: L = 680–840 µm; c' = 3; St = 18–20 µm; Tail annuli = 19–29

Associated plants and locality. potato (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan), tomato (East Azerbaijan) and nonmentioned plants (Boushehr and Sistan and Baluchistan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti, 1998; Saiidi Naiini et al., 2000; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002.

Remark. Tail with rounded-conical in Mojtahedi et al., 1983, not pointed or sub-digitate as in original description.

Tylenchorhynchus agri Ferris, 1963

? ♀: L = 660–740 µm; c' = 3; St = 20–23 µm; Tail annuli = 17–26 Associated plants and locality. pomegranate (Khuzestan), date palm and sour-lemon (Boushehr). References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Nowruzi & Barooti, 2001.

Tylenchorhynchus annulatus ( Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971

Syn: Tylenchorhynchus martini Fielding, 1956

80 ♀: L = 522–831 µm; a = 25–37; b = 4.4–5.6; c = 12–17; c' = 2.3–4.1; St = 16–19 µm; V = 51–58; Tail annuli = 16–28

Associated plants and locality. tobacco, eggplant, cabbage, corn, tomato, pumpkin, tea, meadow and olive (Gilan), citrus (Mazandaran), sugarcane (Khuzestan), rice (Gilan, Khuzestan and Mazandaran), wheat ( Fars) and non-mentioned plants (Mazandaran and Sistan and Baluchistan). From turf grass and sugarcane (Khuzestan), ornamentals (Hormozgan), rice (Gilan) and pistachio (Kerman), present study.

References. Kheiri, 1972a; Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Kheiri, 1995; Hosseini Nejad et al., 1997; Moosavi et al., 2000; Pedramfar et al., 2001; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002; Mahdavian & Barooti, 2004; Moosavi & Zarrinnia, 2006; Pourjam et al., 2011b [F]; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus brassicae Siddiqi, 1961

41 ♀: L = 543–734 µm; a = 26–35; b = 4.8–6.2; c = 15–22; c' = 2.1–3.3; St = 15–19 µm; V = 55–59; Tail annuli = 10–20

19 ♂: L = 535–675 µm; a = 27–36; b = 4.6–6.4; c = 14–19; St = 15–18 µm; Spicules = 17–20 µm

Associated plants and locality. grapevine, pomegranate and citrus (Esfahan, Khuzestan, Alborz, Qazvin, West Azerbaijan and Kerman), pistachio and almond (Kerman, Yazd and Fars), rapeseed ( Fars), saffron (South Khorasan) and turnip (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad). During present study, from lemon, vegetables, corn and date palm ( Fars), Lebbeck tree and lettuce (Boushehr) and citrus (Hormozgan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Ali Ramaji et al., 2006; Pakniyat, 2008; Mirehki et al., 2010; Karimi Pourfard et al., 2011; Neshat et al., 2011; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Alvani, 2013; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus Williams, 1960

15 ♀: L = 530–740 µm; a = 25–33; b = 4.5–5.7; c = 13–17; c' = 2.3–3.2; St = 14–17 µm; V = 52–58; Tail annuli = 25–38

5 ♂: L = 590–621 µm; a = 28–33; b = 4.5–5.2; c = 13–15; St = 14–16 µm; Spicules = 22–25 µm

Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan) and rapeseed (Esfahan). From onion (Sistan and Baluchistan) and shade trees (Bushehr), present study.

References. Niknam et al., 2008 [F]; Karimi Pourfard et al., 2008; Present study. Tylenchorhynchus clarus Allen, 1955

33 ♀: L = 463–666 µm; a = 27–34; b = 4.4–5.6; c = 15–24; c' = 2.0–3.3; St = 15–19 µm; V = 55–60; Tail annuli = 9–18

Associated plants and locality. grapevine, maple, citrus, olive, rice, madder, turf grass and others (Esfahan, Ardabil, Kerman, Tehran, Hormozgan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Khuzestan, Yazd and Semnan). During present study, from turf grass ( Fars), pistachio (Kerman), eucalyptus (Sistan and Baluchistan), turf grass, onion, alfalfa and shade trees (Boushehr) and alfalfa and pistachio (Yazd).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Tanha Maafi & Kheiri, 1989; Nowruzi & Barooti, 1997; Hosseini Nejad et al., 1997; Moosavi et al., 2000; Shakeri & Tanha Maafi, 2004; Harati et al., 2010; Ali Ramaji et al., 2010; Ashkani et al., 2012; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner, 1937

Associated plants and locality. pistachio and almond (Kerman, Yazd and Fars), wheat and arborvitae (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad) and other plants (Sistan and Baluchistan). References. Seraji et al., 2000; Ali Ramaji et al., 2006; Ali Ramaji et al., 2010; Abdollahi, 2010; Palashi et al., 2012.

Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus Cobb, 1913

Associated plants and locality. guava (Boushehr).

References. Abivardi, 1974.

Remark. wide distribution in the province and considerably large numbers (with a maximum of about 2000 nematodes per 100 cm 3 soil) of this species was stated in that paper.

Tylenchorhynchus dubius ( Bütschli, 1873) Filipjev, 1936

16 ♀: L = 580–881 µm; a = 30–40; b = 5.1–6.4; c = 13–20; c' = 2.5–3.2; St = 17–21 µm; V = 55–59; Tail annuli = 31–51

8 ♂: L = 609–802 µm; a = 29–38; b = 4.8–5.6; c = 13–18; St = 17–20 µm; Spicules = 24–31 µm

Associated plants and locality. walnut, wheat, grapevine and sugar beet (Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, Fars and Esfahan), rapeseed (Kurdistan), potted flowering plants (Markazi), turf grass (Tehran) and grass (Ardabil).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Akhiani et al., 1993; Naseri et al., 2008 [F]; Mohammad Deimi et al., 2008b; Ashkani et al., 2012; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [P].

Tylenchorhynchus elegans Siddiqi, 1961

Associated plants and locality. unspecified plant (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad). References. Ghaemi & Pourjam, 2012 [P].

Tylenchorhynchus georgiensis Eliashvili, 1971

10 ♀: L = 520–650 µm; a = 30–38; b = 4.8–5.5; c = 16–24; c' = 2.1–3.0; St = 17–20 µm; V = 55–66; Tail annuli = 25–33

Associated plants and locality. wheat, corn and sugar beet (Ardabil).

References. Niknam & Kheiri, 1997 [F].

Tylenchorhynchus goffarti Sturhan, 1966

? ♀: L = 540–690 µm; c' = 3; St = 12–16 µm; V =; Tail annuli = 23–40

Associated plants and locality. cucumber, eggplant, sugar beet, wheat, alfalfa and citrus (Esfahan, Fars, Khuzestan and Kerman), sugarcane (Khuzestan), rapeseed (North Khorasan) and other plants (Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman and Zanjan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Akhiani et al., 1993; Kheiri, 1995; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002; Ali Ramaji et al., 2006; Rafiee et al., 2010; Pourjam et al., 2011a; Mousavi et al., 2012; Baadl et al., 2012b [P].

Tylenchorhynchus graciliformis Siddiqi & Siddiqui, 1983

3 ♀: L = 614–743 µm; a = 33–39; b = 4.8–5.8; c = 15–16; c' = 3.1–3.5; St = 14–16 µm; V = 54–55; Tail annuli = 21–28

3 ♂: L = 616–809 µm; a = 33–45; b = 5.6–5.9; c = 16–17; St = 15–16 µm; Spicules = 18–20 µm

Associated plants and locality. soybean (Golestan, Mazandaran and Ardabil). From tamarisk (Hormozgan), present study.

References. Najafpour et al., 2008; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus hordei Khan, 1972

2 ♀: L = 714–790 µm; a = 31–33; b = 4.2–5.9; c = 12–13; c' = 3.2–3.5; St = 20 µm; V = 52–53; Tail annuli = 50

1 ♂: L = 717 µm; a = 34; b = 5.4; c = 15; St = 20 µm; Spicules = 25 µm Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan). References. Niknam et al., 2008 [F].

Tylenchorhynchus ibericus Mahajan & Nombela, 1987 Associated plants and locality. fruit trees (East Azerbaijan). References. Solouki et al., 2012.

Tylenchorhynchus latus Allen, 1955

? ♀: L = 570–700 µm; c' = 3; St = 18–19 µm; V =; Tail annuli = 14–15

Associated plants and locality. grapevine, pomegranate and wheat (Esfahan, Kerman, Lorestan), alfalfa (Hormozgan), sugar beet (Khorasan Razavi), cotton (Golestan) and cedar (Qazvin) and other plants (Sistan and Baluchistan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Mehdikhani Moghadam & Kheiri, 1995; Ghanbarnia et al., 1998; Seraji et al., 2000; Razzaz Hashemi, 2002; Pourjam et al., 2011a.

Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis Siddiqi, Mukherjee & Dasgupta, 1982

11 ♀: L = 634–794 µm; a = 26–34; b = 4.7–6.2; c = 12–15; c' = 3.0–4.3; St = 19–22 µm; V = 52–55; Tail annuli = 18–22

6 ♂: L = 613–696 µm; a = 31–36; b = 4.9–5.5; c = 13–15; St = 19–21 µm; Spicules = 22–23 µm

Associated plants and locality. banana (Sistan and Baluchistan). During present study, from banana (Sistan and Baluchistan) and grasses ( Fars).

References. Tanha Maafi et al., 2006; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus manubriatus Litvinova, 1946

Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan). References. Niknam & Chenari Bouket, 2006.

Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi Siddiqi & Basir, 1959

? ♀: L = 490–760 µm; c' = 4; St = 16–19 µm; Tail annuli = 15–30

Associated plants and locality. citrus, alfalfa and rice (Khuzestan, Qum, Esfahan and Gilan), date palm (Kerman), sugar beet (West Azerbaijan) and sugarcane (Khuzestan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Gol Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002; Jahanshahi Afshar et al., 2006; Khezri Nejad et al., 2006; Nasiri et al., 2012.

Tylenchorhynchus maximus Allen, 1955

10 ♀: L = 980–1400 µm; a = 36–47; b = 6.0–7.3; c = 19–24; c' = 2.3–4.0; St = 21–24 µm; V = 50–54; Tail annuli = 39–47

Associated plants and locality. potato, apple and alfalfa (East Azerbaijan and Ardabil), peach (Zanjan), sunflower (West Azerbaijan), walnut (Hamadan), sainfoin and grass (Ardabil) and other plants (Semnan and Zanjan).

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti & Kheiri, 1989; Barooti, 1998; Nouri et al., 2006; Niknam et al., 2008 [P]; Nasrollahzadeh et al., 2008; Kashi et al., 2009; Harati et al., 2010; Ghahramani Nejad Mianeji et al., 2011; Panahandeh & Pourjam, 2014 [P].

Tylenchorhynchus nudus Allen, 1955

8 ♀: L = 605–700 µm; a = 24–29; b = 4.5–5.2; c = 13–15; c' = 3.3–3.7; St = 21–22 µm; V = 51–56; Tail annuli =?

6 ♂: L = 570–670 µm; a = 21–24; b = 4.6–5.2; c = 15–19; St = 20–22 µm; Spicules = 23–25 µm

Associated plants and locality. banana (Hormozgan), potato (Ardabil) and wheat (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad).

References. Tanha Maafi & Kheiri, 1993 [F]; Barooti, 1998; Abdollahi, 2010.

Tylenchorhynchus parvus Allen, 1955

31 ♀: L = 616–863 µm; a = 28–35; b = 4.8–6.3; c = 12–17; c' = 2.4–4.5; St = 16–19 µm; V = 50–56; Tail annuli = 33–62

13 ♂: L = 634–797 µm; a = 28–37; b = 4.9–6.1; c = 14–19; St = 16–19 µm; Spicule = 22–26 µm

Associated plants and locality. cantaloupe, cucumber and tomato (Khuzestan and Esfahan), rapeseed (Golestan), grapevine (West Azerbaijan) and potato (Kurdistan). From turf grass (Esfahan), sugarcane (Khuzestan) and unknown weeds, tomato, wheat and cedrus ( Fars), present study.

References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Naseri et al., 2008 [F]; Ashrafi et al., 2012; Rahimi et al., 2012; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus robustus Thorne & Malek, 1968

? ♀: L = 710–1000 µm; c' = 4; St = 17–23 µm; V =; Tail annuli = 40–45 Associated plants and locality. cantaloupe (Esfahan) and wheat (East Azerbaijan). References. Mojtahedi et al., 1983 [P]; Barooti, 1998.

Tylenchorhynchus shivanandi Shaw & Khan, 1992

3 ♀: L = 720–730 µm; a = 32–34; b = 4.9–5.4; c = 12–14; c' = 3.7–5.5; St = 15–18 µm; V = 56–57; Tail annuli = 21–23

Associated plants and locality. potato (Khorasan Razavi).

References. Erfani Pour Ghasemi et al., 2010[F].

Tylenchorhynchus spinaceai Singh, 1976

Associated plants and locality. turf grass (Tehran). References. Ashkani et al., 2012 [P].

Tylenchorhynchus teeni Hashim, 1984

6 ♀: L = 645–818 µm; a = 26–32; b = 5.5–6.4; c = 13–15; c' = 2.7–3.2; St = 17–18 µm; V = 54–56; Tail annuli = 48–55

3 ♂: L = 735–740 µm; a = 29–33; b = 5.5–5.7; c = 14–15; St = 17–18 µm; Spicules = 25–27 µm

Associated plants and locality. wheat (Esfahan), potato (Kurdistan) and rapeseed (one or some of the mainproducing provinces of this crop).

References. Jamali et al., 2005 [F]; Naseri et al., 2008; Rahimi et al., 2012.

Tylenchorhynchus usmanensis Khurma & Mahajan, 1988

1 ♀: L = 740 µm; a = 34; b = 5.8; c = 17; c' = 2.9; St = 16 µm; V = 53; Tail annuli = 40 1 ♂: L = 660 µm; a = 43; b = 5.1; c = 15; St = 16 µm; Spicules = 21 µm Associated plants and locality. alfalfa (East Azerbaijan).

References. Niknam et al., 2008 [F].

Tylenchorhynchus variannus Mavlyanov, 1978

3 ♀: L = 522–588 µm; a = 29; b = 4.8–5.3; c = 17; c' = 2.3–2.5; St = 18 µm; V = 56; Tail annuli = 10–11 Associated plants and locality. sugarcane (Khuzestan).

References. Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus ventrosignatus Tobar-Jiménez, 1969

33 ♀: L = 520–760 µm; a = 28–39; b = 4.5–5.8; c = 13–18; c' = 2.1–3.8; St = 12–15 µm; V = 50–57; Tail annuli = 28–43

16 ♂: L = 533–800 µm; a = 28–38; b = 4.4–6.1; c = 11–16; St = 12–16 µm; Spicules = 20–25 µm

Associated plants and locality. sugar beet ( Fars) and sugarcane (Khuzestan). During present study, from ornamentals, onion, tomato and eggplant (Boushehr), strawberry and ziziphus (Sistan and Baluchistan), alfalfa (Hormozgan) and corn (Khuzestan).

References. Ebrahimi et al., 2004 [P]; Nasiri et al., 2012; Present study.

Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris Upadhyay, Swarup & Sethi, 1972 Associated plants and locality. wheat (Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad). References. Abdollahi, 2010.